ANTUNES, L. E. C.

CARPENEDO, S.

VIZZOTTO, M.

English

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to determine sensitivity or tolerance of strawberry genotypes to Phy-tophthora cactorum, Verticillium dahliae, Colletotrichum acutatum,Sphaerotheca macularis, and Tetranychus urticae. On an annual basis,we characterize sensitivity and tolerance/resistance of a wide range ofstrawberry genotypes to specific plant pathogens and pests. In conduct-ing genetic screens for tolerance/sensitivity soilborne plant pathogens,it is essential that the experimental site be free of soilborne pathogens:this can only be accomplished with a highly effective soil fumigant suchas MBCP. Typically, our genetic screens involve about 50 cultivars andadvanced selections for which yield and fruit quality have been well-documented. Replicate plots of infected and non-infected control plantsenable comparisons of growth and vigor or other plant attribute. Thistype of information is useful to growers in selecting the most appropriatecultivars for the particular disease situations in their fields, and is usefulfor the breeders in selecting disease-resistant selections and cultivars.Aeroponic Culture by Root Spray of Nutrient Solution forSetting Plants Production of Strawberry through Runner-cuttingYoung-Bok Leel, Sang-Sook Park2, Gi-Ho Song2, Jong-Dae Park2,Sang-Gu Park2, and Yong-Sik Park2, lDepartment of Horticulture, Chun-gnam Nat'l University, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-764 Korea; 2Nol1san Ag-ricultural Technology Center, Nonsan 320-862 Korea; yblee@cnu.ac.krAeroponics was attempted to produce the nursery plants of strawberryfrom cuttings of runner plant by spraying with an atomized nutrient solu-tion on the root zone. The cutting benches were built in two stairs andtwo Styrofoam containers in a stair. The Styrofoam boards with holes of4 cm diameter were placed on top of the containers. The runner plants ofstrawberry were separated from the mother plants and stored at l±loC.After 3 days of storage, the unrooted runner plants were put into theholes of the Styrofoam boards in a 38%-shading plastic house of southernexposure. For the early 10 days, the cutting benches were covered withpolyethylene film and white nonwoven fabric to keep relative humidityin the shade and underground water sprayed. Thereafter the Yamaza-ki's nutrient solution was sprayed for 2 minutes at 30 minutes interval.The survival ratio of runner plants was higher at the shady low-stair ofthe north bench of low illuminance. Roots emerged in 3 days after cut-ting and the new daughter plants were well-rooted and established forfield transplanting. After 85 days, the fresh weight of daughter plantswas much greater as 7.4 g or more and the average diameter of crownwas about 7.7 mm from the plants grown at the north bench. The chlo-rophyll content of new third leaves was more than 37 as SPAD value(Konica Minolta) without relation of the bench position. The daughterplants grown using aeroponics were planted and cultured by drip-irri-gation of Yamazaki's solution in a greenhouse. Approximately 98% ofthe daughter plants survived after transplanting. Aeroponic roots werenot susceptible to wilting and leaf loss, or loss due to transplant shock.Molecular Map of Fragaria virginiana, Progenitor ofCultivated StrawberryKim S. Lewersl, Rachel B. SpiglerZ, and Tia-LynnAshman2, lUSDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave.,Beltsville, MD, 20705; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Universityof Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260; Kim.Lewers@ars.usda.govRecent efforts to genetically map octoploid strawberry species in-cluded attempts to associate the resulting linkage groups (28 expected)with the seven linkage groups identified in diploid strawberry maps. Herewe present one such genetic map, created from a mapping populationderived from a cross between two Fragaria virginiana clones. Othergenetic maps have been generated from octoploids Fragaria chiloensisand the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria xananassa. In each case, sim-ple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers used in efforts to creategenetic maps of both diploid and octoploid species were also used toassemble octoploid linkage groups into seven homeologous groups, ieseven sets of four linkage groups that are thought to each have been evo-lutionarily derived from one of the seven diploid linkage groups. Thiswas possible, partly because many of the SSR markers were presentin two or more octoploid linkage groups. Since many of these mark-ers were derived from expressed genes, it can be assumed that severalof the traits important in the cultivated strawberry could be affected bymore than one locus in some populations. Strawberry breeders attempt-ing to manipulate such traits can expect that some breeding populationswill segregate at one locus and others will segregate at