Dent, Geoffrey

Smith, Ewen

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Modern RamanSpectroscopyA PracticalApproachEwen SmithStrathclyde University, GlasgowGeoffrey DentIntertek ASG and UMIST, ManchesterJohn Wiley & Sons, LtdContentsPreface	 ixAcknowledgements	 xiCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION, BASIC THEORYAND PRINCIPLES	 11.1 Introduction	 11.2 Basic Theory	 21.3 Molecular Vibrations 	 81.4 Summary	 20CHAPTER 2 THE RAMAN EXPERIMENT — RAMANINSTRUMENTATION, SAMPLE PRESENTATION,DATA HANDLING AND PRACTICAL ASPECTSOF INTERPRETATION	 232.1 Introduction	 232.2 Choice of Instrument	 242.3 Visible Excitation 	 242.4 NIR Excitation	 302.5 Raman Sample Preparation and Handling 	 312.6 Sample Mounting Accessories 	 412.7 Microscopy	 452.8 Calibration	 512.9 Data Handling, Manipulation and Quantitation	 532.10 Approach to Qualitative Interpretation 	 612.11 Summary	 67CHAPTER 3 THE THEORY OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY 	 713.1 Introduction	 713.2 Absorption and Scattering	 723.3 States of a System and Hooke's Law	 743.4 The Nature of Polarizability and the Measurementof Polarization	 76vi	 Contents3.5 The Basic Selection Rule 	 803.6 Number and Symmetry of Vibrations 	 803.7 Symmetry Elements and Point Groups 	 823.8 The Mutual Exclusion Rule	 863.9 The Kramer Heisenberg Dirac Expression 	 863.10 Lattice Modes	 903.11 Conclusions	 91CHAPTER 4 RESONANCE RAMAN SCATTERING	 934.1 Introduction	 934.2 Theoretical Aspects	 944.3 Practical Aspects 	 1014.4 Examples of the Use of Resonance Raman Scattering 	 1034.5 Conclusions	 112CHAPTER 5 SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERINGAND SURFACE-ENHANCED RESONANCERAMAN SCATTERING	 1135.1 Introduction	 1135.2 Theory	 1165.3 Electromagnetic and Charge Transfer Enhancement	1175.4 Selection Rules	1215.5 Applications of SERS	1225.6 Applications of SERRS	1265.7 The Basic Method	127CHAPTER 6 APPLICATIONS	1356.1 Introduction	1356.2 Inorganics and Minerals	1356.3 Art and Archaeology	1436.4 Polymers and Emulsions	1436.5 Colour	 1496.6 Electronics Applications	 1586.7 Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications	1606.8 Forensic Applications	 1666.9 Plant Control and Reaction Following	 1676.10 Summary	 172CHAPTER 7 MORE ADVANCED RAMAN SCATTERINGTECHNIQUES	 1817.1 Flexible Optics	 1827.2 Tuneable Lasers, Frequency Doubling and Pulsed Lasers	1877.3 Spatially Resolved Systems	 189Contents	 vii7.4 Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy	 1917.5 Time Resolved Scattering	 1967.6 Raman Optical Activity 	 1987.7 UV Excitation	 1997.8 Conclusions	 201Index	 203

Modern Raman Spectroscopy: A Practical Approach

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