Everybody is aware of the fact that today, everything (almost everything) is changing and the only constant is change itself. Regardless of who we are – students, workers, stakeholders, shareholders and so forth, we are all subjected to various types of changes in our lives. In other words, change is a part of our life. Change has intrigued, scared, excited, and mystified man for many centuries and continues to challenge individuals from all walks of life, yet it is inevitable and has become the very nucleus of human life (Szamosi & Duxbury, 2002). Correspondingly, the ter

Abdullah, Mohammad Firdaus Low

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

  UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA   CORRELATION OF CHANGE COMMUNICATION FACTORSWITH PERCEIVED SUCCESS OF CHANGE INITIATIVES IN ASELECTED ORGANIZATION                    MOHAMMAD FIRDAUS LOW BIN ABDULLAH FBMK 2009 21 Correlation of Change CommuniCation faCtors with PerCeived suCCess of Change initiatives in a seleCted organiZationBymohammad firdaus low Bin aBdullahThesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of PhilosophySeptember 2009PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   1 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMdediCationThis study is dedicated to my beloved mom,Kong Pong @ Lee Kum FoongYou’ve always been a special person, MomAlways caring for people and the world around youNo one could ever take your placeNo one could ever replace youAnd it doesn’t matter how you love meJust that you doAnd it doesn’t matter what sort of mom you are …Just that you are mine.Thank you for raising me the way you did …I really love you … MomThis is just a small token of my love & affectionand undying gratitude & appreciation for all you have done for me.Thank you and May God bless you always.PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   1 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMiiAbstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyCorrelation of Change CommuniCation faCtors with PerCeived suCCess of Change initiatives in a seleCted organiZationBymohammad firdaus low B. aBdullahseptember 2009Chairman : associate Professor dr. abdul muati @ Zamri ahmad, Phdfaculty : modern languages and CommunicationThis study focused on organizational communications. The study was conducted to determine 1) the differences between the executives and non-executives in terms of change communication factors; 2) the differences between the executives and non-executives in terms of perceived success of change initiatives; and 3) the predictive power for change communication factors on perceived success of change initiatives among the executives and non-executives in a selected organization. In this study, the change communication factors consisted of receiving information, providing input, quality of information, value of input, involvement in decision making and leader’s vision. Data were gathered from 87 executives and 276 non-executives in the selected organization, using self-administered questionnaires. The study used t-test to differentiate the executive’s and non-executive’s change communication factors and their perceived on success of the change initiatives in a selected organization during restructuring and PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   2 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMiiire-branding. The study also uses correlation and multiple regression analysis to determine the predictive power of the effects of change communication factors on the perception success of change initiatives among the executives and non-executives in a selected organization.Hypothesis 1 supported that only receiving information has statistically significant difference on perceived success of change initiatives between the executives and non-executives during restructuring and re-branding. Hypothesis 2 also supported that change communication factors has statistically significant positive effect on perceived success of change initiatives. In hypothesis 3, the study supported that there were positive relationship and statistical significance between change communication factors and perceived success of change initiatives among the executives and non-executives during restructuring and re-branding. Theoretically, the study contributes towards strengthening the Kurt Lewin’s Change Model (1951), supported the Klein’s (1996) communication needs and Uncertainty Reduction Theory (Berger & Bradac, 1982) on the importance of effective communications in the change initiatives programs. For future research, the researcher suggested to include items like gender, empowerment and trust.PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   3 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMivAbstrak tesis yang dikemukakan kepada Senat Universiti Putra Malaysia sebagai memenuhi keperluan untuk ijazah Doktor FalsafahPenghuBungKait faKtor-faKtor PeruBahan KomuniKasi Kesan Ke atas KeJaYaaan inisiatif-inisiatif PeruBahan organisasi terPilihOlehmohammad firdaus low B. aBdullahseptember 2009Pengerusi : Profesor madya dr. abdul muati @ Zamri ahmad, Phdfakulti : Bahasa moden dan KomunikasiKajian ini memfokuskan kepada komunikasi keorganisasian. Elemen-elemen komunikasi organisasi adalah modal insannya yang wujud dalam persekitaran komunikasi kepada pekerja. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan 1) perbezaan antara anggota eksekutif dan bukan eksekutif dari segi faktor-faktor perubahan komunikasi; 2) perbezaan antara anggota eksekutif dan bukan eksekutif dari segi kejayaan inisiatif-inisiatif perubahan yang dipersepsikan; dan 3) perbandingan kekuatan faktor-faktor perubahan komunikasi dari segi kejayaan inisiatif-inisiatif perubahan yang dipersepsikan antara anggota eksekutif dan bukan eksekutif dalam organisasi terpilih. Dalam kajian ini, faktor-faktor perubahan komunikasi adalah penerimaan maklumat, pemberian input, kualiti maklumat, nilai input, penglibatan dalam membuat keputusan dan visi pemimpin. Data telah dikumpul daripada 87 orang anggota eksekutif dan 276 orang anggota bukan eksekutif di organisasi pilihan dengan menggunakan borang soal-selidik yang diisi sendiri oleh responden. PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   4 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMvKajian ini menggunakan t-test untuk melihat perbezaan faktor-fakotr perubahan komunikasi dan kejayaan inisiatif-inisiatif perubahan yang dipersepsikan antara anggota eksekutif dan bukan eksekutif dalam organisasi terpilih. Kajian ini turut menggunakan, perkaitan dan analisa regresi kepelbagaian untuk menentukan perbandingan kekuatan faktor-faktor perubahan komunikasi ke atas kejayaan inisiatif-inisiatif perubahan yang dipersepsikan antara anggota eksekutif dan bukan eksekutif dalam organisasi terpilih.Hipothesis 1 menyokong bahawa hanya penerimaan maklumat sahaja mempunyai perbedaan signifikan terhadap kejayaan inisiatif-inisiatif perubahan yang dipersepsikan di kalangan eksekutif dan bukan eksekutif semasa penyusunan semula dan penjenamaan semula. Hipothesis 2 turut menyokong bahawa faktor-faktor komunikasi mempunyai kesan signifikan yang positif terhadap kejayaan inisiatif-inisiatif perubahan yang dipersepsikan. Dalam hipothesis 3 menyokong hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan signifikan yang positif di antara faktor-faktor komunikasi perubahan dan kejayaan inisiatif- inisiatif perubahan yang dipersepsikan di kalangan anggota-anggota eksekutif dan bukan eksekutif semasa penyusunan semula dan penjenamaan semula. Secara theori, kajian ini telah mengukuhkan lagi Model Perubahan Kurt Lewin (1951), dan disokong oleh kajian Keperluan Komunikasi Klein (1996) dan Teori Pengurangan Ketidaktentuan (Berger & Bradac, 1982) dengan menunjukkan pentingnya keberkesanan komunikasi dalam inisiatif-inisiatif program perubahan. Untuk kajian selanjutnya, penyelidik mencadangkan supaya aspek perbedaan jantina, pemberian kuasa dan kepercayaan dapat di pertimbangkan.PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   5 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMviaCKnowledgementsWriting a thesis is like going on a mountain trip, never certain to reach the summit, but always aware of difficulties lying ahead. A complicated factor on this trip was the availability of time for research, which was limited to only one day a week. A very tight schedule made things worse but tremendous support from a great number of people had helped me to complete this endeavour.In this acknowledgement I would like to gratefully thank all those persons who have contributed in making this endeavour a success. To start off, I would like to thank my beloved chief supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Muati @ Zamri. This thesis would not have existed at all without Dr. Zamri, who accepted me as a doctoral student, despite my time constraint, and who believed in my project and in my declaration of dedication. His knowledge, guidance, energy, humor, friendship, openness, companionship and inspiration will always serve me as an example of the perfect supervisor.I would also like to extend my gratitude to my supervisors Prof Dr. Md Salleh Hj. Hassan, Assoc Prof Dr. Saodah Wok and Dr. Zulhamri Abdullah who were always available to encourage challenging discussions and to inspire me to take the next step. Their wide knowledge and their logical way of thinking have been of great value for me.PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   6 