multiple loci.Other breeding populations may be examples of the classic allelism testin which a cross of two parents with a desired trait results in a popula-tion of no progeny with the desired trait. Because the octoploid home-ologous groups are fairly easy to determine, the diploid linkage groupsand genomic sequence should be useful as a source of markers to testwhen attempting to discover markers associated with traits of interest.Strawberry Yield of North American Varieties inNonfumigated Fields in South BrazilLuis Eduardo Correa Antunes l, Silvia Carpened02 , and MarciaVizzottol, Dr. PQ/CNPq, Embrapa Temperate Climate, Pelotas, RS.;2Agr. Eng., Graduate student of Federal University of Pelot as FAEMIUPPel, scholarship by CNPq; luis.eduardo@cpact.embrapa.br;s.carpenedo@hotmail.comThe goal of this work was evaluated the yield and quality of strawberryvarieties in nonfumigated fields looking for the most promising to producein the southern Brazil region. The cultivars studied were Camarosa, Dia-mante, Aromas, Ventana, Albion, Camino Real, Earlibrite, Festival andSabrosa. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Temperate Climate,Pelotas, RS, Brazil, where the plants were cultivated under low tunnelssystem in double rows and nonfumigated soil. The plantlets were import-ed from Chili and Argentine nurseries being planted in July 2009. Week-ly, from September until December, strawberries were harvested in eachplot and were evaluated regarding to fresh weight fruit, number of fruit,yield, diameter and misshape. The experimental designer was random-ized blocks with four repetitions being the experimental unit composedfor 12 plants. All cultivars had the same behavior regarding the produc-tion cycle with the peak production in November. Cultivars Florida Fes-tival and Camarosa had the highest yield and highest number of fruit perplant, while the other cultivars showed the highest fresh weight of fruits.Preliminary Genetic Analysis of Multiple Traits in theUniversity of Florida Strawberry ProgramLuis F. Osorio, Vance M. Whitaker, and Tomas N. Hasing, Universityof Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 14625 CR 672,Wimauma, FL 33598; lfosorio@ufl.eduImproving strawberry yield, quality traits and resistance to pests anddiseases requires estimation of genetic parameters of the traits of interestto determine the best breeding strategies and to predict genetic gains. Afield research trial to estimate genetic parameters for several morphologi-cal and physiological traits was established at the Gulf Coast Researchand Education Center (GCREC) in Balm, FL, in Oct. 2009. Seven controlpollinated families, corresponding to the crossing of one wild selectionand 10 advanced selections from the University of Florida, representinga total of 633 genotypes, were tested in a randomized complete blockdesign with four clonal replications. Narrow sense heritability (h2) andbroad-sense heritability (IF) were calculated for each trait and clonal ge-notypic (and phenotypic) correlations were estimated among all pairs oftraits.Narrow-sense heritabilites (h2 = 0.22-0.45) and broad-sense herita-bilites (IF = 0.22-058) were low to moderate for the majority of traitsmainly due to the presence of substantial additive variance, indicatingthe potential for making gains in future cycles of breeding. Other traitssuch as soluble solids, titratable acidity and proportion of misshapenfruit, showed no additive variance suggesting that improvement of thesetraits should be made by selecting superior individuals from clonal trials.Genotypic correlations were low for most pairs of traits (rg < 0.25), low tomoderate for a few (rg = 0.32-0.45) and high (rg = 0.78) for early market-able weight and total marketable weight. The phenotypic correlation be-tween early marketable weight and total marketable weight was also high(rp = 0.66) suggesting that early yield is a good predictor of total yield.A low negative genotypic correlation (rg = -0.17) was observed betweenthe total number of flowers and the total number of runners but a moder-ate negative correlation (rg = -0.40) was found between the latter traitand open canopy architecture. Genotypic correlations between diseasesand other traits tended to be low but the correlation between botrytisand early marketable weight (rg = 0.41) was moderate and decreasedfor the whole season (rg = 0.29). These genetic parameters are prelimi-nary but provide valuable information for the breeding program at theUniversity of Florida. More precise estimates are under way from trials,planted in 2010, testing larger populations replicated across locations.

Strawberry yield of north american varieties in nonfumigated fields in south Brazil.

http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/900317/1/Digitalizar0025.pdf

Strawberry yield of north american varieties in nonfumigated fields in south Brazil.

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