Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) is a species that previously was not described formally and is regarded as an undetermined pest affecting buds of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener. This study evaluated material collected in 10 departments of Colombia where passion fruit crops constitute an important economic income. Data of geographical distribution and passion fruit crops associated with Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. are presented

Brochero, Helena L.

Castro, Angela

Ebratt, Everth

Korytkowski, Cheslavo

Spanish

LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas

Received for publication: 8 January, 2013. Accepted for publication: 5 June, 2013.1 Tibaitatá Research Center, Instituto Colombiana Agropecuario. Mosquera (Colombia). angelcasavi@gmail.com2 Entomology Program, Universidad de Panamá. Panama (Panama).3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogota (Colombia).Agronomía Colombiana 31(2), 253-256, 2013Dasiops luzestelae: a new species of the genus Dasiops Rondani (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) associated with passion fruit crops in ColombiaDasiops luzestelae: una especie nueva del género Dasiops Rondani (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) asociada a cultivos de pasifloras en ColombiaÁngela Castro1, Cheslavo Korytkowski 2, Everth Ebratt1, and Helena L. Brochero3ABSTRACT RESUMENDasiops luzestelae n. sp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) is a species that previously was not described formally and is regarded as an undetermined pest affecting buds of Passiflora edulis f. fla-vicarpa Degener. This study evaluated material collected in 10 departments of Colombia where passion fruit crops constitute an important economic income. Data of geographical distribu-tion and passion fruit crops associated with Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. are presented.Se describe a Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), especie previamente no descrita formalmente y registrada como plaga que afecta los botones florales de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener. Este trabajo comprendió el estudio de mate-rial proveniente de 10 departamentos de Colombia donde los cultivos de pasifloras constituyen ingresos económicos impor-tantes. Se presenta información sobre la distribución geográfica y cultivos de pasifloras asociados con Dasiops luzestelae n. sp.Key words: crop protection, McPhail traps, pest management, taxonomy.Palabras clave: protección de cultivos, trampas McPhail, manejo de plagas, taxonomía.SCiENTifiC NoTESintroduction In Colombia, passion fruit crops have been increasing and diversifying through several species, such as: Pas-siflora ligularis Juss 1805; Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims 1818; Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener 1932; Pasiflora tripartita var. mollissima Nielsen & Jorgensen 1988 and P. tarminiana Coppens & Barney 2001. Commercial produc-tion is mainly affected by flower bud or fruit infestation by flies belonging to the Dasiops genus: D. curubae Steyskal, D. caustonae Norrbom and McAlpine, D. inedulis Steyskal (Steyskal, 1980; Umaña, 2005; Chacón and Rojas, 1984; Ambrecht et al., 1986); D. gracilis Norrbom & McAlpine, D. yepezi Norrbom & McAlpine, D. plumeus McAlpine and D. saltans (Townsend) (Yepez and Velez, 1989; McAlpine, 1964; Norrbom and McAlpine, 1996). Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. is associated with passiflora agricultural systems, albeit without an official description. We reviewed specimens col-lected in the Valle del Cauca department associated with the passion fruit pest and previously determined as Dasiops sp. (Figueroa, 1977; Posada 1989). For this study thirteen specimens collected in McPhail traps baited with hydro-lyzed corn protein enriched with borax placed in passiflora crops in several locations in Colombia were included. The description of D. luzestelae n. sp. will contribute to inte-grated pest management strategies in passion fruit crops and allow for the association of biological and ecological aspects for this species in future studies.Materials and methodsBiological material was collected from June 2010 until Feb-ruary 2011. We visited orchard fields of at least 1 ha. Species of passion fruit included were: Passiflora ligularis (sweet passion fruit/granadilla), P. edulis f. edulis (purple passion fruit/gulupa), P. edulis f. flavicarpa (yellow passion fruit/maracuyá), P. tripartita var. mollissima and P. tarminiana (banana passion fruit/curuba). Orchards were selected by local growers and represented 10 departments of Colombia: Cundinamarca, Boyaca, Meta, Huila, Tolima, Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda and Valle del Cauca. According to the codification of the Departamento Admin-istrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), we assigned one code per orchard and recorded their location and altitude using a handheld GPS unit (Garmin HC Etrex Summit, Garmin International, Olathe, KS). We drew a sketch that defined the location of the McPhail traps and lines 254 Agron. Colomb. 