Um passo essencial no desenvolvimento de produtos baseados em plantas geneticamente modificadas (PGM) é a avaliação da sua segurança, incluindo a avaliação do seu impacto potencial, e das práticas relacionadas ao seu cultivo, no meio ambiente, na saúde humana e animal, de modo comparativo com variedades convencionais, sem a modificação genética. Apesar da importância da avaliação de risco, o GMP-RAM é a primeira ferramenta eletrônica de suporte à decisão para a avaliação do risco relacionado ao uso dos transgênicos. Comparado com a siatuação atual de análise dos transgênicos, o uso deste software pode resultar num processo menos subjetivo e mais transparente para a avaliação de risco como apoio a tomada de decisão

JESUS, K. R. E. de

LIMA, D. U. de

VIEIRA, F. D.

RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal

GMP- RAM V1.1: Uma proposta de software como sistema de suporte à decisão para avaliação de risco de plantas geneticamente modificadas.

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Anais do 6º Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática – SBIAgro 2007, São Pedro, Brasil, 8-11 outubro 2007,Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, p.136-140.GMP- RAM V1.1: UMA PROPOSTA DE SOFTWARE COMO SISTEMA DE SUPORTE À DECISÃO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE RISCO DE PLANTAS GENETICAMENTE MODIFICADASKATIA REGINA EVARISTO DE JESUS1FÁBIO DANILO VIEIRA2DENIS UBEDA DE LIMA3 RESUMO:  Um  passo  essencial  no  desenvolvimento  de  produtos  baseados  em  plantas geneticamente modificadas (PGM) é a avaliação da sua segurança, incluindo a avaliação do seu impacto potencial, e das práticas relacionadas ao seu cultivo, no meio ambiente, na saúde humana e animal, de modo comparativo com variedades convencionais, sem a modificação genética. Apesar da importância da avaliação de risco, o GMP-RAM é a primeira ferramenta eletrônica de suporte à decisão para a avaliação do risco relacionado ao uso dos transgênicos. Comparado com a siatuação atual de análise dos transgênicos,  o uso deste software pode resultar num processo menos subjetivo e mais transparente para a avaliação de risco como apoio a tomada de decisão.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: biossegurança, transgênicos, avaliação de risco, suporte à decisão.GMP-RAM V1.1: A PROPOSED SOFTWARE TOOL LIKE A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF TRANSGENIC PLANTSABSTRACT:  An  essential  step  in  the  development  of  products  based  upon  genetically modified  plants  (GMP)  is  an  assessment  of  safety,  including  an  evaluation  of  potential impact on the crops and the practices related to their cultivation on the environment, human or animal  health,  in  a  comparative  way  with  its  parental  or  reference  crop.  Despite the importance of the evaluation being currently done by risk assessment, the “GMP-RAM” is the first electronic tool for decision support at the evaluation of potential risks related to the use of genetically modified plants. The Software GMP-RAM is provided  as a tool that may help  to  evaluate  the  safety  of  the  genetically  modified  plants.  The use  of  this  software  could represent a less subjective and more transparent process for risk assessment. KEY-WORDS: biosafety, transgenic, risk assessment, decision support system.1. INTRODUCTIONThe literature  describes  several  ways  to complete  a  risk analysis  (CONNER et  al.,  2003; EFSA, 2004; FAO, 2003; FAO, 2004; KRAYER VON KRAUSS et al., 2004). The evaluation is scientifically based, where parameters that comprise a risk (such as hazard and exposure) are submitted to qualitative analysis  (FUNTOWICZ et al.,  1999; OECD, 2005). However, there  is  no  widely  accepted  and  specific  risk  assessment  method  for  the  evaluation  of genetically  modified  plants  that  draws  on  quantifiable  parameters  and  allows  for  a comparative analysis among different technologies.1 PhD. In Biotechnology, Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP 340, Km127,5 CP. 69, CEP: 13820-000, Jaguariúna-SP, Brazil; (katiareg@cnpma.embrapa.br)2 Computer Technician Embrapa Agriculture Informatics – Campinas, SP, Brazil3 PhD. In Agronomy, Bayer S.A.136Anais do 6º Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática – SBIAgro 2007, São Pedro, Brasil, 8-11 outubro 2007,Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, p.136-140.This paper introduces a risk analysis method as a decision support system, focused