Adams, Charles M.

Hodges, Alan W.

English

Research Papers in Economics

 
 
PBTC 03-3 
 
 
VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE APALACHICOLA BAY MARINE 
ECONOMY 
 
By 
 
Alan W. Hodges and Charles Adams 
 
 
 
PBTC 03-3                                            March 2003 
POLICY BRIEF SERIES  
 
INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE 
AND POLICY CENTER 
 
 
MISSION AND SCOPE: The International Agricultural Trade and Policy Center (IATPC) was 
established in 1990 in the Food and Resource Economics Department (FRED) of the Institute of 
Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) at the University of Florida. Its mission is to provide 
information, education, and research directed to immediate and long-term enhancement and 
sustainability of international trade and natural resource use. Its scope includes not only trade 
and related policy issues, but also agricultural, rural, resource, environmental, food, state, 
national and international policies, regulations, and issues that influence trade and development. 
 
OBJECTIVES: 
 
 The Center’s objectives are to: 
 
•  Serve as a university-wide focal point and resource base for research on international 
agricultural trade and trade policy issues 
•  Facilitate dissemination of agricultural trade related research results and publications 
•  Encourage interaction between researchers, business and industry groups, state and 
federal agencies, and policymakers in the examination and discussion of agricultural 
trade policy questions 
•  Provide support to initiatives that enable a better understanding of trade and policy 
issues that impact the competitiveness of Florida and southeastern agriculture 
specialty crops and livestock in the U.S. and international markets  
 
VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE APALACHICOLA BAY MARINE 
ECONOMY 
 
Alan W. Hodges, PhD* and Charles Adams, PhD 
University of Florida, Food & Resource Economics Department, Gainesville, FL 32611 
*tel 352-392-1881 x312; email AWHodges@ufl.edu 
March 24, 2003 
 
 
Economic Characteristics of the Apalachicola Bay Region 
 
  The table below characterizes the economic structure and value of the Apalachicola Bay 
region, including Gulf, Franklin, Liberty and Wakulla Counties. Total economic output in 1999 
(expressed in year 2002 dollars), was $1.40 billion, with total employment of 17,336 jobs, and total 
value-added personal and business net income of $859 million. The largest economic sectors were 
manufacturing, services, finance/insurance/real estate, government, and construction, as is typical of 
the Florida economy in general.  
 
 
Output, Value Added and Employment of the Four County Area of Apalachicola Bay, Florida, by Major 
Industry Group, 1999* 
Industry Group  Industry 
Output 
Employ- 
ment (jobs)
Employee 
Compen- 
sation 
Proprietor 
Income 
Other 
Property 
Income 
Indirect 
Business 
Tax 
Total Value 
Added 
Agriculture 40.3 1,244.4 5.7 9.4 12.2 2.0 29.4
Mining 0.3 7.5 0.1 0.0 0.1  0.0 0.2
Construction 179.4 1,668.2 36.8 10.1 4.5 1.0 52.3
Manufacturing 155.2 963.1 46.1 6.3 7.8 1.3 61.6
Trans., Com., Public Utilities 124.6 638.0 19.9 4.8 39.1  10.1 73.9
Trade 135.4 3,320.7 57.3 3.0 20.0 18.3 98.6
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 364.0 1,175.4 82.8 7.4 135.5 27.9 253.6
Services 230.9 4,197.6 100.6 22.7 14.0 4.0 141.4
Government 167.9 3,936.5 130.9 0.0 15.7 0.0 146.6
Other 1.7 184.1 1.9 0.0 (0.2)  0.0 1.7
Totals 1,399.5 17,335.5 482.0 63.8 248.7 64.6 859.2
*Millions of dollars (deflated 2002) except employment.  
Source: Implan data for Florida counties, MIG, Inc., Stillwater, MN   
 
 
Value and Economic Impact of Commercial Fisheries in the Apalachicola Bay Region 
  
As an indication of the value of economic activity at risk due to disruption freshwater flows 
to the Apalachicola Bay estuary, below are tables and charts showing the volume and value of 
commercial fisheries landings at Apalachicola reported by National Marine Fisheries Service for 
1980-2001. As is evident in the chart, landing volumes and values fluctuate considerably from year 
to year. The average annual landings over the last past ten years were 7.3 million pounds, valued at 
$12.2 million. The key commercial species harvested in the region during 2001 were oysters (2.5 
million pounds) and shrimp (2 million pounds). The majority of oyster production in Florida (96%) 
occurs in the Apalachicola Bay region. The economic activity generated by harvesting, processing, 
and wholesale distribution of oysters and shrimp is an important source of economic activity in the  
 
region. 
The total economic impact of the seafood industry in the Apalachicola Bay region was 
estimated based on the annual dockside value of seafood landings averaged over the past 10 years, 
together with a regional economic model (Implan Pro) and base economic data for Florida counties 
(MIG, Inc.). This model enables estimation of the indirect effects of input purchased from other 
businesses, and induced consumer spending by industry employees, as well as the direct effect of 
raw seafood sales. The total output impact was $22.7 million, the total value added impact was $17.4 
million, and the total employment impact was 707 jobs. 
  
