Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from eight spleens of chickens with white focal lesions. A

pathogenicity study in chickens did not reveal any significant findings

Aziz, A. Rahman

Ideris, Aini

Majid, M. Shah

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

Pertanika 9(2), 265 - 266 (1986)COMMUNICATION IIIIsolation of Pasteurella haemolytica from theSpleen of ChickensABSTRAKPasteurella haemolytica telah diasingkan daripada Lapan limpa ayam yang mempunyai lesifokus berwarna putih. Kafian patogenisiti tidak menunjukkan apa-apa kesimpulan yang bermakna.ABSTRACTPasteurella haemolytica was zsolated from eight spleens of chickens w£th wh£te focal lesions. ApathogeniC£ty study in chickens did not reveal any significant findings.INTRODUCTIONPasteurella haemolytica is a member of thenormal flora of respiratory tract of chickens butnot of turkeys or ducks (Mushin et al., 1980).Under condition of stress, this bacterium mayacquire the role of an opportunist and will parti-cipate in pathological processes (Mushin et al.,1980). Greenham and Hill (1962) reported theisolation of P. 'haemolytica from chickens withenlarged liver and granular lesion in the wall ofthe intestine while Nicolet and Fey (1965) citedby Hacking and Pettit (1~74) isolated P.haemolytica from young hens with salpingitisand hens with chronic respiratory problems.Isolation of P. haemolytz"ca from lung andoviduct of chicken was reported by Janetschkeand Risk (1970) cited by Hacking and Pettit(1974).Hacking and Pettit (1974) recoveredP. haemolytica from the liver and heart blood ofchicken from eight cases involving decline orabnormality in egg production, peritonitis,salpingitis, enteritis and respiratory problems.An atypical P. haemolytz"ca was isolated by Addoand- Mohan (1985) from liver with nodularnecrosis. The communication reports on theisolation of P. haemolytica from the spleen ofchickens that were submitted for routine bacte-riological examination and the findings of apreliminary pathogenicity study on P.haemolytica.MATERIALS AND METHODSA flock of White Ross chickens (900 birds)raised fro~ day-old were used in a Newcastl~disease vaccination trial. They were divided intonine ,groups of 100 birds each according to dif-ferent vaccination schedules. On two separateoccasions, spleens with white focal lesionsranging from 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter wereobserved at necropsy and were randomly selectedfor bacteriological examination. Characteriza-tion of isolates was based on the identificationscheme described byJang et al., (1976).Two pathogenicity studies were conductedto determine the role of P. haemolytica in thespleen of chicken. In the first study two five-weekold White Ross chickens were inoculated intra-peritoneally with 2 X 10 7 colony forming unitsper ml (CFU/ml) of P. haemolytz'ca. Two otherWhite Ross chickens were inoculated into eacheye with 0.025 ml of 2 X 10 7 CFU/ml of P.haemolytica.In the second study, two five-day old SPFchicks were inoculated with 0.025 ml of 2 X 10 7CFU/ml of P. haemolytica in each eye. Twoother SPF chicks were inoculated with 0.025 mlof 2 X 10 7CFU/ml of P. haemolytica and 0.025M. SHAH-MAJID, 1. AINI AND A_ RAHMAN AZIZml of live Newcastle disease V4 strain vaccine ineach eye. Two weeks post-inoculation chickensin both groups were necropsied. The spleens werecultured for P. haemolytica. The strain of P.haemolytica had undergone four passages beforethe pathogenicity study was conducted.RESULTSThe bacteriological results obtained fromfive and three spleens submitted on two differentoccasions are as follows: P. haemolytica, non-haemolytic Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter sppwere isolated from one spleen and pure growthof P. haemolytica from the other remaining fourspleens. The three other spleens submitted lateryielded a mixture of P. haemolytica, non-haemolytic E. coli and Enterobacter spp.In the pathogenicity studies, chickens Inboth groups did not show any clinical symptoms.No white spots were observed on the spleen of allchickens and culture from spleen did not revealP. haemolytz'ca.DISCUSSIONAs spleen with white focal lesions was ran-domly collected and submitted for routine bacte-riological examination, the exact number ofbirds with such spleen lesions is not known. Sincethe spleen was the only organ sampled. it is notknown if P. haemolytica could have been presentin other organs which may indicate bacteremia.Perhaps, histopathology on affected spleenwhich was not conducted in this case mayprovide information on its etiology.P. haemolytica has been suggested as asecondary invader in chickens suffering fromrespiratory disease (Gilchrist 1963). Bisgaard(1979) speculates that chickens with infectiousbronchitis virus or with a combination of Myco-plasma gallisepticum may allow P. haemolyticato invade via the respiratory tract. RecentlyAddo and Mohan (1985) isolated atypical P.haemolytica Type A from liver of domestic fowlwith nodular necrosis and they considered it tobe highly pathogenic. Mushin et ai., (1979)suggested that some internal or external factorsmay act as a stimulus for P. haemolytica allow-ing it to participate in pathologic processes.However, the role of P. haemolytica in spleenwith white focal lesions is not known. Furtherstudies need to be carried out to observe theincidence of P. haemolytica in spleen of chickenswith white focal lesions.M. Shah-Majid " I. Aini, :!, A. Rahman Aziz IDepartment ol Velerz'nary Pathology andMicrobiology~Department 0/ Veterinary Clinical Studies,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine andAnimal Sciences,Universiti Pertanian Malaysia,43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.REFERENCESADDO, P.B. and MOHAN, K. (1985): Atypical Pasteu-rella haemolytica type A from poultry. Avian Dis.29: 214 - 217.BISGAARD, M. (1977): Incidence of Pasteurellahaemolytica in the respiratory tract of apparentlyhealthy chickens and chickens with infectiousbronchitis. Characterization of 213 strains. Avian.Pathol. 6: 285 - 292.GILCHRIST, P. (1963): A survey of avian respiratorydiseases. Awt,. Vet.). 39: 140 - 144.GREENHAM. L. W. and HILL. T.J. (l %2): Observa-tions on an avian strain of Pasteu;rella haemoly-tiea. Vet. Rec. 74: 861.HACKING, W.C. and PETTIT, J.R. (1974): Pasteurellahaemolytica in pullets and laying hens. AvianDis. 18: 483 - 486.JANG, 5.S., BIBERSTEIN, E.L. and HIRSH, D.C. (1976):A manual of Veterinary Clinical Bacteriology andMycology, Veterinary Medical TeachingHospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Univer-sity of California, Davis.MU~HIN. R., WEISMAN. Y. and SINGER. N. (1980):Pasteurella haemolytica found in the respiratorytract of fowl. Avian Dis. 24: 162 - 168.(Received 1 November, 1985)266 I'ERTANIKA \'OL. Y NO. ~. I YH6

Isolation of Pasteurella haemolytica from the Spleen of Chickens

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Isolation of Pasteurella haemolytica from the Spleen of Chickens

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