Amaral, Vasco

Chaudron, Michel R. V.

Goulão, Miguel

Störrle, Harald

Modeling is a human-intensive enterprise. As such, many research questions related to modeling can only be answered by empirical studies employing human factors. The International Workshop Series on Human Factors in Modeling (HuFaMo) is dedicated to the discussion of empirical research involving human factors in modeling. Our goal is to improve the state of the science and professionalism in empirical research in the Model Based Engineering community. Typical examples of research questions might consider the usability of a certain approach, such as a method or language, or the emotional states or personal judgements of modelers. While concerned with foundations and framework support for modeling, the community has been somehow neglecting the issue of human factors in this context. There is a growing need from the community concerned with quality factors to understand the best practices and systematic approaches to assert usability in modeling and confirm the claims of productivity. This workshop creates a space for discussion being a get together of both MDE, Usability, Human Interfaces and the Experimental Software engineering community. HuFaMo expressly focuses on human factors, in order to raise the awareness for these topics and the associated research methods and questions in the modeling community, providing an outlet for research of this type, guaranteeing high quality reviews by people that apply these research methods themselves. Along with fully complete empirical evaluations, the workshop organizers explicitly encouraged researchers new to empirical methods to discuss study designs before conducting their empirical evaluations. The rationale was to create a constructive environment where the HuFaMo participants could contribute to improving the proposed study designs so that stronger (and more easily replicable) empirical designs and results can be obtained. Ultimately, we aim to congregate a community of researchers and practitioners that promotes (possibly independently replicated) empirical assessments on claims related to human factors in modeling