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMviiI also wish to make a special mention of Dr. Narimah Ismail for everything that she has done to assist me. I really owe my sincere gratitude to her, who has given me untiring help during my difficult moments. My sincere thanks also go to all the academic staff of UPM who have taught me during my graduate studies and equally important the supporting staff who have been very cooperative and understanding.My very special thanks go to Dr. Ruziah who willingly sacrifices her time to share the most critical moment of my research with me. She has provided me with priceless suggestions, hospitality, encouragement, patience and guidance throughout the whole period of my fieldwork.My deepest appreciation goes to my friends, Dr. Hamisah, Mohd Faizal, Zafizal, Mohd Suffian, Raditah, Nasriah, Azlin, Delaila, Nazry and Abdul Lazi who have been patiently guiding, motivating, advising and for being such great friends for me. No friend has been so constant. No friend has been so true. No friend has ever meant as much as you. Thank you so much. And also not to forget – to all my beloved friends and classmates who have motivated and supported me during my studies in UPM.I am also truly thankful to YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Sa Wai @ Boon Chock, Shamsimar Yusof, Mazenah Mohd Hassan, Norjahan, Azizah, Angie, Shahredza Minhat, Zety Kamal, and Norhaini for your endless concern, love and support.PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   7 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMviiiMy sincere appreciation also goes to Group Corporate Communication TM Team members. Thanks to Puan Mariam Bevi Batcha – thank you for being such an understanding, supporting and loving boss. Can’t do it without your blessing. I would also like to thank TM Group Human Resources and all the TM State Administrative officers for their cooperation and for allowing me to conduct my research study on TM.I also want to express my sincere gratitude to all my sisters, adopted families, adopted brothers and adopted sisters – thank you for being the best sounding board in the world.To my beloved mom Kong Pong @ Lee Kum Foong, the lady who has always been there… even when I did not want her to be there, I credit her for ingraining in me the ways of logic which have become an intricate part of who I am and who I will be. I only hope to one day surpass her. She deserves much credit for guiding me through life and making me the man I am today. I can’t ask for more from her, as she is simply perfect. I have no suitable word that can fully describe her everlasting love for me.Thank you mom, for everything and thank you again to everyone who has made this thesis and me possible.PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   8 4/3/10   6:53:10 PMixI certify that a Thesis Examination Committee has met on 3 September 2009 to conduct the final examination of Mohammad Firdaus Low bin Abdullah on his thesis entitled “Correlation of Change Communication Factors with Perceived Success of Change Initiatives in a Selected Organization” in accordance with the universities and university colleges Act 1971 and the constitution of the Universiti Putra Malaysia [P.U.(A) 106] March 15, 1998. The Committee recommends that the candidate be awarded the Doctor of Philosophy.Members of the Thesis Examination Committee were as follows:siti Zobaidah omar, PhdAssociate ProfessorFaculty of Modern Languages and CommunicationUniversiti Putra Malaysia(Chairman)musa abu hassan, PhdProfessorFaculty of Modern Languages and CommunicationUniversiti Putra Malaysia(Internal Examiner)ezhar tamam, PhdAssociate ProfessorFaculty of Modern Languages and CommunicationUniversiti Putra Malaysia(Internal Examiner)shamsudin a. rahim, PhdProfessorFaculty of Social Sciences and HumanitiesUniversiti Sains Malaysia(External Examiner) _______________________________ BuJang Bin Kim huat, Phd Professor and Deputy Dean School of Graduate Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Date: 24 November 2009PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   9 4/3/10   6:53:11 PMxThis thesis was submitted to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia and has been accepted as fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The members of the Supervisory Committee were as follows:abdul muati @ Zamri ahmad, PhdAssociate ProfessorFaculty of Modern Languages and CommunicationUniversiti Putra Malaysia(Chairman)md. salleh hj. hassan, PhdProfessorFaculty of Modern Languages and CommunicationUniversiti Putra Malaysia(Member)saodah wok, PhdAssociate ProfessorFaculty of Human SciencesInternational Islamic University Malaysia(Member)Zulhamri abdullah, PhdLecturerFaculty of Modern Languages and