on the risk assessment  step  that  identifies  and  evaluates  the  risks  associated  with  the  release  and cultivation of GMPs. The proposed method is based in Environmental Impact Assessment methods utilized during ISO 14000 implementation. Many validated issues or parameters of analysis described in previous reports (EFSA, 2004; NAS, 2002) were also considered. The uniqueness of this risk assessment as a decision support is the eletronic format to fill all the worksheets and to show the results in the matrix. The GMP-RAM software (JESUS et al., 2006) provides to add parameters to the tool according to the specificity of the technology and on a case-by-case basis. Likewise, it is possible complete only the parameters that are related to the object under analysis.2. METHODSThe Software GMP–RAM v. 1.1 is an eletronic format of the worksheets that was created in Delphi. This program presents two tools: i) worksheets for the compilation of Evidence of Risks and ii) Matrix of Assessment and Management. The first tool is used to identify and characterize  potential  hazards  related  to  the  use  of  a  certain  GMP.  The  preformatted worksheets allow attribution of values reflecting the level of risk and its significance in the context of the activity to be developed. Secondly, the Matrix provides a structure to observe the potential hazards in a visual format that can illustrate which management could be utilized to support the use of GMPs in a manner as safe as any other traditional technology. The software GMP-RAM provides an easy way to use this method. Using this electronic format is possible to attribute the values for the factors of moderation and the results of the indexes (Risk and Significance) will be calculated and plotted in the Matrix automatically.Software GMP-RAM v1.1Aiming to  optimize  and provide  an  easy way to  perform the  “RISK ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY  MODIFIED  PLANTS”  was  built  the  Software  GMP-RAM  v.  1.1 (Genetically Modified Plants - Risk Assessment Method). The software can be accessed via the link (Figure 1): http://www.cnpma.embrapa.br/forms/gmp_ram.php3 .Figue 1: The internet interface to download the GMP-RAM Software.  Evidence of Risk Worksheet137Anais do 6º Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática – SBIAgro 2007, São Pedro, Brasil, 8-11 outubro 2007,Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, p.136-140.First,  a  worksheet  is  constructed to characterize all  potential  GMP-related hazards and to assign a level of risk and its significance in the context of the activity to be developed. Figure 2 shows the worksheet, and the following topics describe the worksheet’s different fields.Fields for Sources of Exposure, Potential Hazards, and Criteria of AssessmentOn the worksheet the potential hazards (risk evaluated) are grouped according to their source of  exposure  (mainly  concerned  under  evaluation),  along  with  at  least  one  criterion  for assessment of each one. These items are predetermined on the worksheet  to allow for an accurate evaluation of related risks. For example, altering the dynamic of population of weeds is a “potential hazard” resulting from the gene flow that is the “source of exposure.” The characterization of this hazard is performed by analyzing the “criterion of assessment” that is the feasible outcrossing between the GMP and the related weeds.The data presented in the worksheet are based on features of current GMP traits. In addition, public  concerns  about  genetically  modified  organisms  and  the  impact  of  environmental assessment were also considered when deciding which issues to analyze in the worksheet. However,  new features and genetic characteristics  have been developed,  resulting in new potential hazards, sources of exposure, and criteria for assessment. Thus, new aspects must be added to the worksheets as needed.In Figure 2 each hazard is coded with a letter (from “a” to “o”) to identify it in the Matrix of Assessment.  The user may also add parameters  to the tool (e.g.,  potential  hazards can be inserted in rows coded “p” to “z”) according to the specificity of the technology and on a case-by-case basis. Likewise, it is possible not to complete the parameters that are not related to the object under analysis.Figure 2. Worksheets for the Compilation of the Evidence of Risk3. RESULTS Risk  analysis  must  be  undertaken  to  predict  the  occurrence  of  negative  impacts  on  the environment  and  human  and/or  animal  health.  