Early and late produced seeds of some F9 lines and exotic cultivars of long beans were evaluated on clayey loam and alluvial soil in the University Farm at Serdang. The results showed that pod yield and pod length were not significantly different for seeds produced early or late. Among the genotypes studied, pod yield was more unstable than pod length. However, some lines and Taiwan Stripe Seed performed better than the ,local commercial variety, Local Long-l in both soil types

Cheok, K. T.

Yap, Thoo Chai

Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository

Pertanika, 1(2), 82-85 (1978)Evaluation of Some Long Bean Lines Using Early andLate Produced Seeds in Two Soil TypesT. C. YAP and K. T. CHEOKIDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Pertanian MalaysiaKey words: Long bean lines, Soil types, Early and Late produced seeds.RINGKASANBijibenih kacang panjang yang dihasilkan awal dan lewat dari beberapa keturunan F 9 dari jenis asingtelah dinila.i ~i tana~ gembur l~at dan tanah lan~r di ladang Uni~ersiti Pertanian, Serdang. Keputusanpercubaan zm menunJukkan hanl kacang dan panJang kacangnya tzdak berbeza antara bijibenih dari hasilawal ata~ lewat. . Di antara genotaip-genotaip yang dikaji, h~sil. kacm.zg tidak berapa tetap jika dibandingkandengan sffat panJang ka~angnya. ~e~engah ketur~nt.tn dan Jems Tazwan Stripe Seed memberi penghasilanyang lebzh besar berbandmg dengan Jenls tempatan, zaztu Local Long-l pada kedua-dua jenis tanah.SUMMARYEarly and late produced seeds of some F 9 lines and exotic cultivars of long beans were evaluated onclayey loam and t.tllu:vial soil i~ the University Farm at Serdang. The results showed that pod yield and podlength were not szgnificantly different for seeds produced early or late. Among the genotypes studied, pod yieldwas more unstable than pod length. However, some lines and Taiwan Stripe Seed performed better than the,local commercial variety, Local Long-l in both soil types.INTRODUCTIONLong bean(V~gna sesquipedalis Fruw.) isalso known as asparagus bean or yard-long bean.It is aclimbing plant and widely grown in Malay-sia for its tender pods. In the past, most longbean varieties grown locally were land strainsand were very variable. A breeding programmeusing different selection procedures was carriedout in a 7 X 7 diallel cross population in 1973with the object of developing high yieldingvarieties. Some of the results for this breedingprogramme have been reported earlier (Mak,1973, Poh, 1976 and Yap et. aI, 1976).In the present studies some promising F 9lines of the crop were evaluated under clayeyloam and alluvial soil types at the UniversityFarm in Serdang. The present studies alsoundertook to verify the belief that pods forseeds saved at the early stage of the fruiting periodgive a better yield than those saved at the laterstage. Hence, in addition to the normal genotypeevaluation, seeds harvested at the early and latestages of the fruiting period were included.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwelve F 9 lines together with three varietiesof long bean were used in these studies. Seeds,harvested during the early and late stages of thefruiting period were used. The early seeds werepods saved at the beginning of the fruiting periodand the late seeds were pods saved 30 days later.Two trials were carried out in these studies.The first consisted of 12 F 9 lines and three varietieswe~e grown on clayey loam in August, 1977,whIle the second was conducted on alluvial soilin. September, 1977. These genotypes togetherWIth th~ two types of seeds were arranged in aran~om~zed complete block design with threereplIcatIOns. However, due to insufficient seedsline 1/5-17-5-8 was not included in the secondtrial. The details for the development of thebreeding lines have been reported elsewhere (Poh,1976, Yap, et al., 1976, 1977). The three varieties,Local Long-I, Taiwan Stripe Seed and Sabahare commercial varieties grown in PeninsularMalaysia, Taiwan and Sabah, respectively.Each genotype was grown on a bed 20 ft(610 cm) long 3.5 ft (107 cm) wide and 0.5 ftITemiang Renchong Estate, P.O. Box 