Gidley, Phil

Jahnke, Annika

Mayer, Philipp

Mäenpää, Kimmo

Nørgaard Schmidt, Stine

Schäfer, Sabine

Witt, Gesine

Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) reaching the aquatic environment are largely stored in sediments. The risk of contaminated sediments is challenging to assess since traditional exhaustive extraction methods yield total HOC concentrations, whereas freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) govern diffusive uptake and partitioning. Equilibrium sampling of sediment was introduced 15 years ago to measure Cfree, and it has since developed into a straightforward, precise and sensitive approach for determining Cfree and other exposure parameters that allow for thermodynamic assessment of polluted sediments. Glass jars with µm-thin silicone coatings on the inner walls can be used for ex situ equilibration while a device housing several silicone-coated fibers can be used for in situ equilibration. In both cases, parallel sampling with varying silicone thicknesses can be applied to confirm valid equilibrium sampling (method incorporated QA/QC). The measured equilibrium concentrations in silicone (Csil) can then be divided by silicone/water partition ratios to yield Cfree. CSil can also be compared to CSil from silicone equilibrated with biota in order to determine the equilibrium status of the biota relative to the sediment. Furthermore, concentrations in lipid at thermodynamic equilibrium with sediment (Clip?Sed) can be calculated via lipid/silicone partition ratios CSil × KLip:Sil, which has been done in studies with limnic, river and marine sediments. The data can then be compared to lipid-normalized concentrations in aquatic organisms or to regulatory thresholds. Finally, CSil can also be converted into chemical activities (a), which express the energetic level of the chemicals, drive several spontaneous processes and are well linked to the potential for baseline (mixture) toxicity. This overview lecture will focus at the latest developments in equilibrium sampling concepts and methods. Further, we will explain how these approaches can provide a new basis for a thermodynamic assessment of polluted sediments

Online Research Database In Technology

Equilibrium sampling for a thermodynamic assessment of contaminated sediments - DTUOrbit (08/11/2017) Equilibrium sampling for a thermodynamic assessment of contaminated sedimentsHydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) reaching the aquatic environment are largely stored in sediments. The risk ofcontaminated sediments is challenging to assess since traditional exhaustive extraction methods yield total HOCconcentrations, whereas freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) govern diffusive uptake and partitioning. Equilibriumsampling of sediment was introduced 15 years ago to measure Cfree, and it has since developed into a straightforward,precise and sensitive approach for determining Cfree and other exposure parameters that allow for thermodynamicassessment of polluted sediments. Glass jars with µm-thin silicone coatings on the inner walls can be used for ex situequilibration while a device housing several silicone-coated fibers can be used for in situ equilibration. In both cases,parallel sampling with varying silicone thicknesses can be applied to confirm valid equilibrium sampling (methodincorporated QA/QC). The measured equilibrium concentrations in silicone (Csil) can then be divided by silicone/waterpartition ratios to yield Cfree. CSil can also be compared to CSil from silicone equilibrated with biota in order to determinethe equilibrium status of the biota relative to the sediment. Furthermore, concentrations in lipid at thermodynamicequilibrium with sediment (Clip?Sed) can be calculated via lipid/silicone partition ratios CSil × KLip:Sil, which has beendone in studies with limnic, river and marine sediments. The data can then be compared to lipid-normalized concentrationsin aquatic organisms or to regulatory thresholds. Finally, CSil can also be converted into chemical activities (a), whichexpress the energetic level of the chemicals, drive several spontaneous processes and are well linked to the potential forbaseline (mixture) toxicity. This overview lecture will focus at the latest developments in equilibrium sampling conceptsand methods. Further, we will explain how these approaches can provide a new basis for a thermodynamic assessment ofpolluted sediments. General informationState: PublishedOrganisations: Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Chemistry, USACE-ERDC, University of EasternFinland, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, German Federal Institute of Hydrology, Stockholm UniversityAuthors: Mayer, P. (Intern), Nørgaard Schmidt, S. (Intern), Mäenpää, K. (Ekstern), Witt, G. (Ekstern), Schäfer, S. (Ekstern), Gidley, P. (Ekstern), Jahnke, A. (Ekstern)Number of pages: 1Publication date: 2015Event: Abstract from SETAC North America 36th Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.Main Research Area: Technical/natural sciencesPublication: Research - peer-review › Conference abstract for conference – Annual report year: 2015 

