Morbidity in dogs was associated mainly with diseases or abnormal it if in the Pansystemic, digestive and

respiratory systems in that order. In the pansystemic category, poisoning and carnine distemper' were most

common. Ancylostomiasis and bronchopneumonia were the main Fndings in the digestive and respiratory systems 'respectively

Chooi, Kum Fai

Sheikh Omar, Abdul Rahman

Thuthan, Pandiyaraja

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

Pertanika 12(1), :-,'1-:iH (1989)COMMUNICATION IIIDiseases in Dogs: Necropsy ObservationABSTRAKKematian anjing disebabkan oleh penyakit atau keadaan tak normal terutamanya dalam sistern pansistemik,diikuti oleh sistern penghadaman dan sistern pernaJasan. Dalam kateg011 pansistemik, kebanyakan kematiandisebabkan oleh keracunan dan penyakit distemper. Penyakit utama pada sistem penghadaman adalahansylostomiasis manakala j]enyakit utama pada sistem pernafasan adalah lYronkopneumonia.ABSTRACTMorbidity in dogs was associated mainly with diseases or abnormalitifs in the /Jansystemic, digestive anrlrespiratory systems in that order. In the pansystemic categ01y, poisoning and {{(nine distem/Je/' werf mostcommon. Ancylostomiasis and lYronchopneumonia were the main Jlndings in lhf diges/ivf and frS/lim/mysystems 'respectively.INTRODUCTIONDogs form a significant proportion of the totalnumber of cases submitted for necropsy to theFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and AnimalScience, niversiti Penanian Malaysia (UPM).FromJune 1979 to August 1984, dogs made up15.9% of the total number fo carcasses submit-ted for necropsy (Chooi 1985). Apart fromspecific case reports, there has been no docu-mentation on diseases of dogs in Malaysia. Thispaper summarizes the post mortem findingsin dogs submitted for necropsy to UPM.Materials and MethodsNecropsy records in the Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine and Animal Science, UPM over the5-year period from January 1982 to December1986 were analysed for disease conditions indogs. Cases submitted were either from the smallanimal clinic in UPM or from private practitio-ners in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya. Mostof the cases were dead animals or animals thatwere euthanised because of poor prognosis.The majority were pet animals; a few wereworking dogs.Carcases were subjected to a routine ne-cropsy. Ancillary studies in histopathology,bacteriology and virology were conducted whennecessary. Analysis of the cases was based on i)disease, or disease condition causing death andii) the reason for euthanasia. These were thcllclassified according to body systems. Cases whichwere not finalised and cases with no diagnosiswere not included.Results and DiscussionOut of 2376 cases submitted for necropsy overthe study period, dogs constituted 331 cases(13.9%). Final diagnosis was made on 219 ofthese 331 cases. The rest were incomplete cases.Pansystemic (18.3%), digestive (16.4%) andrespiratory (13.2 %) systems were most com-monly the sites of disease (Table 1).TABLE 1Involvement of body systems in dogs examinedpost mortem at UPMSystem No. of cases (%)Pansystemic 40 (l8.