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Research Papers in Economics

page  1
Newsletter   1
April – May, 2008 BRASIL & AFRICA NEWSLETTER
INTERNATIONAL POVERTY CENTRE Français/Português
The Brazil-Africa Cooperation Programme on Social Protection aims at promoting technical assistance from the Brazilian Ministry of
Social Development and Fight Against Hunger (MDS) to African countries in the development of social policies and programmes.
It is an initiative financed by the British Ministry for International Development and supported by the International Poverty Centre.
The Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP)
Ghana’s Livelihood
Empowerment Against
Poverty, the country’s
pilot cash transfer scheme,
developed with the
assistance of the Brazilian
government, should be
benefiting about 3,200
families in 20 districts
throughout the country
by June.
By the end of 2008, 15,000
families in 50 districts
should already be included.
Social Protection in Ghana
Along the second half of 2007, the Ministry
of Social Development and Fight against
Hunger took part in three technical missions
to Ghana to give assistance to the newest
and most significant Social Protection
Programme in this African country: the
Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP).
Ghana designed its National Social
Protection Strategy focusing on LEAP, which
is based on the Growth and Poverty
Reduction Strategy II (GPRS II) of the country.
The Programme starts with a 5-year pilot
experience in which the main components
are conditional and unconditional cash
transfers to orphans and vulnerable
children (OVC), the elderly above 65 years
old and the disabled. In the next five years,
the Programme aims at reaching about
160,000 families living in extreme poverty.
Last March, LEAP had already made its first
cash transfer, and by June, the Programme
should cover about 3,200 families in 20
districts throughout the country. By the end
of 2008 the Programme expects to cover
15,000 families in 50 districts.
Inspired by the Brazilian experience,
throughout 2007, the Programme
developed a Single Registry to help with
the integration of different social protection
initiatives in Ghana. The Programme, run by
the Social Welfare Department, is under the
coordination of the Ministry of Manpower,
Youth and Employment.  There are plans
for the creation of a Directorate of Social
Protection within that Ministry, which would
be an embryo of a future Ministry of Social
Development. Motivated by LEAP, the
Ministry’s current plan for institutional
strengthening includes the hiring of new
staff and training for all staff members.
A National Committee is also being created
to give guidance and manage this initiative.
Along the Pilot experience, the Social
Welfare Department expects to expand the
beneficiaries group, including extremely
poor farmers and subsistence fishermen
as well as people who are incapable of
working and those living with HIV/AIDS.
The selection of recipients will be made
through geographical targeting, combined
with an initial verification of the list of
beneficiaries by the community, the ranking
of likely recipients with indicators previously
selected and latter submission of the list of
the recipients to the community.
The amount paid by LEAP will be of GHC 8.00
(about US$ 8.00) and this amount may reach
up to GHC15,00 depending on the number of
beneficiaries in the family (max. of four). The
payments will be made every two months via
the country’s post offices. Through LEAP,
the Government expects to promote the
recipients’ access to other programmes which
target the most vulnerable.
The beneficiary families will be expected to:
• Enroll and keep all school-age children
in school;
• Register all members of the family in
the National Health Insurance Scheme;
• Register newly-born children (0-18
months-old) at the Registry of Births
and Deaths, take them to post-natal
clinics and enroll them in the Expanded
Immunization Programme;
• Prevent all children in the family
from children traffic and from being
involved in any of the Worst Forms
of Child Labour.page 2
Regional Experts Meeting
Investing in Social Protection in Africa
LEAP’s budget for the first year is
of US$ 8 million and it may be raised
up to US$ 26 millions by the fifth year.
Due to the investments in infrastructure,
cash transfers will represent only 22%
of the total budget during the first year.
Nonetheless, in the following years, cash
transfers will become the main expense
in the Programme (between 58% and
75% from the second to the fifth year).
From 2008 and 2012 the total cost of
the Programme should be between 0.1%
and 0.2% of the public expenses.
On Monitoring and Evaluation, the
programme might carry an initial
evaluation; a monitoring of the activities,
implementation and outcomes;
an evaluation involving beneficiaries;
operational audits and an independent
impact evaluation at the end.
The Ghanaian Government has shown
interest in continuing the cooperation
with the Brazilian Government, which
should take place through visits of