CommunicationUniversiti Putra Malaysia(Member) __________________________________ hasanah mohd ghaZali, Phd Professor and Dean School of Graduate Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Date: 10 December 2009PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   10 4/3/10   6:53:11 PMxideClarationI hereby declare that the thesis is based on my original work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degree at Universiti Putra Malaysia or other institutions. _____________________________________________ mohammad firdaus low B. aBdullah Date: ……………………PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   11 4/3/10   6:53:11 PMxiitaBle of Contents  PagedediCation iaBstraCt iiaBstraK ivaCKnowledgements viaPProval ixdeClaration xilist of taBles xvilist of figures xxilist of aBBreviations xxiiChaPter1 introduCtionBackground of the Study 1  Organizational Change 3  Communication in an Organizational Change 6  The Edict of Radical Change in a selected Organization 9Problem Statement 14Research Objective 17  General Objective 17  Specific Objectives 17Significance of the Study 17Scope of the Study 20Limitations 21Definition of Terms 212 literature reviewPerceived Success of Change Initiatives 24Receiving Information 27Providing Input 29Quality of Information 33Value of Input 34Involving in Decision Making 34Leader’s Vision 36Change Theory 38Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) 46PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   12 4/3/10   6:53:11 PMxiiiThe Effects of Change Communication Factors  with Perceived Success of Change Initiatives  in A Selected Organization 48  Receiving Information 48  Providing Input 49  Quality of Information 50  Value of Input 51  Involvement in Decision Making 52  Leaders’ Vision 53  Perceived Success of Change Initiatives 53Hypothesis 603 methodologYResearch Design 62Research Framework 63Population and Sample 68  Sampling Procedure 69Measurement & Instrumentation 71  Scaling 71  Validity 72  Content Validity 72  Face Validity 74  Malay Language Medium 74Instruments 75  Section A: Demographic Background 75  Section B: Perceived success of change initiatives 76  Section C: Receiving Information 81  Section D: Providing Input 83  Section E: Quality of Information 86  Section F: Value of Input 88  Section G: Involvement in Decision Making 91  Section H: Leaders’ Vision 94Pre Test 97Data Gathering 100Data Analysis 102Exploratory Data Analysis 106PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   13 4/3/10   6:53:11 PMxiv4 results and disCussionProfile of Respondents 110Age, Gender, Marital Status, Educational Qualification and Years of Services 111Hypothesis 1: Change communication factors have  a different effect with perceived success of change initiatives in a selected organization on executive’s and non-executive’s employees during restructuring and re-branding 112Receiving Information 113  Restructuring 113  Re-branding 115Providing Input 116  Restructuring 116  Re-branding 118Quality of Information 119  Restructuring 119  Re-branding 121Value of Input 122  Restructuring 122  Re-branding 124Involvement in Decision Making 125  Restructuring 125  Re-branding 127Leader’s Vision 128  Restructuring 128  Re-branding 130Hypothesis 2: There is a significant difference between  executives’ and non-executives’ perceived of success  of change initiatives in a selected organization  during restructuring and re-branding 131Restructuring 132  Mission & Vision Clarity 134  Implementation 135  Service Quality 137  Communication 138Re-branding 140  Mission & Vision Clarity 141  Implementation 143  Service Quality 144  Communication 146PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   14 4/3/10   6:53:11 PMxvHypothesis 3: Change Communication Factors have a positive effect on executives’ and non-executives’ perceived of success of change initiatives in a selected organization during restructuring and re-branding. 147  Restructuring 150  Re-branding 153Summary 1575 summarY, ConClusions and imPliCationsSummary 159Problem Statement 159Objective of the Study 160Methodology of the Study 161Findings 162Conclusions 163Implications 166  Implications for Theoretical Contributions 166  Implications for Organizational Perspective 168  Implications for Employees 171Recommendations for Future Research 173referenCes 176aPPendiCes 198Biodata of the student 230PhilosophyThesis(FidrausLow).indd   15 4/3/10   6:53:11 PM

Correlation Of Change Communication Factorswith Perceived Success Of Change Initiatives In A Selected Organization

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Correlation Of Change Communication Factorswith Perceived Success Of Change Initiatives In A Selected Organization

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