These  assessments  allow  us  to  define predictive measures to mitigate or avoid the adverse effects that could result from potential or identified hazards. Thus, it is possible to develop the GMP with a high probability of success and safety. 138Anais do 6º Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática – SBIAgro 2007, São Pedro, Brasil, 8-11 outubro 2007,Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, p.136-140.The Matrix (Figure 3) is constructed with two axes, where the “x” axis stands for the classes of the Index of Risk and the “y” axis stands for the classes of the Index of Significance. The results  from the  Index  of  Risk  and  the  Index  of  Significance  are  plotted  in  the  Matrix according  to  their  position  (points  are  plotted  using  letters  that  represent  each  potential hazard). Figure 3:  Matrix  of  Risk Assessment.  The main tool  to overview all  indexes  and to  support  decision makers.4. CONCLUSIONSAiming the GMP-RAM v. 1.1 as a decision support system the result of these method are organized in a way that provides to the user to have the recommendations organized in the level of mitigation from the less restriction management to the higher one, in the specific case that the method indicates a dangerous associated with the GMP. Concluding the evaluation it is sugested to built the list of recommendation specific to the GMP under assessment, based on the results that is showed in the matrix.This strategy as decision support is crucial to result in a less superficial analysis, since it is able to attribute which parameters are more correlated to the technology.  In addition, risk characterization by measuring with quantifiable tools demonstrates a decision support system where subjectivity is drastically decreased. 5. BIBLIOGRAPHICS REFERENCESCONNER, A. J., GLARE, T. R., & NAP, J. P. (2003). The release of genetically modified crops into the environment. Part II. Overview of ecological risk assessment. Plant Journal, 33, 19-46.EFSA – EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY. (2004). Guidance document of the scientific panel on genetically modified organisms for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants and derived food and feed (Question n. EFSA-Q-2003-2005). The EFSA Journal, 99, 1-94.FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. CODUS ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION. (2003) Principle  for the risk analysis of food derived from modern biotechnology, p. 4. Available at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/y5819e/y5819e00.pdf139Anais do 6º Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática – SBIAgro 2007, São Pedro, Brasil, 8-11 outubro 2007,Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, p.136-140.FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (2004) Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests, including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms. Publication 11: 37. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5874e/y5874e00.htmFUNTOWICZ, S. O.; MARTINEZ-ALIER, J.; MUNDA, G., & RAVETZ, J. R. (1999). Information tools for environmental policy under conditions of complexity. Environmental  Issues Series, 9, 34.James, C. (2004). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops, 2004. ISAAA Briefs, 32: Preview.JESUS, K. R. E.; LANNA, A. C.; VIEIRA, F. D.; ABREU, A. L.; LIMA, D. U. A proposed Risk  Assessment  Method  for  Genetically  Modified  Plants.  Applied  Biosafety (http://www.absa.org), Vol. 11(3), pp. 127-137; 2006.KRAYER VON KRAUSS, M. P.; CASMAN, E. A.; & SMALL, M. J. (2004). Elicitation of expert judgment of uncertainty in the risk assessment of herbicide-tolerant oilseed crops. Risk Analysis, 24, 1515-1527.NAS – NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - Committee on Environmental Impacts Associated with Commercialization of Transgenic Plants, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Division on Earth and Life Sciences, National Research Council. (2002). Environmental effects of transgenic plants: The scope and adequacy of regulation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.OECD – ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. (2005) Working group on harmonization of regulatory oversight in biotechnology. Environmental risk assessment of transgenic plants: A comparison of international pre-market data requirements, p. 17. 140