 
Economic Impacts of Seafood Landings in the Apalachicola Bay 
Region* 
Impact Measure  Direct Indirect  Induced  Total 
Output ($1000*)  13,695 1,203 7,833 22,731 
Value Added ($1000*)  11,829 628 4,957 17,415 
Employment (jobs)  575 16 117 707 
*Direct effect based on average value of landings during period 1991-2001, 
expressed in year 2002 dollars.  
 
 
Impact of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the Apalachicola Bay Region of Florida, 2000 
 
As an indication of the recreational value of marine and other natural resources in the 
Apalachicola Bay region, the following table summarizes the jobs, retail sales, total economic output, 
and number of permits or visitors in the four counties of Franklin, Gulf, Liberty, and Wakulla for 
year 2000, by type of recreational activity (hunting, freshwater fishing, saltwater fishing, wildlife 
viewing). The total economic impacts of all activities in the region include 3,361 jobs, $140 million in 
retail sales, $236 million in economic output, and 154 thousand visitors or permitted users. Saltwater 
fishing was by far the most important activity, representing about 86 percent of the output impacts, 
and Franklin County had the highest share of output impacts (40%).  
 
 
Impact of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the Apalachicola Bay Region of Florida, 2000, by Activity 
and County, 2000 
 Activity  Franklin  Gulf  Liberty  Wakulla  Total Four 
Counties 
Hunting  69 83 62 101 315
Freshwater Fishing  47 121 50 111 329
Saltwater Fishing  1,116 709 24 687 2,536
Wildlife Viewing  36 52 26 67 181
Jobs 
 
All Activities  1,268 965 162 966  3,361
Hunting  1,929 2,331 1,744 2,849 8,853
Freshwater Fishing  2,325 6,074 2,481 5,567 16,447
Saltwater Fishing  47,543 30,223 1,014 29,250 108,031
Wildlife Viewing  1,254 1,792 896 2,331 6,272
Retail Sales 
($1000) 
All Activities  53,052 40,421 6,134 39,997  139,604
Economic  Hunting  2,076 2,509 1,876 3,066 9,528 
 
Impact of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the Apalachicola Bay Region of Florida, 2000, by Activity 
and County, 2000 
 Activity  Franklin  Gulf  Liberty  Wakulla  Total Four 
Counties 
Freshwater Fishing  2,498 6,526 2,665 5,981 17,670
Saltwater Fishing  88,783 56,440 1,894 54,622 201,739
Wildlife Viewing  1,324 1,892 946 2,461 6,623
 
All Activities  94,682 67,367 7,381 66,131  235,561
Hunting  121 2  6
Freshwater Fishing  3 7 4 7 22
Saltwater Fishing  49 31 1 30 112
Wildlife Viewing  3 4 2 6 14
Number 
Permits or 
Visitors 
(1000) 
 
All Activities  57 44 8 45  154
Source: David Harding (Fla. FWCC), Southwick & Associates, USFWS.  
Note: County level data were estimated from 1996 USFWS survey of hunting, fishing and wildlife watching, 
restated in year 2000 dollars using the consumer price index, and adjusted for growth in county population and 
number of permits.  County data may have low reliability because the survey sampling was designed to provide 
statistical estimates at the state level. 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Fisheries Landings at 
Apalachicola, FL, 1981-2001 
Year Volume   
(Millions Pounds) 
Value  
(Millions  Dollars)
1981 12.0 12.3
1982 9.0 10.2
1983 10.8 14.1
1984 10.8 13.2
1985 10.0 12.4
1986 9.0 12.4
1987 10.5 13.8
1988 5.4 7.0
1989 5.8 7.8
1990 5.0 7.5
1991 5.8 11.6
1993 12.6 7.9
1994 8.3 22.4
1995 4.7 10.2
1996 6.5 14.1
1997 5.6 12.3
1998 6.4 10.7
1999 6.8 10.3
2000 10.3 11.4
2001 6.2 10.9
Source: National Marine Fisheries Service    
  
 
 
 
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1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994 1996 1998 2000
Millions of Pounds
Millions of Dollars 
Commercial Fisheries Landings at Apalachicola, FL, 1981-2001
Source: National Marine Fisheries Service
 

Values Associated with the Apalachicola Bay Marine

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