This paper has as aim to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of granulated organomineral fertilizers produced from poultry litter and mineral sources of phosphorus

BENITES, V. de M.

DAMIN, V.

FRAZÃO, J. J.

LINHARES, L. F.

MACEDO, G. M.

TEIXEIRA, P. C.

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,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWL¿F&HQWUHRI)HUWLOL]HUV&,(&Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2014PROCEEDINGS9LQLFLXVGH0HOR%HQLWHV$GLOVRQGH2OLYHLUD-XQLRU3DXOR6HUJLR3DYLQDWR3DXOR&pVDU7HL[HLUD0LOWRQ)HUUHLUD0RUDHV5HJLQD0DULD9LOODV%{DVGH&DPSRV/HLWH5RQDOGR3HUHLUDGH2OLYHLUDEditorsTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE TROPICAL AGRICULTUREOctober 20-24, 2014Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil25939Introduction The low availibility of phosphorus (P) in the tropical soil is one of the biggest constraints to the growth and productivity of crops. In tropical regions, most soils are very weathered and rich in iron and aluminium oxi-hydroxides, which, in turn, present accentuated capacity of P absortion. Furthermore, the mineral reserved of phosphorus in the world DUH ¿QLWH7KHUHIRUH LW LV QHFHVVDU\ WR VHDUFK IRUWHFKQRORJLHVFDSDEOHRILQFUHDVLQJWKHHI¿FLHQF\RIphosphated fertilization, in order to increase the of crop yield and extend the useful life of P mineral reserves. Tropical soils, in general, possess low con-tent of organic matter, which plays an important role in the soil, not only to improve it structural quality, EXWDOVRWRLPSURYHWKHHI¿FLHQF\RISKRVSKDWHIHUWL-lizers, through the occupation of phosphate adsorp-tion sites in the soil. One of the sources of organic matter avail-able in Brazil is poultry litter (PL). In 2013, 8,42 mil-OLRQWRQVRI3/ZHUHSURGXFHG+DKQ&RQDE2014), which can be used as organic fertilizer. How-ever, if it isn’t used appropriately, it can become a source of environmental contamination. Therefore, the use of PL as granulated organomineral fertilizer becomes an interesting alternative, not only from an environmental perspective, but also agronomical. In this context, this paper has as aim to evaluate the DJURQRPLF HI¿FLHQF\ RI JUDQXODWHG RUJDQRPLQHUDOfertilizers produced from poultry litter and mineral sources of phosphorus.Methods The organomineral fertilizers (OMF) were produced in the Fertilizer Lab at Embrapa Soils. Initially, all the sources were dried in a dried in a forced-air circulation oven at 65°C, ground and sieved (0,25 mm). Based on the chemical analysis of the organic and mineral sources, the proportion EHWZHHQWKHVHVRXUFHVLQWKH¿QDOSURGXFWZDVGH-termined. 2% of sodium silicate was added to the compound as binding agent. Later, the compound was processed in a disc granulator and the gran-ules were dried in a forced-air circulation oven at 65°C for 48 hours and sieved, so that the granules had a diameter between 1 and 4mm. The experiment was performed in a green-house, located at the Agronomy College of the Goi-as Federal University, Goiania, Goias. A completely randomized design was used, in a 4x4+1 factorial scheme (four sources, four doses and the control (without P)) subdivided in time (three cycles of suc-cessive cultures), with four repetitions. The sources XVHGZHUH76)WULSOHVXSHUSKRVSKDWH20)B (OMF based on poultry litter (PL) and phosphate URFN 35 %D\RYDU 20)$ 3/ DQG 35 RI$U-raias) and 4-OMF-TSP (PL and TSP). The doses of phosphorus (P2O5 total) used were 0, 250, 500, 1000 e 2000 mg per pot. The OMF-A, OMF-B and OMF-TSP sources had 11,72, 11,79 and 13,21% of P2O5 (total), respectively, and the TSP source had 47,47% of P2O5 (total). The experiment was performed in plas-WLFSRWV¿OOHGZLWKHLJKW OLWHUVRIDLUGULHG¿QHVRLOSURYHQLHQWIURPWKHVXEVXSHU¿FLDOKRUL]RQRIDW\SL-cal Rhodic Hapludox (Soil Survey Staff, 1999). The acidity was corrected to increase pH (in water) to 6,8, using a compound of pure calcium and