The objective of the paper is to underline the changes in occupational system in Romania, to present an empirical situation on occupied population on groups of occupations, revealing the importance of services sector. Based on this analyze, the study trieoccupations, occupational system, economy activities, services

MOISE MIHAELA

NAE TATIANA-ROXANA

English

Research Papers in Economics

451 
 
THE ASPECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEM IN ROMANIA FROM 
DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES PERSPECTIVE 
 
Nae Tatiana-Roxana 
Academy of Economic Studies from Bucharest, Faculty of Commerce, Romana Square, No.6, 
Commerce  Department,  Room  1402,  Bucharest,  Romania  E-mail:  nae.roxana@yahoo.com 
Phone number: 00421/3191900, int. 246, 260 
Moise Mihaela 
Academy of Economic Studies from Bucharest, Faculty of Commerce, Romana Square, No.6, 
Commerce Department, Room 1402, Bucharest, Romania E-mail: mihaela_moise@yahoo.com 
Phone number: 0766482044, 00421/3191900, int. 246, 260 
 
The objective of the paper is to underline the changes in occupational system in Romania, to present an 
empirical situation on occupied population on groups of occupations, revealing the importance of services 
sector.  Based  on  this  analyze,  the  study  tries  to  offer  possible  solutions  and  strategies  evolutions  of 
occupational system. 
 
Key words: occupations, occupational system, economy activities, services      
 
JEL Code: J21, J23, J44, L80 
 
Introduction 
In last couple of years there have been created jobs in financial services sector but we must take 
into account that a crisis (such as the present one) or the maturation of financial system may 
conduct to a diminution of working places in this domain. The theoreticians comment the fact 
that economies based on services present inequalities being gave the dichotomies that have been 
developed regarding the production and services sectors and regarding the knowledge intensive 
services and labour intensive ones. Researchers demonstrated that employment in service sector 
and the dimension of financial sector have great impact on metropolitan areas. Dichotomies
258 at 
services and commerce economy level generate high incomes when it is about superior echelons, 
especially from knowledge intensive services and those from production industry. 
 
1. The implications of transfer from industry to services  
Services sector can contribute in significant way to equilibration of labour force in conditions in 
which will be taking into account all implied factors in restructuring the economy. Labour force 
potential must be used without exaggerate in attempt to develop occupational structure because 
loss of effectiveness can take place. If society willingness for allocating financial resources in 
activities such as education, culture, health would be greater, their potential of creating new jobs 
would be rend profitable. 
The existence of a young labour force in the services sector may be an advantage, this being more 
inclined in accepting of new occupations, new occupation forms and labour organization. The 
transfer of the labour force from industry towards services it is recommended to be done starting 
from the strategy that will be relatively adapted to the roll that the industry will have as part of 
the economic complex. The studies published in a series of developed countries shows that, under 
the impact of the new technologies, the weight of population occupied in the industry could 
diminish (over 10% of the occupied population), outgoing labour force being absorbed by the 3
rd 
sector
259. Although knowing these implications, the main evolutions of the occupational system 
                                                       
258 Moller Stephanie, Rubin Beth A., The contours of stratification in service-oriented economies, Social Science 
Research Journal, vol. 37, nr. 4, 2008 
259  Petrescu  Barbu  Gh.,  Ocuparea  for ei  de  muncă  în  servicii,  Raporturi  de  muncă  (journal  edited  by  Tribuna 
Economică), nr.10, pag. 19-24,  2007  452 
 
in  latest  years  indicate  trends  that  are  contrary  to  European’s  and  worldwide,  problems  in 
allocating the labour force, witch leads to a slow rhythm in developing the society of knowledge. 
- the important reduction of labour force from the group of qualified workers, especially in 
branches with growth of work productivity potential and with value added; 
-  the  group  of  specialists  with  intellectual  occupations  grew  especially  in  nonproductive 
branches; 
- the diminishing of employed population in the sector of agriculture has taken place due the 
fall of high-qualified labour force, fact that does not contributes to the modernization of this 
economic activity. 
Regarding associated competences with changes in the work content, these are the usage of 
computer,  solving  occurred  problems,  resource  management,  and  communication.  Trans-
competences
260  like  computer  usage  and  the  knowledge  of  a  foreign  language  (particularly 
English) are and remain the most important. Behalf of this, due the extension of private sector 
and rapid changes generated by reorganization in some sectors and of extension/development 
activities, the channeling towards profit and “orientation towards the client” services in others 
sectors have made that some competences like solving problems, communication and resource 
management (especially time management) to become more and more valued to the level of all 
competences. 
 