Ouinta-feira, 11 de outubro Sessão 5 -Sociedade e Meio Anlbiente GMP- RAM V1, 1 :.UMA PROPOSTA DE SOFtWARE COMO,', SISTEMA,DE SUPORTE À DECISÃO~pÁRÀ AVAUAÇÃO DE RISCO DE' PLAN,TAS . GENETICAMENTE MODIF.ICADAS :,' , ,', ,. }- _ _ .• , •• "' ... y ~ ~ ~*}~: ,: :::{':~;,~'" " , Katja Regina Evaristo de Jesus , FábioDanilo Vieira Denis' U b~da de :Lima, Este artigo apresenta um modelo conceitual de avaliação de investimentos em pesquisa nas cooperativas ágroindustriaís baseado nas metodologias Balanced Scorecard e D:nâmica de Sistemas. No desenvolvimento do 'modelo foram mapeados os processos envolviclos na pesquisa agrícola da cadeia produtiva do trigo utilizando-se diagramas de enlace causal e diagramas dt; estoque e fiuxo. ,O modelo 'desenvolvido permite uma melhor, compreensão das complexas, relações entre pesquisa e produção'ágrícola, :Um-' passo', essencial, no ,desenvolvimento, de ,'produtos ,'fa~ilita'ndáo processo anal,ise e',déci~ão de investimentos 'baseqdos em plantás geneticamente modificada's'(P.GM) é a " nocón'texto dás cooperativas agroin'dusfi'iais. :avaliação da 'sua se,gúrança, incluindo a 'avaliação do seu' impacto potenci~l, e das práticas relacionadas ao seu cultivo, no m'eio ambiente, na saúde llumana e animal, de modo ,comparati,vo com variedades convencionais, sem a :modificaçao genética.Apesarda importância da avaliação de fr.isco. o Gfy1P-RAM é a primeira ferramenta eletrônica de ~suporte à decisão para a avaliação do risco relaCionado ao ::uso dos ,transgênicos. Comparado com a siatuação atual de ~a,nálíse dostransgênicos, o uso deste software pode resultar [:num proce&so menos subjetivo e mais tra'nsparente para a ravaliação de risco como apoio a toma,da de decisão. ~ , ~Palavras-êhave: biossegurança, t~ansgênicos, avaliação de ~risco, suporte à deoisão. ' t' fGMP-RAM V1.1: A PROPOSED SOFTWARE TOOL LJKE A ' rDECtSION SUPPÓRr'SYSTEM FOR'RISK ASSESSMENT !9F TRANSGENIC PLANTS ' , : An assential step in the development of products basecJ upon 'geneticalJy rpodified plants (GMP) is an assessment of safety, 'iricJuding an evaluatíon of potentia! íl71pact on the crops and ;the practices related to their cultívation an thf? environment, 'humal1 or animal hea!ths in a comparative way with its parental or reference crop. Despite the Importance of the ;evaluation. beJng currentJy done by risk assessment, 'the :'~(GMP-RAM" is 'the.first eleclronic too/for decisiol1 supporl'at the evaluatiqn of potential risks' re/ated to the use of :'genetically mod}fied 'plants. The Sàftware 'GMP-RAM is ::pro vide d tool that may help to eva/uate the safety of the :genetically rriodified plants. The use of this software could .represent a /ess "subjective and more transparent process for risk assessrheni. ,key Words: .biosafety,transgenic, risk~ assessmen( deCision suppO/t system. PROP.OSTA DE UM MODELO DE SCORECARD 'PINÂMICO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA PE'SQU'SA A q R Q,P E:C U,Á R I A EM' C O O P E R A T I V AS AGROINDUSTRAIS Roberto Max Protil Amarildo Da Cruz Fernandes , Alfredo Benedito Kugeratski Souza Palavras-chave: Pesquisa agropecuária, dinâmica de sistemas, balanced scorecard. PROPOSAL OF A DYNAMJC SCORECARD lVIOOEL FOR EVALUATION OFAGRIC'uLTURAL RESEARCH IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COOPERATlVES 'Thís paper presents a conceptual model forresearch investment anaJysis in agro-industríal cooperatives with, the uses of Bafanced Scorecard and Dynamic Systems method%gies. Using causal loop diagrams and accumulators, and flow diagrams it was possíble to map t!la involved processes in the agricultural research of the productive chain of wlleat, The developed model allows one better understanding Qf the complex relations, between researc/l and agricultural production, thus facílítating til e , process of analyzes and decision of investments in the context of agro-industrial cooperatives. Key Vv'ords: A gric ultura I research, systern d}mamics, balanced scorecard, LICENCIAMENTO DE SOFTWARE LIVRE NA EMBRAPA , Cássia"lsabefCos'ta' Mendes Antônio Márcio Buairiain Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas questões, juridicas que permeiam a utilização de licenciamento livre para, software desenvolvido originalmente, por órgãos, da ' administração pública, tendo como exemplo o caso da Embrapa Informática Agropecuária. Dentre as,. que'stães disGutidas estão a titularidade do software, a legalidade ou' não de tal prática e se ela configurara' disponibilização 'de:' bem público, a possibilidade de coexistência entre régistro do software no Instituto Nàcional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e posterior licenciamento livre. Palavras-chaves: software livre, licenciamento, Embrapa Informática Ag ropecu á ri a. LJCENSING OF FREE SOFTWARE IN THE EMBRAPA The purpose ofthis artic1e is to discuss some legal questions 

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GMP- RAM V1.1: Uma proposta de software como sistema de suporte à decisão para avaliação de risco de plantas geneticamente modificadas.

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RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal