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ANTUNES, I. F.

BEVILAQUA, G. A. P.

EICHHOLZ, C.

FEIJÓ, C. T.

GREHS, R. C.

PIEGAS, B. N.

RIBEIRO, L. S.

Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa

COMMON BEAN KEEPERS AND CULTIVAR DIVERSITY AT TERRA INDÍGENADO GUARITA INDIAN RESERVE IN BRASILCristiane Tavares Feijó" Irajá Ferreira Antunes2, Gilberto A. PeripoIli Bevilaqua2, RaulCelso Grehs2, Claiton Eichholz" Beatriz Neves Piegas2 and Luciane Soares Ribeiro·IUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas,RS,Brasil2Embrapa Clima Temperado, Caixa Posta1403, CEP 96001-970, Pelotas, RS, Brasil;*Corresponding author: iraia.antunes@cpact.embrapa.brLately the role of genetic variability and species diversity has been stressed as a valuable supporttowards food safety (Bevilaqua and Antunes, 2008). The common bean (Phaseolus vulgarís) is astaple food for the -Brazilian people, mainly for the low income classes. The species is reach inimportant nutrients like calcium, iron, proteins and vitamins as like those of the B complexoIndigenous populations constitute one of the most traditional human groups that make use ofcommon beans as food, originally located in the South and Meso Americas. For these groups,common bean represents an important energy source for daily activities as fishing, hunting andagricultural practices.Embrapa Temperate Climate, located in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, hasbeen conducting studies directed to characterize and preserve landrace germplasm of differentcrop species. One of the key elements in the landrace germplasm context is the so called"guardião", the seed keeper. "Guardiões" can be identified among the indigenous populations,and play a paramount role in the maintenance ofbiodiversity.In order to identify indigenous Guardiões and characterize the crop and cultivarvariability, Embrapa Temperate Climate in a joint venture with Tenente Porteia municipality -Brazil, conducted a work at the Terra Indígena do Guarita Indian reserve. The present papershows results obtained in relationship to the common bean.MATERIALS AND METHODSField work was carried out in the January-March 2012 period at the Terra Indígena do Guaritaindian reserve (TI), located in Northwestem Rio Grande do Sul State. The indigenous"Guardiões" were identified from a meeting comprehending the Tenente Portela Agriculture andthe Environment Departments staff members, the Embrapa Temperate Climate common beanresearch staff and the indigenous representatives. Following this meeting, it was delivered aspeech to the indigenous group on the goals of the research project which have been officiallyregistered. A semi-structured quest was submitted to the Guardiões and the crop and cultivarinventories were built. Twelve Guardiões' families located at the Pedra Lisa, Linha Esperança,Três Soitas and Km 10 sectors of the TI were consulted. For sake of clarity, "Guardiões" areconsidered those farmers that keep their seeds for a long period of time, even for generations.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONResults show that alI the twelve families consulted are common bean keepers. Ten cultivars wereidentified, namely, preto, carioca vermelho, carioca branco, amarelinho precoce, taquara, graúdoprecoce, mouro, mouro graúdo, preto taquara and azulão. Another important factor detected, wasthe existence of genetic erosion. It has been found that the cultivars carioquinha vermelho,carioquinha branco, enxofre, lentilha, carioca vermelho graúdo and chumbinho were lost.Among the causes for the losses drought is considered as the main one.Besides common bean, maize and cassava are important crops for food:- Cassavaproduction however has been below the needs, also due to droughts. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.) and sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) are also crops used for food by the indigenouspeople at TI. The proportion of common bean and maize consumption among the indigenouspeople at TI are shown in Figure 1.Maize and Common BeanConsumptionFigure 1: Common bean and maize consumption of indigenous families at Terra Indígenado Guarita Indian reserve-All indigenous Guardiões are common bean keepers.-Common bean constitutes the most important food source for the TI people.-The detected existence of common bean cultivar genetic erosion, being drought as themain cause, justifies the need for collection and maintenance of the landracegermplasm.REFERENCEBEVILAQUA, G.A.P.; ANTUNES, I.F. Agricultores guardiões de sementes e odesenvolvimento in situ de cultivares crioulas. 2008. Artigo em Hypertexto. Disponível em:<http://www.infobibos.com/Artigos/2008_4/guardioes/index.htm> . Acesso em: 3/7/2011.

Common bean keepers and cultivar diversity at Terra Indigena do Guarita Indian reserve in Brasil.

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Common bean keepers and cultivar diversity at Terra Indigena do Guarita Indian reserve in Brasil.

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