KANASHIRO, M.

MAUES, M. M.

OLIVEIRA, P. E.

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<,9th International Pollination Symposiumon Plant-Pollinator Relationships-Diversity in ActionProgram and AbstractsJune 24-28, 2007Ames,lowaIOWA STATE UNIVERSITYReduced Impact Logging and Its EfIectson the Pollination of Amazonian TreesMárcia Motta MauésEmbrapa Amazônia Oriental, Lab. Entomologia, CP 48, Belém, PA, 66.017-970 - BrasilE-mail: marcia@cpatu.embrapa.brPaulo Eugênio OliveiraDept" Biociências, Universidade Federal de UberlândiaCP 593, Uberlândia, MG, 38.400-902 - BrasilMilton KanashiroEmbrapa Amazônia Oriental, Lab. Entomologia, CP 48, Belém, PA, 66.017-970 - BrasilIn lhe last thrcc decades, lhe Brazilian Arnazon (-+.9 X 10-1 krrr') has 10Slapproximatclv 17'/0 of its [orcst coverduc 10 lhe cxpansion of logging activitics, caule ranching, anel agricultural systerns [11. Habitar loss anel forestfragmentalion aílect pollen flow bccause they rcducc the number 01'pollcn elonors anel possibly the arnouru ofcompatible pollen. which mav lead to low fruit set anel genetic drilt [2,31. These processes ma) also rcsultin the decline 01'pollinator populations. ihrcatening lhe connectivity of rcmnant trees in fragments HI. 'vVestuelieel the cllcct 01' rcduccd impact logging (RIU policies on the pollination efficiency anel pollinator groups ofjacaJ'(!llc/u copuiu (Aubl.) O. Don (Bignoniaceael. Diplcryx odorcü« (Aubl.) Willel. (Lcguminosac-Papilionoidcae),Carapa glliancllsis Aubl. (Mcliaccae ), SVlllpllOlliu glolJllIiIcnl L.f. (Clusiaccac). anel Bugussa glliclIlCllSis Aubl.(Moraccac) (figure 11. These species are hardwood trees that (cxccpt j. copaui) are usecl in lhe [orestrv industryfor tirnbcr and/or plywood.Our rcscarch was conc.lucteel in the \Vestern Arnazon (Tapajos National Forcst ) undcr two systems of forestmanagement: non-Ioggeel forest (NLF) anclloggeel forest (LF) subject to RIL. For cach studv species. wc dctermincdihe pollen dcposition rate (POR = average nurnbcr 01' pollen grains dcpositcd per sarnplc stigmal anel percentageof pistil lcrtilizauon (PPF = '\, of sarnplc pistils lcrtilizcd). Thcse elata were compareci bctwccn logging trcatrncntsusing X\iOVA. Pollinator acuvitv (species. bchavior, anel visitation ratc) was moriitorcd eluring the main floweringperioel ofj. cOf?uiu. D. OclO/'(llU. anel S. globulifcru in six-hour schedules, iotaling at lcast -+8 hours per species.The pollinaiors wcre groupecl into nine groups 1) Small- to miclcllc-sizecl bees (> 2.5 em): 21 Large bces (:::::2.5 em):3) Wasps: -+) Dipterans: 5) Lepidoterans: 6) Bcctles: 7) Passcriíorrncs: 8) Hummingbircls: 9) Other bircls.Pollen deposiiion raie was e1ifferent betwcen the two logging trcatrncnts when ali Lhe specics were anaiyzed togethcr.Scparatcly Lhe PD R of D. odonua was significantly higher in the loggeel [orest (F I II = -+.96; P = 0.05). whercasS. globllliIcm showecl the opposite response with significantly lower PDR at the loggeel sue (FI Il = -+.59: p = 0.05).For the remaining species, no significant elifference was detectcd (Figure 2). Conceming PPF, over ali species it wassignificantly lower in the LF than the \JLF (FI 4 = 5.7-+: p = 0.018), but single species analyses were not signincant.ln terms of poilinator acuvityj. copaia was visiied by srnall bees (e.g., Ccntns, ELlglossu), D. odoraui bv large bees(e.g., EpidlClris, BOlllb!ls, anel Eulacma), anel S. globlllifc/'a mainly by perching bircls. Also, C. gLliallcllsis was visited bymicrolepidopterans and stingless bees, whilc B. g!liallcllsis prescnted strong evielence of wind pollination. j. copaia,S. globLllifcm, and especially D. odorata, showed qualitative differences in lhe Irequency anel composition ofpollinator groups between logging trcatrncnts, which mal' affeet pollination efficiency. In LF, secondary pollinators50 Theme lI: Impacts of Animal-mediated Pollination on Gene Flowto). copuia (i.e., hummingbirels anel lcpidopterans) anel S. globulifera (i.e, other birds) declined. whereas inD. oáorata. large bee visits disappeared aíter logging while hummingbird visits incrcascd. In conc1usion, RILdespire lower visual irnpacts on lhe Iorest, allects pollination dynarnics, changing lhe cornposition af pollinatorguilcls. as wcll as Lhe pollination and Iertilizauon of surviving trccs.References[1 J Lcntini, ivl. et al. (2005) Fatos Florestais dLl AlllClZÔl1iu 2005. Irnazon, Bclérn.[21 Cascaruc, A.. ct al. (2002) COl1scn~Bio/. 16:136-H7.[31 Chazoul.j., CL al. (2001) Plant Eco/. 153:335-3-+5.1-+1Hcrrcnas-Diego, Y., ct al. (2006) Conser\'. Bio!. 20:1111-1120.[51 This studv was pari of Dcnelrogcnc projeci: Cenctic Conscrvaiion in \tlanageel Forests in Amazonia. carricd outby Embrapa Easicrn Amazon anel institutional partncrs. through Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC) anelDcparuncnt for lrucrnationa] Developmcnt (DFID).Figure 1. Flowersand pollinators ofDipteryx odorata (Do).Jacaranda copaia (Jc),Symphonia globulifera (Sq).Bagassa guianensis (8g),and Carapa guianensis (Cg)at the Tapajós NationalForest, 8razil.LFFigure 2. Pollen depositionrate of Jacaranda copaia (Jc),Dipteryx odorata (Do).Carapa guianensis (Cg),Symphonia globulifera (Sq],and Bagassa guianensis (8g)in non-Iogged (NLF) andlogged forest (LF) at theTapajós National Forest, 8razil.'0NLF3C20. --_ .._- -- ----Jc Do C9 S9 89 Jc Do C9 S9 89Tree speciesThcme 11:lmpacts of Animal-mediated Pollinaríon on Gene Flow 51

Reduced impact logging and its effects on the pollination of Amazonian trees.

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Reduced impact logging and its effects on the pollination of Amazonian trees.

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