magne-sium carbonate. After acidity correction, the soil in the pots was grooved to a depth of seven centim-HWHUVZKHUHWKHWUHDWPHQWVZHUHDSSOLHG¿OOLQJWKHgrooves with earth. Then, six millet seeds (Penni-VHWXPJODXFXP), cultivar ADR 500, were sown at a depth of two centimeters, keeping three plants per pot. With the aim of identifying more precisely the isolated effect of the phosphate fertilizers studied, a nutritive solution was used, which provided all the AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GRANULATED ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS BASED ON POULTRY LITTER AND PHOSPHATESJOAQUIM JOSÉ FRAZÃO1, VINÍCIUS DE M. BENITES2, VIRGÍNIA DAMIN3, PAULO CÉSAR TEIXEIRA2, GUILHERME M. MACEDO3, LETÍCIA F. LINHARES31 &HQWURGH(QHUJLD1XFOHDUQD$JULFXOWXUD/DERUDWyULRGH1XWULomR0LQHUDOGH3ODQWDV$Y&HQWHQiULRQ3LUDFLFDED&HS%5$6,/IUD]DR#FHQDXVSEU2 Embrapa Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico, nº 1024, Rio de Janeiro, Cep 22460-000, %5$6,/YLQLFLXVEHQLWHV#HPEUDSDEUSDXORFWHL[HLUD#HPEUDSDEU3 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia/Nova 9HQH]D.P*RLkQLD&HS%5$6,/YLUJLQLDGDPLQ#JPDLOFRPJPHQGDQKDPDFHGR#KRWPDLOFRPOHWLFLDÀBDJUR#hotmail.com)Posters | Section  8 | Organic based fertilizers260 16th World Fertilizer Congress of CIECnutrients to the plants, except phosphorus. At 45 '$6WKHKDUYHVWRI WKH¿UVWF\FOHZDVSHUIRUPHGAt this point, the plants were cut next to the soil, washed and dried in a forced-air circulation oven at 65°C for 72 hours, and weighed in order to de-termine the shoot dry weight (SDW). Subsequently, the plants were ground to determine the P content (Embrapa, 2009). Three consecutive cycles of mil-lets were cultivated in each pot, in order to evalu-ate the residual effect of the treatments. In all the cycles, the procedures were the same as described IRU WKH¿UVW F\FOH7KH UHODWLYHDJURQRPLFHI¿FLHQ-cy (RAE) was calculated according to Chien et al. (1996). The results obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and, when the test F was sig-QL¿FDQWWKHTXDOLWDWLYHWUHDWPHQWPHDQVZHUHFRP-SDUHGXVLQJWKH7XNH\¶VWHVWĮ 7KHFRQWUDVWof means was also performed with the control treat-PHQWE\PHDQVRIWKH'XQQHWW¶VWHVWĮ Results and discussions The production of shoot dry weight (SDW) and the accumulation of  P in the plants were in-ÀXHQFHG E\ WKH IDFWRUV VRXUFH DQG 3 GRVHV DVLJQL¿FDWLYH LQWHUDFWLRQ RI WKHVH IDFWRUV EHLQJ RE-served (Table 1). The successive millet crops also LQÀXHQFHGWKHVHYDULDEOHVDQGDGHFUHDVHZLWKWKHincrease of cycles was observed. However, for the source with lower solubility (OMF-A), the production RI6':ZDVQRW LQÀXHQFHGE\WKHFURSVSRVVLEO\due to the gradual liberation.  ,Q WKH ¿UVW DQG VHFRQG FURS F\FOHV WKHhighest productions of SDW were observed in the portions fertilized with the OMF-TSP source. The organomineral fertilizers enhanced by phosphate rocks (OMF-A e OMF-B) provided the production of SDW similar to the soluble TSP source, except the 20)$VRXUFHLQWKH¿UVWF\FOH7KHUHIRUH20)HQ-hanced by phosphate rocks, even having less solu-bility, present a satisfactory performance compared to the reference source (TSP). The SDW production using the OMF-TSP source was approximately 41, 58 and 2% higher WKDQ WKH763VRXUFH LQ WKH¿UVWVHFRQGDQG WKLUGcrop cycles, respectively (Table 1). For the accu-mulation of P in the plant, the difference between these sources was even bigger, especially in the ¿UVWFURSZKHUHWKH20)763VRXUFHZDVDSSUR[L-mately 104% higher than the TSP source. These results indicate that the association of a poultry litter with a soluble P source (TSP) increases consider-ably the production of SDW, as well as the accumu-lation of P in the plant.  