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V.; Amaral, Vasco; Goulão, MiguelPublished in:Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Human Factors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015)Publication date:2015Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Störrle, H., Chaudron, M. R. V., Amaral, V., & Goulão, M. (2015). First International Workshop on HumanFactors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015): Preface. In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on HumanFactors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015): Co-located with ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model DrivenEngineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2015) (pp. 1-3).  (CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 1522).First International Workshop onHuman Factors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015)(Preface)Harald Sto¨rrleDTU ComputeTechnical University of DenmarkLyngby, DenmarkEmail: hsto@dtu.dkMichel R. V. ChaudronChalmers University of Technologyand Gothenburg UniversityGothenburg, SwedenEmail: chaudron@chalmers.seVasco Amaral and Miguel Goula˜oNOVA LINCS, DI, FCTUniversidade NOVA de LisboaLisboa, PortugalEmail: vma@fct.unl.pt, mgoul@fct.unl.ptI. INTRODUCTIONModeling is a human-intensive enterprise. As such, manyresearch questions related to modeling can only be answeredby empirical studies employing human factors. The Inter-national Workshop Series on Human Factors in Modeling(HuFaMo) is dedicated to the discussion of empirical researchinvolving human factors in modeling. Our goal is to improvethe state of the science and professionalism in empiricalresearch in the Model Based Engineering community. Typicalexamples of research questions might consider the usabilityof a certain approach, such as a method or language, or theemotional states or personal judgements of modelers.While concerned with foundations and framework supportfor modeling, the community has been somehow neglectingthe issue of human factors in this context. There is a growingneed from the community concerned with quality factorsto understand the best practices and systematic approachesto assert usability in modeling and confirm the claims ofproductivity. This workshop creates a space for discussionbeing a get together of both MDE, Usability, Human Interfacesand the Experimental Software engineering community.HuFaMo expressly focuses on human factors, in orderto raise the awareness for these topics and the associatedresearch methods and questions in the modeling community,providing an outlet for research of this type, guaranteeing highquality reviews by people that apply these research methodsthemselves. Along with fully complete empirical evaluations,the workshop organizers explicitly encouraged researchers newto empirical methods to discuss study designs before conduct-ing their empirical evaluations. The rationale was to createa constructive environment where the HuFaMo participantscould contribute to improving the proposed study designs sothat stronger (and more easily replicable) empirical designsand results can be obtained. Ultimately, we aim to congregatea community of researchers and practitioners that promotes(possibly independently replicated) empirical assessments onclaims related to human factors in modeling.II. THE FIRST EDITION OF HUFAMOThe first edition of this workshop series (HuFaMo 2015)took place in Ottawa, Canada, in September 28, 2015. HuFaMo2015 was integrated in the ACM/IEEE 18th International Con-ference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems,the premier conference on systems and software modeling.In this first edition, HuFaMo attracted a considerable numberof participants, including researchers and practitioners. Therewere 24 participants, from 14 countries.The workshop included the discussion of 6 position papersand a working session on how to build up the HuFaMocommunity and leverage the synergies among participants.III. FORMAL PAPER PRESENTATIONSThe HuFaMo Program Committee selected 6 papers forpresentation in the workshop. Here, we briefly outline someof the main contributions of each of those papers.One of the important characteristics of modeling is that,in general, it is a collaborative endeavor which may involvestakeholders with different profiles. Empowering those stake-holders is, naturally, a key element for modeling success.Betty Cheng presented work on how to empower visuallyimpaired persons (VIPs) in modeling activities, so they canmore actively collaborate with other modelers [1]. She de-scribed the PRISCA project, which aims to facilitate thiscollaboration by generating a haptic 3D representation from aUML model while textual elements in the model are convertedto Braille. A key human factor addressed by this work is howto effectively communicate model information with VIPs (and,more generally, with people with other disabilities), so they canmore easily create a mental model of the models, facilitatingtheir active participation in the MDE process. The early resultsof this project, which provides an new interaction modewith modeling point to an improved model comprehensionexperience by VIPs.The usage of different modes of interaction with modelingtools is an important part of the holistic approach to supportmodeling and design activities, argued by Michel Chaudron,while presenting his teams vision of what a new generation ofsoftware design environments should be like [2]. Indeed, recenthardware improvements make feasible the introduction of newinteraction modes (e.g. voice, touch, eye focus, etc.) that cansignificantly enhance the user experience of the modelers.Software designers often collaborate using flexible media, suchas a whiteboard, to sketch models, perhaps using a combinationof different notations, including informal ones. These collab-orations and interactions include verbal discussions, whichcould be recorded and associated with the produced artifacts.1To support this vision, it is essential to integrate the artifactsproduced with different modes, notations, tools and platforms,so that they can potentially be transformed, reorganized andeven transferred to subsequent processing tasks. For example,a hand-drawn class diagram can be transformed to a formalclass diagram, and the audio of the discussion held whiledesigning this diagram could be associated to the formaldiagram, to provide traceability for the design rationale. Theclass diagram could then be used as a source for generating