This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of level and evolution of food consumption in Czech Republic in last twenty five years. It characterizes fundamental evolution trends in food consumption in wider socioeconomic context. It analyzes development of food consumption in terms of price-consumption interaction and also in terms of income-consumption interaction. It describes changes of business environment with emphasis on final stages of vertical food chains. It also describes structural changes in retail network and growth of market power of multinational retail chain on Czech market. This paper also determines factors, that influences consumer behavior while buying food products and describes new trends of food consumption