Ghanaian technicians to Brazil.
Brazilians are also interested in
receiving Ghanaian in a study tour
mission that should involve other
African governments.
Since early 2008, the African Union and
HelpAge International have been promoting
experts meetings in various countries in
Africa to discuss social protection. These
meetings are being organized as a means of
follow-up to the Livingstone and Yaounde
Calls for Action on Social Protection.
The Regional Conference of Livingstone,
Zambia took place in March 2006 and
gathered representatives of 13 African
countries – Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique,
Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe – as well
as Brazilian representatives, United
Nations agencies and NGOs. In this
meeting measures were discussed to
implement social protection policies in
Africa, emphasizing the need to
incorporate strategies of social
development to reach the Millennium
Development Goals up to 2015.
The efficacy of cash transfer programmes
to reduce poverty and inequality was also
discussed, as well as the availability of
financial resources to develop more social
programmes. The Declaration of
Livingstone calls the governments of
African countries for a greater interaction
and exchange of information and
experiences in the area of social protection
and cash transfer programmes.
Later, in September of the same year, the
International Workshop on Ageing took
place in Yaounde, Cameroon. In this
meeting, there were mainly discussions
related to the vulnerability situation
of the elders in Africa, as well as the
importance of this group in the care of
children in vulnerability situation which
became orphans due to HIV. From this
meeting, there was the Declaration of
Yaounde, which emphasized the importance
of fulfilling the recommendations
of the Declaration of Livingstone and
determining a series of measures to be
taken by the governments of African
countries to adopt social protection
systems focused on the elderly.
Following up on this work, last March, the
African Union and Help Age International
organized national meetings in six African
countries – Burkina Faso, Rwanda,
Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Cameroon and
Tunisia – in order to assess the situation of
social protection policies in each country.
The results obtained in this meetings were
the basis to start the discussion on social
protection investment in Africa in three
Regional Conferences, the East and
South in Uganda (April 28-30); the North,
in Egypt (May 13-14) and the West, in
Senegal (June 9-11).
The results obtained in the three Regional
Conferences will contribute for the first
Ministerial Meeting on Social Protection in
Africa, which will gather the Ministries
in charge of Social development in the
participating countries, in Namibia (October
2008). The Brazilian Minister of Social
Development and Fight Against Hunger,
Mr. Patrus Ananias was already invited to
join the meeting and contribute with the
process of development of the Continent.page  3
Brazilian Participation in the Regional Experts
Meeting in Uganda
The First Regional Experts Meeting on Social Protection in Africa took place in Kampala, Uganda between April 28th and 30th.
The meeting assembled representatives from Governments of 16 countries from Eastern and Southern Africa – Cameroon, Ethiopia,
Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe – and also international cooperation agencies, NGOs, international
organizations, representatives from the Brazilian government and experts from local and international institutions.
During the three days of the meeting, over 150 participants discussed the progress of African governments in the development of social
protection policies, emphasizing the need to take specific action to enable the implementation of these policies. There was further focus
on the need to sensitize the actors holding financial resources – Ministries of Finance – thus showing the importance of investing in
social protection for the development of the African continent as a whole.
Three representatives from the Ministry of Social Development and Fight Against Hunger from Brazil (MDS) took part in the meeting:
Bruno Câmara Pinto, Advisor of the Cabinet of the National Secretariat of Citizenship Income, José Cesar de Medeiros, Director of the
Department of Management of the Integrated Policy of the Secretariat of Food and Nutritional Security and Celso Augusto Rodrigues
Soares, expert from the General Coordination of the Management of Benefits. The MDS was also joined by Fábio Soares, researcher of the
International Poverty Centre. Experts from MDS explained the Programmes of the Ministry and also the Cooperation Programme with Africa,
further meeting the delegations of Mozambique, Kenya and Tanzania. Inspired by the meeting, MDS started to discuss the scope of the
Study Tour to Brazil which will probably take place in August and also the technical assistance which will be given to the partner countries.
Regional Experts Meeting in Egypt