Equilibrium sampling for a thermodynamic assessment of contaminated sediments

                       General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.  • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal   If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.     Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Nov 08, 2017Equilibrium sampling for a thermodynamic assessment of contaminated sedimentsMayer, Philipp; Nørgaard Schmidt, Stine; Mäenpää, Kimmo; Witt, Gesine; Schäfer, Sabine; Gidley, Phil;Jahnke, AnnikaPublication date:2015Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Mayer, P., Nørgaard Schmidt, S., Mäenpää, K., Witt, G., Schäfer, S., Gidley, P., & Jahnke, A. (2015).Equilibrium sampling for a thermodynamic assessment of contaminated sediments Kgs. Lyngby: TechnicalUniversity of Denmark, DTU Environment. [2D/3D (physical products)]. SETAC North America 36th AnnualMeeting, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 01/11/2015See	discussions,	stats,	and	author	profiles	for	this	publication	at:	http://www.researchgate.net/publication/283720827Equilibrium	sampling	for	a	thermodynamic	assessment	ofcontaminated	sedimentsCONFERENCE	PAPER	·	NOVEMBER	2015READS647	AUTHORS,	INCLUDING:Philipp	MayerTechnical	University	of	Denmark153	PUBLICATIONS			3,283	CITATIONS			SEE	PROFILEKimmo	MäenpääUniversity	of	Eastern	Finland25	PUBLICATIONS			239	CITATIONS			SEE	PROFILEAvailable	from:	Philipp	MayerRetrieved	on:	16	December	2015Equilibrium sampling for a thermodynamic assessment of contaminated sediments  Philipp Mayer1, Stine N. Schmidt1, Kimmo Mäenpää 2, Gesine Witt 3, Sabine Schäfer4, Phil Gidley5 & Annika Jahnke6 1Technical University of Denmark, 2University of Eastern Finland, 3Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany, 4German Federal Institute of Hydrology, 5 USACE-ERDC, USA & 6Stockholm University, Sweden (now UFZ, Germany) F. Reichenberg & P. Mayer, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25, 1239-1245. Classical extraction Equilibrium sampling device (ESD) 1) Matrix-SPME with disposable fibers (2000) 1. Equilibrate thin polymer with sample     Mayer et al, ES&T, 2000, V 34: 5177-5183  Mayer et al., ES&T, 2003, V37: 184A-191A  kCounts2.01.51.00.5kCounts54321Hexachlorobenzene02550751000.00.51.01.52.0kCountskCountsFluFlu32.531.0minutes0.02.55.07.510.012.515.0PCB-52PCB-65PCB-52PCB-65kCounts0.000.250.500.751.001.251.50kCountsHexachlorobenzene28.02. Measure CPDMS   3. Cfree=CPDMS/KPDMS,water          2) Silicone coated vials (2008)  Coated vials with multiple coating thickness Benzo(a)pyrene0501000 10 20 30 40VPDMS (mL)n (pmole)Confirms: 1.  equilibrium 2.  negligible depletion 3.  no surface artefacts/abrasion Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW) •  in-situ deployment of sampler   • rinse with water and wipe dry • store fiber in GC injection liner    • insert fiber with automated injection liner exchange (ALEX)    • thermal desorption • MS identification/ quantification Sampling Sample preparation Analysis 3) PCB concentrations in polymer 𝐶polymer⇌s𝑒𝑑 can be converted into:  1) The effective concentration driving diffusion   𝐶𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒  (𝑔 𝐿−1) =𝐶polymer⇌𝑠𝑒𝑑  (𝑔 𝑘𝑔−1)𝐾𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑙:𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟  (𝐿 𝑘𝑔−1)   (since 2000)  2) The chemical activity (energetic state) driving equilibrium partitioning   𝑎  (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) ≅𝐶𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒  (𝑔 𝐿−1)𝑆𝐿  (𝑔 𝐿−1)    (since 2006)  3) The thermodynamic potential for bioaccumulation   𝑪𝒍𝒊𝒑⇌𝒔𝒆𝒅 (𝒈 𝒌𝒈−𝟏) = 𝑪𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐫⇌𝒔𝒆𝒅  (𝒈 𝒌𝒈−𝟏) × 𝑲𝒍𝒊𝒑:𝒑𝒐𝒍(𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈−𝟏) (since 2011)  Measurement endpoints of  Equilibrium Sampling  Case Studies focusing on  PCBs & 𝐶𝑙𝑖𝑝⇌𝑠𝑒𝑑  1) 2) 3) Prossen0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Cbio,lip (µg kg-1 lipid)050010001500200025003000BarbyClip    sed (µg kg-1 lipid)0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000050010001500200025003000Cumlosen0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000050010001500200025003000PCB 28PCB 52PCB 101PCB 118PCB 138PCB 153PCB 180y = 0.297xR2 = 0.921  y = 0.390xR2 = 0.997y = 0.327xR2 = 0.9271. ex situ equilibrium sampling of sediment from 10 locations in River Elbe (Germany) 2. Clipid-normalized in common bream from independent monitoring program  4) 1. Cross validation of two monitoring programs 2. Bioaccumulation in common bream tightly linked to 𝐶𝑙𝑖𝑝⇌𝑠𝑒𝑑    – R2 > 0.9  (linear scale!)  &  very similar slopes between sites   ET&C, 2015, V 34: 2463–2474 (DOI: 10.1002/etc.3099) Fate of polychlorinated biphenyls in a contaminated lake ecosystem: Combining equilibrium passive sampling of sediment and water with total concentration measurements of biota Kimmo Mäenpää, Matti Leppänen, Kaisa Figueiredo, Philipp Mayer, Dorothea Gilbert, Sirpa Herve, Annika Jahnke, Carmen Gil-Allué, Jarkko Akkanen, Inna Nybom, Auli Kostamo  5) ER-2431  Quantitative Thermodynamic Exposure Assessment (Q-TEA) Supporting Resilient Contaminated Sediment Site Restoration   USACE-ERDC (Lead): Todd S. Bridges, Philip T. Gidley, Guilherme Lotufo, Carlos Ruiz, Alan J. Kennedy,  DTU: Philipp Mayer, Stine Nørgaard Schmidt  Sediment Solutions: Upal Ghosh USA-EPA: Robert M. Burgess  Northeastern University: Loretta Fernandez,      Cross validation of equilibrium sampling 1. Coated jars produced at DTU & BfG 2. Equilibrium sampling of New Bedford sediment at BfG & ERDC 3. Instrumental analysis at BfG & ERDC   Conclusions and take home messages   Equilibrium sampling of sediments  – equilibrium sampling feasible even for PCBs – can yield Cfree, chemical activity & 𝐶𝑙𝑖𝑝⇌𝑠𝑒𝑑  𝐶𝑙𝑖𝑝⇌𝑠𝑒𝑑  – in all studies so far ≥ Clipid,normalized  – thermodynamic potential for bioaccumulation  Sediments have high PCB levels, not only in concentration but also thermodynamically!  Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by  • EU Commission (OSIRIS, NOMIRACLE & MODELPROBE) • Danish Council for Independent Research in Technology and Production Sciences (FTP)  • Swedish Research Council FORMAS • German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety  • German Research Council (DFG) • Academy of Finland • US Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) (14 ER03-035/ER-2431).     

http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/118914726/Equilibrium_Sampling_presentation_at_SETAC_Annual_meeiting_2015_in_Salt_Lake_City.pdf

Equilibrium sampling for a thermodynamic assessment of contaminated sediments

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Online Research Database In Technology

Online Research Database In Technology