2. The analyze of occupational system in Romania 
According  the  National  Institute  of  Statistic,  in  Romania,  in  IV  2007  quarter,  the  vacant 
workplaces  rate  was  1.82%,  falling  with  0.35  percent  points  compared  to  last  quarter,  but 
growing with 0.22 percent points compared cu IV 2006 quarter. The largest offer of workplaces 
was  recorded  in  captivities  from  public  administration  (6.31%)  and  in  sanitary  and  social 
assistance (5.63%). On the other side, with the smallest values of vacant workplaces rate, were 
found activities from extractive industry (0.31%) and electrical energy, thermal, gas and water 
(0.43%).  Major  groups  of  occupations  for  that,  employers  presented  the  largest  offer  of 
workplaces  were  those  of  specialists  with  intellectual  and  scientific  occupations  (2.95%), 
technicians, masters and related (1.88%). The most reduced disponiblility of jobs was found in 
the  occupations  of  legislator,  high  functionary  and  leaders  (1.19%)  and  of  agriculture  and 
qualified workers in agriculture, silvyculture and fishing (1.40%)
261. 
A survey made with the help of Ministry of Labour, Social solidarity and Family at level of some 
representative firms from Romania, shows that in 2005 the enterprises in which there have been 
created new jobs activated in constructions and services. These activities of national economy 
present the greatest differences between employed labour force and the outgoing one. These are 
the sectors whit the greatest economic development potential. In case of some occupations, which 
imply high level of education or qualification, there were the greatest fluctuations. It is about 
occupations such as unqualified workers, manufacturers, etc. of whom instability of job is been 
gave by wage insatisfaction in most of the cases. The percentage of job creation, used below is 
defined  as  the  proportion  between  number  of  new  jobs  created  in  2005  and  the  number  of 
employed people at the end of 2005 and shows the situation from Romania regarding the national 
economy activities. By sectors, the higher percentage of creation of new jobs was registered in 
constructions (10% - almost double compared with an average of 5,5% at national level), hotels 
and restaurants (9,4% compared with national average of 5,5%) – both sectors containing in great 
measure seasonal activities – and commerce (9,2% compared with national average 5,5%). The 
lowest creation job percentages were in electric energy, gas, and water (0,7%) and mining (3,7%) 
(Figure 1). Last of them have are activities which have little rate of change and of development in 
the last 5 years, also. 
                                                       
260 Pîrciog Speran a, Ciucă Vasilica, Evolu ia ocupa iilor pe pia a for ei de muncă din România, Bucharest, 2006 
261 Labour force employment, Statistic National Institute,2008 453 
 
 
Figure 1: The creation of new job percentages, on economy activities in 2005 (%) 
 
Source:  Pîrciog Speran a, Ciucă Vasilica, Evolu ia ocupa iilor pe pia a for ei de muncă din 
România, Bucharest, 2006 
   
Analyzing the most recent data from Romanian Statistics National Institute, it can be observed 
that in the first trimester of 2008 the greatest rates in total of occupied population were held by 
agriculture qualified workers and (23,3%) and by handicraftsman  (16,6%). This situation present 
in the same time the main groups of occupation, official structured by Romanian statistic system. 
From the point of view is difficult to identify commercial occupations because these can be found 
in any of these official groups of occupations (Table 1). 
  
Table 1: The distribution of occupied population on occupational groups, in the first trimester of 
2008 
Occupied population (thousands persons)  Total 
9119 
%  in  total 
population 
Managers and superior civil servants in public administration and in socio-
economic unities 
2,7 
Specialists with intelectual and scientific occupations  10,1 
Engineers, technicians and related  9,4 
Administration servants  4,8 
Operational employees in services, commerce and related  10,1 
Agriculture workers and qualified employees in agriculture, sylviculture and 
fishing 
23,3 
Handicraftsmen and qualified employees in artisanal work  16,6 
Other categories of occupations  23,0 
Source: Labour force employment, Statistic National Institute,2008  
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Complementary, for understanding in a better way the occupational structure from Romania it is 
necessary to present the results regarding the evolution of employed population in Romania by 
main activity sectors of national economy. Based on the analysis of data from Statistic Year Book 
it can be said that the evolution of occupied people in services between 2000 and 2005 was 
characterized by a slight rising from 31% in 2000 to 39% in 2005 (Figure 3). This increase 
represents an improvement of Romania situation. It is essential for any country that tries to 
develop, to have an important qualified labour force in services.    
 