~)Digestive 36 (16.4)Respiratory 29 (13.2)Musculoskeletal 21 (9.6)Cardiovascular 21 (9.6)Renal 21 (9.6)Nervous 12 (5.5)Hepatic 11 (5.0)Reproductive 10 (4.6)Integumentary 6 (2.7)Miscellaneous 12 (5.5)Total 219 (l00.0)("n....TABLE 2Disease conditions in the pansystemic, digestive and respiratory systemsPansystemic Digestive RespiratoryCondition No of Condition No. of Condition No. ofcases (%) cases (%) cases (%)Paraquat poisoning 10 (25.Q) Ancylostomiasis 15 (41.6) Bronchopneumonia 14 (48.0) p::Canine distemper 8 (20.0) Parvovirus Intersitial pneumonia 2 (7.0) :"lStarvation 4 (10.0) enteritis 11 (30.5) Fibrinous pneumonia 2 (7.0) n::cOrganophosphate Hemorrhagic Aspiration pneumonia 1 (3.5) 0." poisoning 4 (10.0) enteritis 3 (8.3) Acute pneumonia 1 (3.5) .9tTl~ Lymphosarcoma 3 (7.5) Granulomatous Hemorrhagic pneumonia 1 (3.5) :-l."~ Heat stroke 2 (5.0) esophagitis 2 (5.6) Mucopurulent rhinitis 2 (7.0) ;t>z~ Warfarin poisoning 1 (2.5) Acute pancreatitis 2 (5.6) Diaphragmatic hernia 1 (3.5) t:'a Strychnine poisoning 1 (2.5) Uremic gastritis 1 (2.8) Nasal carcinoma I (3.5) ~Lead poisoning 1 (2.5) Ulcerative gastritis 0' I (2.8) Asphyxiation 3 (10.0)f ~;::; Septicemia 1 (2.5) Gastric torsion 1 (2.8) Bronchogenic carcinoma 1 (3.5) ;pz Thrombocytopenic ~9 purpura 1 (2.5) t:'..- Ehrlichiosis 2 (5.0) ;t>~ ~<.0 Toxoplasmosis 1 (2.5) [J)00<.0 ::cPoisoning tTl(undetermined) 1 (2.5) ~Total 40 (100.0) b36 (100.0) 29 (100.0) ~MusculoskeletalTABLE 3Disease conditions in the musculoskeletal, renal and cardiovascular systemsRenal CardiovascularNo. ofcases (%)18 (85.0)1 (5.0)2 (10.0)"tlt"l~~(5r-""Z()--<.000<.0U'I(,]1ConditionFracture (axial& appendicular)Hip dysplasiaRicketsArthritis.MyositisSpinal columnluxationFibrosis of jointOsteosarcomaTotalNo. ofcases9611121(%)(42.8)(28.4)(4.8)(4.8)(4.8)(4.8)(4.8)(4.8)(100.0)ConditionNephritisUrolithiasisLeptospirosisOxalate nephrosisRenal hemorrhageMembranuosglomerulopathyPyelonephritisNo. ofcases13221121(%)(62.0)(9.0)(9.0)(5.0)(5.0)(5.0)(5 ..0)(100.0)ConditionDirofilariasisMyocardial degeneration& necrosisCongestive heartfailure21 (100.0)tlen~t"lU'JZtlo('J~Zt"l(")~"tl~oc:cU'JtTl;I:l~>-loZ<.;r'OlTABLE 4Disease conditions in the nervous, hepatic and reproductive systems.No. ofcases (%)-3 (27.0)2 (18.5)1 (9.0)I (9.0)I (9.0)2 (J 8.5)(9.0)NervousCondition No. ofcasesMeningitis 4Spinal duralossification 3Degenerative"0myelopathy 2tTl:>:i Spinal cord~Z hemorrhage~ Cerebral focal<: necrosis0 Intervertebral discr;;; prolapseZ() Total 12.;-~00<J:!(%)(33.4)(25.0)(J 6.7)(83)(8.3)(8.3)(100.0)ConditionStorage diseaseNecrosisTraumaJaundiceCongestionHepatitisHepatocellularcarcinomaHepatic11 (100.0)ReproductiveConditionTransmissiblevenereal tumourOvarian cystadenocarcinomaStillbirthNo. ofcases810(%)(80.0)(10.0)(10.0)(100.0)r~()::r:oQ"~t:l~"'-<;J>~t:l~(::l(J)::r:tTl~o~DISEASES IN DOGS: NECROPSY OBSERVATIONOf the 40 cases classified under pansys-temic, 18(45%) were cases of poisoning (Table2). Ten of these were due to paraquat; six ofwhich have been described elsewhere (Chooi &Ibrahim 1985; Chooi et al 1986). Canine dis-temper accounted for 20% (8) of the pansys-temic diseases. The low prevalence is probablybecause most pet dogs and all working dogs arevaccinated against canine distemper which isenzootic in this art>;l. Death occurs mainly innon-vaccinated or improperly vaccinated ani-mals.In the digestive system, ancylostomiasiswas most common followed by parvovirusenteritis (Table 2). Cases of parvovirus infec-tion have been reported elsewhere (Noor et al.1980; Omar et al. 1980; Sheikh-Omar et al. 1985).Three cases of hemorrhagic enteritis not dueto parvovirus infection were diagnosed. One ofthese was due to clostridial infection (Chooi &Netto 1986) while the cause of the other twocases was undetermined. Granulomatous eso-phagitis due to Spirocerca lupi infestation wasfound in two dogs.Bronchopneumonia accounted for48% of the cases in the respiratory