Table 2 presents the relative agronomic ef-¿FLHQF\5$(UHVXOWVIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIGU\PDW-ter of plants. There was interaction of the sources with the doses of P. The highest RAE was obtained using the OMF-TSP source, in relation to the other organomineral sources. In comparison with the TSP source, it is possible to notice that the presence of organic matter in the fertilizer granule increased WKHHI¿FLHQF\RI WKH763PLQHUDO VRXUFHZLWK WKHexception of the smallest dosage. These results are in accordance with what was observed by Santos et al. (2010), who noticed an increase in productiv-ity of sugarcane stems when a mineral source of P 763ZDVDSSOLHGZLWKVXJDUFDQH¿OWHUFDNHLQWKHcrop groove. Despite having less solubility than the soluble source (TSP), the OMF-B source, except in the smallest dosage, presented similar results to the TSP source.Conclusions The association of poultry litter and triple superphosphate (TSP) in the form of granulated or-JDQRPLQHUDOIHUWLOL]HUSUHVHQWVDJURQRPLFHI¿FLHQF\higher than a TSP source, as well as a bigger ac-cumulation of phosphorus in the plant and higher SURGXFWLRQRIVKRRWGU\ZHLJKW Organomineral fertilizer enhanced by phos-SKDWHURFN%D\RYDUSUHVHQWHGDJURQRPLFHI¿FLHQF\similar to the soluble TSP source..H\ZRUGV 2UJDQLF PDWWHU DGVRUSWLRQ SKRVSKDWHrock, 3HQQLVHWXPJODXFXP.References&+,(16+0(1215*%,//,1*+$0.6Phosphorus availability from phosphate rock as en-hanced by water-soluble phosphorus. Soil Science Society of America Journal, v.60, p.1173-1177, 1996.CONAB. Indicadores da agropecuária. Brasília: CONAB. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.conab.JRYEU!$FHVVRHPPDU261EMBRAPA. Manual de análises químicas de so-los, plantas e fertilizantes. 2 ed. Brasília: Embra-SD,QIRUPDomR7HFQROyJLFDSHAHN, L. Processamento da cama de aviário e suas implicações nos agroecossistemas. 2004. 130 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroecossiste-mas), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Flo-ULDQySROLV6$1726'+7,5,7$1&6)2/21,-66FABRIS, L. B. Produtividade de cana-de-açúcar VREDGXEDomRFRPWRUWDGH¿OWURHQULTXHFLGDFRPfosfato solúvel. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, Goiânia, v. 40, n. 4, p. 454-461, 2010.SOIL SURVEY STAFF. Soil Taxonomy: a basic V\VWHP RI VRLO FODVVL¿FDWLRQ IRU PDNLQJ DQG LQWHU-preting soil surveys. 2 ed. Washington: USDA, 1999, 870 p.Table 2.5HODWLYHDJURQRPLFHI¿FLHQF\5$(RIJUDQXODWHGRUJDQRPLQHUDOIHUWLOL]HUVHQKDQFHGE\GLIIHUHQWVPLQHUDOsources of phosphorus0HDQVIROORZHGE\VDPHVPDOOOHWWHULQWKHFROXPQRUFDSLWDOOHWWHULQWKHURZGRQRWGLIIHUDFFRUGLQJWR7XNH\¶VWHVWSMeans followed by same small letter in the column or capital letter in the row do not differ according to Tukey’s test S)WHVWVLJQL¿FDQFHS'LIIHUHQWIURPFRQWURODFFRUGLQJWR'XQQHWW¶VWHVWSTable 1. Production of shoot dry weight (SDW) and accumulation of phosphorus in shoot of millet (3HQQLVHWXPJODXFXP) in three consecutive crops in function of doses of granulated organomineral fertilizersFontes Crop cycles 1st 2nd 3rd  __________________________________ 6':JSHUSRW__________________________________ OMF-A 9,60 cA* 8,90 bA* 9,30 aA* OMF-B 12,20 bA* 9,94 bB* 9,75 aB* OMF-TSP 18,36 aA* 14,49 aB* 9,21 aC* TSP 13,06 bA* 9,17 bB* 9,02 aB* Control 0,12 2,84 6,81 6RXUFH[F\FOH  &9F\FOH  6RXUFH[GRVH * &9VRXUFH   ____________________ $FFXPXODWLRQRI3LQVKRRWPJSHUSRW_____________________ OMF-A 9,66 cA* 5,78 bB* 8,04 bA* OMF-B 12,96 bA* 7,27 bB* 8,34 bB* OMF-TSP 29,31 aA* 13,66 aB* 10,79 aC* TSP 14,40 bA* 12,31 aB* 9,99 abC* Control 0,21 2,57 3,84 6RXUFH[F\FOH  &9F\FOH  6RXUFH[GRVH  &9VRXUFH   P sources Phosphorus levels (mg per pot of P2O5) 250 500 1000 2000  _________________________________________________ 5$(__________________________________________________ OMF-A 39,70 b 44,78 c 63,97 c 60,02 c OMF-B 40,91 b 77,40 b 85,55 bc 72,63 bc OMF-TSP 106,22 a 160,46 a 167,64 a 162,93 a TSP 100,00 a 100,00 b 100,00 b 100,00 b  Posters | Section  8 | Organic based fertilizers

Agronomic efficiency of granulated organomineral fertilizers based on poultry litter and phosphates.

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