The Regional Experts Meeting in Egypt
took place on May 13-14 and had the
participation of representatives from the
governments of Egypt, Tunisia, Liberia,
Algeria, Libya and Zambia. From the part
of the Programme, Melissa Andrade
(International Poverty Centre) attended
the meeting and informed the participating
countries about the Cooperation between
Brazil and Africa. The representative of the
government of Zambia, Bestone Mboozi,
invited to present the study case of the cash
transfer programme in the country, reported
that the programme is under assessment
and there is still not a definition about the
continuity of the pilot, due to the lack of
structure from the part of the government
to maintain the initiative.
The Social Protection Agenda in Northern
African countries looks more at social
security issues, different from Sub-Saharian
Africa, more focused on social assistance
policies. This region, indeed, has greater
chances of fulfilling the Millennium
Development Goals. All the presentations
of the meeting will be available in the
programme’s webpage to be launched in July.
Between June 9th and 11th, Senegal will host the third Regional Experts Meeting promoted by the African Union and which will
have representatives from the Ministry of Social Development, the Director of Cooperation and Development from the Brazilian
Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Mario Theodoro, the Coordinator of IPEA in the International Poverty Centre,
Milko Matijascic and Melissa Andrade, responsible for the programme at IPC. The Brazilian delegation will present the
mechanisms of the Social Protection System in Brazil, and will speak about the programme and the role of the International
Poverty Centre in facilitating the South-South Cooperation. In this meeting, Ghana will also be present, a country which was a
partner of Brazil in 2007 and will also join the new cycle of the programme. It is expected that there will be considerable interest
from the part of West Africa to know more about the Brazilian experience. From the Brazilian side, it will also be an excellent
learning opportunity about the reality of the continent.
Regional Experts Meeting in Senegalpage 4
Call for Publications
The Brazil-Africa Cooperation Programme on Social Protection involves the dissemination of
the experiences of Social Protection in African Countries in the format of Working Papers
of the International Poverty Centre. Thus, African governments and researchers in the area
are invited to submit their work to IPC and to help increase the debate and the level of
information available about Social Protection in Africa and the South-South Cooperation.
To view IPC’s publications on Sub-Saharan Africa:
http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/publications/cct/brazil/news_eng.pdf
Cooperation with Africa in the Media
The Cooperation with Africa has called the attention of the Brazilian media. In the week of April 14
th, this was the
theme of the TV programme ‘Brazil seen by IPEA’, where Mr. Ernesto Jeger from DFID and Melissa Andrade from IPC were
interviewed by Ricardo Wegrzynovskie. They reported about the Cooperation programme, the strategic work of DFID in
this area and the growing interest in the initiative. The magazine ‘Challenges of Development’ published by IPEA has
also put a spotlight on the cooperation and detailed the work supported by DFID. See more: www.ipea.gov.br
Seminar: Social Protection in Africa
On May 20th, the International Poverty Centre promoted the Seminar:
Social Protection in Africa: a mapping of the growing cash transfer
experiences in the continent delivered by Melissa Andrade. The study
presented was the result of a demand from the Brazilian Ministry of
Social Development to better understand the African reality.
The results of the mapping are already available in IPC’s website
and will be later published in the format of a Working Paper for
future reference of those interested in the Cooperation.
A Mapping of the Growing
Cash Transfer Experiences in
the Continent
Sharing Experiences
International Poverty Centre
SBS – Ed. BNDES, 10º andar
70076-900   Brasilia   DF
Brazil
povertycentre@undp-povertycentre.org
www.undp-povertycentre.org
Telephone   +55 61 2105 5000
The International Poverty Centre is jointly supported by the Brazilian Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA)
and the Bureau for Development Policy, United Nations Development Programme, New York.
Further information and contact of the Programme:
Melissa Andrade: 2105 5016, melissa.andrade@undp-povertycentre.org
Agenda of the Brazil-Africa Cooperation Programme on Social Protection:
•  Regional Experts Meeting in Senegal: June 9-11
•  Meeting Steering Committee: June 25
To view the presentation: http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/publications/cct/africa/Social_Protection_Africa.pdf

Social Protection in Ghana

http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCNewsletter1.pdf

Social Protection in Ghana

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Research Papers in Economics