31(2) 2013for each crop. This allowed us to define the specific loca-tion and the code for each bud or fruit crop harvested per department. Entomological material was recovered from the crops’ flower buds, fruits and McPhail traps. Vegeta-tive organs were placed in paper bags, labeled with field data and taken to Laboratorio Nacional de Diagnostico Fitosanitario, ICA, Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia). The fruits and flower buds were placed individually in plastic boxes containing sterile river sand and maintained under controlled conditions (20±5°C, relative humidity of 60%, and photoperiod of 12:12 light/darkness). After 10 d, all specimens were recovered and preserved in 70% ethanol.The description was based on morphological characteristics according to Korytkowski and Ojeda (1971), Korytkowski (1989), and Norrbom and McAlpine (1996). For the female genitalia, the folIowing terms are used for the ovipositor structure: tubular structure formed by the fusion of tergite and sternite of segment 7 for syntergosternite 7 and seg-ment 8 plus the cerci for aculeus. Several measurements and ratios were used: mesonotum length measured in the pleural view (length of scutum + scutellum); aculeus/me-sonotum ratio as aculeus length/mesonotum length; and aculeus width at mid-length. All these characteristics were measured with 80x magnification.The description included specimens attacking flowers buds on passion fruit crops collected in March 1973 in Ginebra, Valle del Cauca (type material); specimens recovered from vegetative organs in the field and specimens from McPhail traps collected in this study.Results and discussionWe collected 9146 wild females of Dasiops Rondani and thirteen specimens of Dasiops luzestelae n. sp were re-covered from McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed corn protein enriched with borax located at three localities: To-lima, Quindio and Cundinamarca. We did not find Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. attacking bud flowers or fruits on several Passiflora species sampled in all ten departments. Because the McPhail traps were placed in commercial orchards, we do not rule out the possibility that this species may be playing an important role as a pest of passion fruit crops. Dasiops luzestelae n. sp Korytkowski & CastroDiagnosisSmall flies, species with metallic blue front, moderately rugose; hyaline wings; aculeus: short, completely scleroti-zed, acute and smooth, with an expansion at its base near the eversible membrane (Fig. 1); aculeus length from 0.61 to 0.67 mm.Female description Head: the front is wider than higher (0.51-0.56 mm wide and 0.42-0.54 mm high); slightly rugous in 2/3 of the ven-tral (Figs. 1A and 2A), and somewhat depressed bellow the ocellar triangle, with a short pocked depression on each side at the same level of the lateral angles of the lunula (uppermost part of parafaciae); sides slightly expanded bet-ween eyes; reddish-brown orbits, no setulae in the orbital plates. Lunula: brownish, wider than higher, protruded in both sides and in the low ridge between them, with only four slender marginal setulae. A facia with wide and tiny carina at the middle dorsal. Parafaciae: moderately broad. Antennal segment wider, straight but expanded below into the genae. Genae slender, less than 1/4-1/5 of the eye height and with only two vibrissal setae. Third antennal segment ovoid; nearly two times as long as it is wide. Antennal arista relatively long-pubescent and with basal third yellowish. Eyes naked. Thorax: mesonotum with the usual chaetotaxy, black with dark-blue brightness; length 1.25-1.58 mm; presents 1 Pstg setulae and 2 pp setulae. Anaepisternum with 3 setulae an-terior and 4 marginal posterior ane (dorsal, one longer than others). Katepisternum with 1 ktpl. Prosternum without setulae. Legs: two basal segments of tarsi, yellowish. Wings: completely hyaline; vein CuP+1A enlarged ½ the distance to wing posterior margin. Callypterae: whitish margins and cilia; marginal cilia uniform in length and silky. Post-abdomen: Seventh syntergosternite 0.37-0.45 mm long. Eversible membrane with complete dorsal and ventral taeniae, 0.41-0.53 mm in length. Aculeus, short, 0.61-0.67 mm (Fig. 1B); aculeus/mesonotum ratio 0.414-0.488; acu-leus length/width ratio 0.046-0.075; completely sclerotized, expanded in its basis close to the eversible membrane; cerci (0.11-0.158 mm in length) fused to aculeus; apex acute (Figs. 1C and 2B).Type materialHolotype 1 ♀ (PMENT 142-2011). Colombia. Ginebra, Valle del Cauca, March 1973, Luz Stella Cobos coll (UNPRG 49-73). The specimen was mounted on a pin, and deposited at the Laboratorio de Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama city. Paratypes 13 ♀: same data as holotype. Eight specimens were fixed in 90% ethanol and five specimens were mounted on a pin. The specimens were deposited at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacio-nal de Colombia (code ICN 054966) and Laboratorio de 255Castro, Korytkowski, Ebratt, and Brochero: Dasiops luzestelae: a new species of the genus Dasiops Rondani (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) associated with passion fruit...Diagnóstico Fitosanitario, Instituto Colombiano Agrope-cuario – ICA; Mosquera (Colombia).Material examined. Colombia. 