According with the studies realized the litter from peach palm (pupunha) contibutes with only 110 g/ha or 0,1% of total soil C to the C budget of the system. On the other hand it produces high quantities of root exudates. About 16.500 kg/ha C or 15% of total soil C respectively are released into the soil. Taking into account the C loss by microbial respiration and root respiration peach palm contributes with 10.700 kg/ha or 10% of total soil C respectively to the C budget of the system. Compared to C from root exudates the quantity of C from microbial biobass under peach palm is low. Only 45 kg/ha or 0,0004% of the total C originate from the microbial biomass

EMMERICH, S.

GASPAROTTO, L.

GÖLLNITZ, I.

LEHMANN, J.

LIEBEREI, R.

MARINO, W.

MARSCHNER, P.

SCHROTH, G.

UGUEN, K.

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Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.: production factors in agro-ecosystems.

GOLLNITZ, I.

Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. - production factors in agro-ecosystems.

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German-Brazilian Workshop on Neotropical Ecosystems – Achievements and Prospects of Cooperative ResearchHamburg, September 3-8, 2000Living Resources Management: Approaches, Techniques, Variability – Summareis of Posters, Session 4Reisdorff, C., Marino, W., Claret de Souza, Aparecida das Graças, Schroth, G. and Schmidt, P.:Theobroma grandiflorum (WILLD. ex SPRENG.) SCHUM.:Production Factors in Agro-ecosystems – Marino, W., Marschner, P., Göllnitz, I., Schroth, G., Emmerich, S., Gasparotto, L., Lehmann, J., Uguen, K. andLieberei, R.: Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.: Production Factors in Agro-ecosystems298One long term objective of the field experiments conductedon a former terra firme rain forest site near Manaus is toevaluate the feasibility of sustainable agroforestry inAmazonia, paying special attention to the potential torecultivate degraded areas. For this purpose different mixedcultivation systems are being tested and compared to mono-cultures designed according to common practices. Studygroups of various SHIFT-projects are working on thisexperimental site, each group dealing with particularaspects of the different agro-ecosystems.There are manifold aspects which need to be considered,one of these being the cultivated species itself. It needs to bestudied with respect to its behavior within particular fieldenvironments in order to come to a kind of agro-ecologicalprofile of the species and its varieties. In addition, theeconomic potential of a crop plant is important as well,considering that an ecologically sound cultivation systemwill only be put into practice if it promises to be profitable.One of the species being part of the field experiments isTheobroma grandiflorum. This species is attractingBactris gasipaes H.B.K. (also called peach palm, pupunha,pejibaye and chontaduro) is a monoecious multistemmedpalm tree which is native in southwestern Amazonia. Thepalm was planted for the production of palm fruits or heartof palm as part of the SHIFT-polycultural area near Manaus.As fruit trees they reached up to 20 m in height, with 15-25pinnate fronds in the crown. The fruit bunch contains 50-1000 single seeded fruits. The drupe fruit contains highquantities of starch (30-80% dry weight), oil (2-60% dryweight), protein (1-14% dry weight), fiber (3-13% dryweight) and carotene (0-70 mg/100 g fresh mesocarp).Therefore it could play an essential role in food supply forthe local people.B. gasipaes forms a dense root system in the upper soilhorizons. Together with its unique root surface structure thisallows an efficient soil exploitation and thus high nutrientuptake.The N content of its litter is high thus enabling a rapiddecomposition. However, due to the small amount of litterand the efficient N uptake by B. gasipaes this does not resultin a increased N content of the soil organic matter.The litter from B. gasipaes contributes with only 110 kg/haor 0,1 % of total soil C to the C budget of the system. Onthe other hand B. gasipaes produces high quantities of rootexudates. About 16500 kg/ha C or 15% of total soil Crespectively are released into the soil. Taking into accountthe C loss by microbial respiration and root respiration B.gasipaes contributes with 10700 kg/ha or 10% of total soilC respectively to the C budget of the system. Compared toC from root exudates the quantity of C from microbial bio-mass under B. gasipaes is low. Only 45 kg/ha or 0,0004% ofthe total C originate from the microbial biomass.particular interest because of the following facts:- It is native in the Amazon region;- The livestock of cultivated plants represents a primaryselection with a high degree of variability, thus, stilloffering the opportunity to combine economic criteriawith agro-ecological criteria for selection and breeding;- T. grandiflorum. is economically attractive because of thehigh market value of the fruit flesh;- The species is closely related to cocoa, hence offering anuse option in addition to pulp-production, namely the useof the seeds for the preparation of a chocolate likeproduct.Our poster sketches some main lines of research withrespect to the species Theobroma grandiflorum which havebeen done within the frame of the SHIFT experimental siteat the EMBRAPA Amazônia Ocidental near Manaus. Thisincludes aspects of eco-physiology, biotic interactions,plantation management, infra-specific variability and theutilization of the seeds.Theobroma grandiflorum (WILLD. ex SPRENG.) SCHUM.: Production Factors in Agro-ecosystemsReisdorff, C.1, Marino, W.1, Claret de Souza, Aparecida das Graças2, Schroth, G.1 and Schmidt, P.11 Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany2 EMBRAPA Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, Brazil.Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.: Production Factors in Agro-ecosystemsMarino, W.1, Marschner, P.1, Göllnitz, I.1, Schroth, G.1, Emmerich, S.2, Gasparotto, L.3, Lehmann, J.4, Uguen, K.5 andLieberei, R.11 Institut für Angewandte Botanik, Universität Hamburg, Germany, 2 Institut für ökologische Pflanzenphysiologie und Geobotanik,Universität Düsseldorf, Germany 3 EMBRAPA Amazonia Ocidental Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 4 Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde undBodengeographie, Universität Bayreuth, Germany, 5 Laboratoire d`Ecologie des Sols Tropicaux; Bondy Cedex, France

Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.: production factors in agro-ecosystems.

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Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa

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