animplementation, and all this could be done while preservingtraceability links to the original artifacts.Selecting the most adequate modeling language for agiven purpose is essential to increase the productivity ofthe people involved in modeling. Grischa Liebel presented acontrolled experiment, performed with undergraduate students,comparing two alternative behavioral requirements modelinglanguages in terms of the comprehensibility of functionalrequirements they support [3]. The two languages, ModalSequence Diagrams and Timed Automata provided a similarlevel of comprehensibility, although the subjects using ModalSequence Diagrams answered significantly more questionsthan those than those using Timed Automata. As such, ifspeed or efficiency are a priority, Modal Sequence Diagramsmay be more adequate than Timed Automata. This is yet tobe confirmed with more experienced modelers, as differentprofiles may lead to significantly different results.Acknowledging the relevance of using the most adequateformalism for a given activity in software development maysometimes lead to the identification of the need for a new lan-guage, particularly if there is a perception that the current base-line solution introduces unnecessary accidental complexity. Aninstance of this scenario can be found in the construction of theHasselt domain-specific language, which combines textual andvisual models, and was created to facilitate the implementationof multimodal systems. Fredy Cuenca discussed an experimentto compare Hasselt with the baseline solution (implementationsin C#, in this case) [4]. Although the differences of thecollected completion times were not statistically significant,the subjective evaluation of participants shows they saw valuein the proposed models (in Hasselt).In order to really benefit from modeling activities, it isimportant to provide modelers with adequate tool support.Victor Guana presented an empirical study design aimedat evaluating developer performance, in terms of time andprecision, while using two different approaches (classical in-tegrated development environment vs. specialized traceabilityvisualizations for model transformation compositions) [5]. Theplanned experiment aims at two research questions: how devel-opers answer questions involving the discovery, filtering andsummarization of artifacts that constitute a model-based codegenerator, and whether they can perform these activities with abetter performance using tool supported interactive traceabilityvisualizations.Ultimately, the practitioners perception on the value ofmodeling is a key element for its successful adoption in in-dustry. Badreddin et al. performed a survey with undergraduateand graduate students from 3 universities, in Canada, Israel andthe United States of America, to assess their perception of thevalue of modeling as they progress in their studies [6]. Studentsperception on the value of modeling decreases, as they progresswithin their degree. In spite of this, graduate students do havea more favorable opinion of modeling than undergraduates,especially for communication, documentation, as well as toolavailability and readiness. This more favorable perception bygraduate students to the different kind of modeling tasks theytypically perform, which may be more suitable to modelingapproaches. In any case, the authors suggest further exploringthese perceptions, as this will provide insights that could bevaluable in reshaping the way modeling is taught.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to thank the authors who submittedtheir works to this first edition of the HuFaMo workshop,all the attendees of the workshop sessions, the PC memberswho reviewed the submissions, and the remaining organizationmembers.ORGANIZERSGeneral chairs:Harald Sto¨rrle, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkVasco Amaral, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PortugalMichel Chaudron, Chalmers University of Technology andUniversity of Gothenburg, SwedenPublication chair:Miguel Goula˜o, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PortugalPublicity chair:Ankica Barisˇic´, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PortugalWeb chair:Vlad Acretoaie, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkProgram Committee:Silvia Abraha˜o, Universidad Polite`cnica de Valencia, SpainLaura Beckwith, Configit UX, DenmarkFernando Brito e Abreu, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalHa˚kan Burden, Victoria ICT AB, SwedenMarcela Genero, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, SpainRegina Hebig, LIP6, Sorbonne Universite´s Paris, FranceEmilio Insfran, Universidad Polite`cnica de Valencia, SpainGeylani Kardas, Ege University, TurkeyGrischa Liebel, Chalmers and Gothenburg Univestity, SwedenMarjan Mernik, University of Maribor, Slovenia / Universityof Alabama at Birmingham, USALutz Prechelt, Freie Universitt Berlin, GermanyJean-Se´bastien Sottet, Luxembourg Institute of Science andTechnology (LIST), LuxembourgJuha-Pekka Tolvannen, MetaCase, Finland2REFERENCES[1] B. Doherty and B. H. C. Cheng, “UML Modeling for Visually-ImpairedPersons,” in First International Workshop on Human Factors in Modeling(HuFaMo 2015). CEUR-WS, 2015, pp. 4–10.[2] M. R. V. Chaudron and R. Jolak, “A Vision on a New Generationof Software Design Environments,” in First International Workshop onHuman Factors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015). CEUR-WS, 2015, pp.11–16.[3] M. T. Grischa Liebel, “Comparing Comprehensibility of Modelling Lan-guages for Specifying Behavioural Requirements,” in First InternationalWorkshop on Human Factors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015). CEUR-WS,2015, pp. 17–24.[4] F. Cuenca, J. V. den Bergh, K. Luyten, and K. Coninx, “Empirical Study:Comparing Hasselt with C# to Describe Multimodal Dialogs,” in FirstInternational Workshop on Human Factors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015).CEUR-WS, 2015, pp. 25–32.[5] V. Guana and E. Stroulia, “How Do Developers Solve Software-engineering Tasks on Model-based Code Generators? An EmpiricalStudy Design,” in First International Workshop on Human Factors inModeling (HuFaMo 2015). CEUR-WS, 2015, pp. 33–38.[6] O. B. Badreddin, A. Sturm, A. Hamou-Lhadj, T. Lethbridge, W. Dixon,and R. Simmons, “The Effects of Education on Students’ Perception ofModeling in Software Engineering,” in First International Workshop onHuman Factors in Modeling (HuFaMo 2015). CEUR-WS, 2015, pp.39–46.3

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