Figure 2: The evolution of  occupied population structure in Romania in main sectors of activity 
of national economy in 2000-2005 
 
Source: Data from Statistic Year Book of Romania, 2006 
 
Well-trained  personnel  are  essential  both  for  the  possibility  of  develop  innovations  and  for 
adapting, to organizations needs the potential innovations from external sources. If we analyze 
the evolution of GDP structure is clear that in our country services have o great contribution but 
this is the image that described developing countries starting with 1980. Romania reached this 
step only now because the lack of assimilation of technological progress, but the trend is a good 
one,  taking  into  account  that  in  2005  the  contribution  of  services  in  GDP  was  of  49,4% 
comparatively with 46,3% in 2000
262. The growth was not an extraordinary one because is known 
that in Romania, the elasticity for final services is a considerable one and the demand for services 
depends on income per person. 
 
Conclusions 
Adapting and growing the capacity of education system and professional formation are necessary 
for  improve  the  relevance  of  these  in  context  of  labour  force,  of  sensitiveness  of  these  to 
necessity of an economy  and society based on knowledge as well as of those of efficiency. 
Communication and information technology may be used for improve the access to education, 
adjusting in a satisfying way to employees and employers needs. It is necessary also a greater 
mobility having as aim the employment and learning in order to permit the access to hiring 
                                                       
262 Statistic Year Book of Romania, 2006 
31,2 31,6 33,9 35,7 38 39,1
27,3 27,5 29,9 29,9 30 29
41,5 40,9 36,2 34,7 32 31,9
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opportunities in EU especially. It should disappear the last barriers for mobility on European 
labour  force,  first  those  regarding  to  recognition  and  transparence  of  qualifications  and 
competencies. The flexibility and security on labour force became very important in this way. 
Legislation and institutional reforms achieved in the field of professional formation in the last 
years and allocation of greater funds for education and professional forming shows the interest 
that  Romania  gives  of  national  development  strategy  for  continuous  learning,  in  context  of 
European Union. 
It  must  be  taking  into  account  a  strategy  regarding  different  economic  national  activities  at 
macroeconomic level. We can speak about the development of services sector only giving the 
necessary importance to productive one. The fact that financial services in Romania needed an 
important number of personnel with superior studies had as consequence the employment of 
young graduates of universities. The existence of a category formed by young people can be an 
advantage but also an obstacle. The youth present a greater mobility and can accept new forms on 
occupations and organization of work. As a result, it is imposing multiplying the correlations 
between economic activities, in such a way that the vulnerability of economic system, caused by 
overestimation of a single sector to be be eliminated, regarding the creation of jobs.         
 
References 
1. Brînzea Victoria-Mihaela, Brînză Diana-Elena, La lutte contre la discrimination en Roumanie 
dans le contexte européen (ressources humaines), Analele Universită ii din Oradea, Seria: Ştiin e 
Economice, Tomul VII, 2008, Volumul IV, ISSN - 1582 – 5450, pp. 125-130 
2.  Ciccone  Antonio,  De  la  Fuente  Angel,  Human  capital  in  a  global  and  knowledge-based 
economy,  raportul  final  pentru  angajarea  for ei  de  muncă  şi  probleme  sociale,  Comisia 
Europeană, 2002 
3. Damarin Amanda Kidd, Rethinking Occupational Structure, Work and Occupations, vol. 33, 
nr. 4, pag. 429-463, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006 
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Social Science Research Journal, vol. 37, nr. 4, 2008 
5. Petrescu Barbu Gh., Ocuparea for ei de muncă în servicii, Raporturi de muncă (journal edited 
by Tribuna Economică), nr.10, pag. 19-24,  2007  
6. Pîrciog Speran a, Ciucă Vasilica, Evolu ia ocupa iilor pe pia a for ei de muncă din România, 
Bucureşti, 2006 
7. *** Labour force employment, Statistic National Institute,2008 
8. *** Statistic Year Book of Romania, 2006 

De la Fuente Angel, Human capital in a global and knowledge-based economy, raportul final pentru angajarea for ei de muncă şi probleme sociale, Comisia Europeană,

Gh., Ocuparea for ei de muncă în servicii, Raporturi de muncă (journal edited by Tribuna Economică),

La lutte contre la discrimination en Roumanie dans le contexte européen (ressources humaines), Analele Universită ii din

Pîrciog Speran a, Ciucă Vasilica, Evolu ia ocupa iilor pe pia a for ei de muncă din România, Bucureşti,

Rethinking Occupational Structure, Work and Occupations,

The contours of stratification in service-oriented economies,

THE ASPECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEM IN ROMANIA FROM DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES PERSPECTIVE

http://steconomice.uoradea.ro/anale/volume/2009/v2-economy-and-business-administration/76.pdf

THE ASPECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL SYSTEM IN ROMANIA FROM DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES PERSPECTIVE

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