8♀ Tolima, Villa Rica, 3°56’17”N 74°33’29”W, 1708 masl, 02-Sep-2010; 10-Sep-2010; 2-Dec-2010; 24-Feb-2011. Purple passion fruit/gulupa (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims), Salamanca, J. and Martínez, O.; coll (ICN 054966); 2♀ Quindio, Montene-gro, 4°18’11” N, 75°28’16” W, 1295 m a.s.l., 9-Dec-2010. Sepúlveda, A.; coll.; 3♀ Cundinamarca, La Mesa, 4°40’1” N, 74°31’26” W, 845 m a.s.l., 22-Dec-2010, Yellow passion fruit/Maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener), Cubides, M.; coll. The D. luzestelae n. sp material was collected in a lower montane moist forest  and warm transitional montane moist forest according to the Holdridge life zones (1967), where McPhail traps were located. The original material was collected for the first time in 1973 from flower buds of the yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) and associated as a pest for this crop (Figueroa, 1977; Posada 1989). However, after one year of sampling, this fly was figURE 1. Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. A. Overview head; B. Aculeus. C. Apex of aculeus.figURE 2. SEM of Dasiops luzestelae n. sp. A. Overview head. B. Dorsal view of apex of aculeus.A BCA B256 Agron. Colomb. 31(2) 2013collected only in McPhail traps placed in passion fruit crops. Currently, the host association for D. luzestelae n. sp. is unclear. According to the aculeus structure, it is possible that this species infested flower buds as well as pollinated flowers in purple and yellow passion fruits. The descrip-tion of D. luzestelae n. sp. will contribute to integrated pest management strategies in passiflora crops and allow for the association of biological and ecological aspects for this species in future studies.EtymologyThe species is named after Luz Stella Cobos, who was the first to collect specimens of this species. The name was used in some Colombian literature although it was never officially described.AcknowledgmentsThis work was funded by Asohofrucol code TR-1305; the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA, and the Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogo-ta) through project “Ajuste, validación y transferencia de tecnologías de manejo fitosanitario de la mosca del ovario - Dasiops spp. (Díptera: Lonchaeidae), en cultivos de pasi-floras en Colombia”. Literature citedAmbrecht, I., M. Rojas, and P. Chacón. 1986. Biología de la mosca de los botones florales del maracuyá Dasiops inedulis (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), en el Valle Del Cauca. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 12(1), 16-22. Chacón, P. and M. Rojas. 1984. Entomofauna asociada a Passiflora mollisima, P. edulis f. fIavicarpa, P. quadrangularis en el de-partamento del Valle del Cauca. Turrialba 34(3), 297-311.Figueroa, A. 1977. Insectos y acarinos de Colombia. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Palmira, Colombia. Korytkowski, C.A. and D. Ojeda. 1971. Revisión de las especies de la familia Lonchaeidae en el Perú (Diptera: Acalyptratae). Rev. Peru. Entomol. 14 (1), 87-116.Korytkowski, C.A. 1989. Clave para especies Neotropicales del género Dasiops Rondani (Diptera: Lonchaeidae). Programa de Postgrado en Entomología, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panama.McAlpine, J.F. 1964. Descriptions of new Lonchaeidae (Diptera). Can. Entomol. 96, 661-700.Norrbom, A. and J.F. McAlpine. 1996. A revision of Neotropical species of Dasiops Rondani (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) attacking pasiflora (Passifloraceae). pp. 189-211. In: Memoir Entomologi-cal Society, Washington D.C. Posada, L. 1989. Lista de insectos dañinos y otras plagas en Colombia. Technical Bulletin No. 43. División de Disciplinas Agrícolas, Sección Entomología, ICA; Ministerio de Agricultura, Bogota. pp. 485-493.Steyskal, G. 1980. Two winged flies of genus Dasiops (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) attacking flowers of Passiflora (Passion fruit, Granadilla, Curuba). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 32(2), 166-170. Umaña, M. 2005. Moscas de la fruta del género Dasiops (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) asociadas a la curuba y recomendaciones generals para su manejo agroecológico en la vereda Cañón, municipio de Sutamarchán – Boyacá. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 31(1), 59-65.Yepes, R. and R. Vélez. 1989. Contribución al conocimiento de las moscas de la fruta (Tephritidae) y sus parasitoides en el depar-tamento de Antioquia. Rev. Fac. Agron. Medellín 42(2), 73-96.

Dasiops luzestelae: a new species of the genus dasiops rondani (diptera: lonchaeidae) associated with passion fruit crops in colombia

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Dasiops luzestelae: a new species of the genus dasiops rondani (diptera: lonchaeidae) associated with passion fruit crops in colombia

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