system.Bacteria isolated included Staphyloccocus andKlebsiella species. There was a likelihood thatthese cases were secondary to viral infectionsalthough histological examination of the lungin most cases failed to reveal inclusion bo-dies.Fractures of the axial and appendicularskeleton were caused by trauma - usually inroad accidents. These animals, and those withhip dysplasia, were usually euthanised becauseof poor prognosis. Dirofilariasis was the majorproblem in the cardiovascular system whilstsubacute to chronic interstitial nephritis wasthe main reason for euthanasia or death in therenal system (Table 3).In the reproductive system, transmissiblevenereal tumour (TVT) was the major reasonfor euthanasia (Table 4). Chooi (1985) reportedthat TVT was the most common tumour typein dogs and 91.7% of cases in that report in-volved the penis or vagina. In.addition, tumoursof the mesenchyme, skin and adnexa were oflow prevalence in the present study becausethese cases were usually submitted in the formof biopsies, and were not included here.There were four cases of meningitis inthe nervous system. Two of these were suppu-rative. The first case was an 8-week old, femalespitz. The dog was depressed and had nystagmusprior to death. St(J.phylococcus aureus was re-covered from the meninges. The second caseof suppurative meningitis was in a I-year oldmale German Shepherd crossed dog. There wasobvious inflammation of the meninges with ad-hesions to the cranium at gross examination.The other two cases were non-suppurative butfurther deductions were not possible due toautolysis of the brain.TABLE 5Disease conditions in the integumentary system and miscellaneous conditionsConditionIntegumentaryNo. of cases ConditionMiscellaneousNo. of casesPERTANIKA VOL. 12 NO. I, 1989Mast cell tumourChronic demodecosisHistiocytomaDermatitisSquamous cellcarcinomaPediculosisTotalII116Anaesthetic deathSudden deathAbdominal rupture (postlaparotomy)LymphadenopathyAnaemiaOtitis externaAcute hemorrhage(post-spay)Bilateral cataractHyperparathyroidism32111I1I11257K.F. CHOOI, T. PANDlYARAJA AND A.R. SHEIKH-OMARACKNO~DGEMENTSWe thank the patho~ogistswhose cases formeda part of this report and Ms. Low Lai Kim fortyping the manuscript.K.F. CHOOI,T. PANDIYARAJAA.R. SHEIKH-OMARFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and AnimalScience,Universiti Pertanian Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor DaTUI Ehsan,Malaysia.REFERENCESCHom, K.F. 1985. Review of Neoplastic Cases ofDomestic Mammals Diagnosed at UPM (1979-1984). Kajian VeteriruLr 17(1): 35-42.CHom, K.F.· and R. IBRAHIM. 1985. SuspectedParaquat Poisoning in Four Dogs. Kajian Veterinar17(2): 147-150.CHOOI, KF., G.K. DHALIWAL and S. SALMtYAH. 1986.More Cases of Paraquat Poisoning in Dogs. KajianVeterinar 18(1): 94.CHOOI, KF. andA. NETTO. 1986. A Case of CanineHemorrhagic Gastroenteritis. Kajian VetClinar18( 1): 89-90.NOOR F., A.L. IBRAHIM, S.E. TAN and C.M. LAJ. 1980.A Case of Pan10virus Infection in a Dog. KajianVeteliiwr 12(2): 39-41.OivlAR, A.R., J.Y.S. LEE, and L.T. G. 1980. Hae-morrhagic Enteritis of Probable Parvovirus Ori-gin in Dogs. Kajian Veterinar 12 (2) :63-66.SHEIKH-OivlAR, A.R., BY CHENG, A.L. IBRAHIM andKF. CHOOI. 1985. Parvovirus Enteritis in TwoDogs. Malays. Appl. BioI. 14(1):31-33.(Received J7 Decembel; 1987)PERTANIKA VOL. 12 NO. 1. 1989

Diseases in dogs: necropsy observation

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Diseases in dogs: necropsy observation

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