Concept of basal stimulation in seniors with utilization of psycho-biographical model of care of Erwin Böhm.

Abstract

Basal stimulation is a pedagogical and nursing concept supporting development in people with short-term or long-term limitations of perception, communication and movement. Within the concept of basal stimulation, nursing care is structured so as to support preserved abilities of an elderly patient. The aim of basal stimulation is to understand the needs of an elderly patient, adapt to his/her communication style, give him/her space for orientation and development of his/her personality. The model assumes work with biography, which is the cornerstone of psychobiographical care model. The model is a great asset for nursing care, especially its positive effect on the actual elderly patient since the model sees him/her as a person with one's own biography.The aim of the study was to determine how Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model is used within the concept of basal stimulation. Another aim was to find out whether nurses actively work with Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model and how nurses can take medical history according to Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model. Furthermore, the following research questions were posed: How can nurses work with Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model? How do nurses take medical history from patients according to Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model? How is the concept of basal stimulation used in homes for the elderly?Qualitative research using the in-depth interview method was used in order to carry out the research part. All interviews were recorded on a tape recorder and then transcribed verbatim without linguistic adjustments. The research was conducted in homes for the elderly of Saint Zdislava and Saint Anne. Subsequently, transcribed interviews were processed by open coding technique, using the paper and pencil method. Individual categories and subcategories were created based on the generated codes. In total, 8 categories were indentified. Everything is shown in clear diagrams for each category.The research shows that the respondents have very good knowledge of and experience with the concept of basal stimulation. An interesting finding was that the respondents can apply the concept of basal stimulation in nursing care very well and can themselves choose appropriate techniques of basal stimulation. The results were not so surprising for Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model. The respondents have limited information about and experience with this model. The research also shows that the respondents take biographical anamnesis well and can work with it. All respondents agreed that the collection of biographical anamnesis is one of the most important aspects in biography.The research shows that the respondents have general knowledge of basal stimulation and biographical anamnesis. On the other hand, the respondents lack experience with Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model. Given the lack of literature about Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model, the output of this Bachelor's thesis will be a brochure on Erwin Böhm's psychobiographical care model. The brochure should provide nurses with sufficient information about