103, Panchor, Muar, Johore.82T. C. YAP AND K. T. CHEOK(15.5 cm) high in two rows spaced 2.5 ft (76 cm)between rows and 1.5 ft (46 cm) between plants.Two seeds were sown per planting point and laterthinned down to one plant per point three weeksafter sowing. As long bean is a vine crop, sticksabout 8 ft (244 cm) long were set adjacent toeach seedling to provide support for the climbingvine. NPK 15: 15: 15 fertilizer at the rate of500 kgJha was applied at the first week and sixthweek after sowing. Insecticides were sprayedat weekly intervals to control aphids, bean minersand pod borers.Fresh pods were harvested when they reachedmarketable stage. Harvesting was carried outon alternate days until senescence of the plants.The two characters reported here were freshpod yield per plant and pod length. Pod yieldper plant was the accumulative yield ~f. fresh p~dsyield harvested throughout the frUltmg penoddivided by the total number of plants in thebed. Pod length was the mean of 10 pods mea-sured at the third week of harvest.RESULTSAnalyses of variance for pod yield and podlength for the two trials are given in Table 1.Significant differences were found for pod lengthin the trials but in respect to pod yield only thesecond trial gave significant differences. Furtherpartitioning of the sum of squares, however, showedthat the yield differences among lines in the secondtrial contributed to the significant difference. Inthese studies, both trials showed that there wasno significant difference in pod yield and podlength in the two types of seeds used for the trials.There was also no significant interaction effectbetween genotypes and different types of seeds.Mean values of pod yield and pod length forthe two types of the seeds were calculated andcompared with Local Long-1, the commercialvariety grown locally. The results showed thatTaiwan Stripe Seed and many selected linesoutyielded Local Long-l slightly in both trials.Pod length, however, for most cases was shorterthan Local Long-1 (Table 2).DISCUSSIONFrom these studies, it is clear that seed yeildsaved at the early and late !;tages of the fruitingperiod do not effect any difference in yield andpod length. This finding reveals that farmerscould save pods for the next generation at theearly or late stage of a fruiting period. It shouldbe noted, however, that pods for seeds should bewell-developed as is shown by the well-developedseeds from good pods used in the present trials.It is generally believed that flowering may bedelayed and senescence hastened if mature podsare left unplucked during the fruiting period.If this were the case then it would be logical tokeep good pods for seeds at the later stage sothat more pods would be harvested for sale.For the two characters studied, both trialsshowed that pod yield was more unstable thanpod length. The correlations between the first andsecond trials for pod yield and pod length were.0.03 and 0.93 respectively, suggesting that pod yieldwas more susceptible to environmental changesthan pod length. These results support the earlyfindings that the heritability for pod yield wasTABLE 1Mean squares for characters measured in long bean lines and varieties usingearly and late produced seeds in two trialsDegree of freedomSource of variation ------------IIPod yieldIIPod lengthIIReplications 2 2 24294 88525'" 9.00 31.72'"Treatments (29) (27) 8715 15254" 69.82"" 74.91'"Genotypes (G) 14 13 8923 19692" 134.88"" 150.44""Stages of seeds (S) 1 3591 282 9.02 2.29G X S 14 13 8873 11169 9.09 4.98Error 58 54 8900 9584 7.19 4.30.p~ 0.05"" P ~ 0.01I : Trial I (clayey loam)II : Trial II (alluvial soil)83TABLE 2Mean values of characters measured in long bean lines and varieties using early and late produced seeds in two trialsPod yield/plant (g) Pod length (em)--------------------------- ----------------_.-Variety or line I II I II-------------- ------------------------------ -------E L Mean E L Mean E L Mean E L Mean--------------------Local Long-1 343.8 306.7 325.2 340.6 348.3 344.4 47.0 51.2 49.1 52.2 55.0 53.6 rTaiwan Stripe Seed 356.7 332.4 344.6 406.7 586.0 496.4 36.1 35.7 35.9 38.5 38.7 38.6 0ZQSabah 254.0 327.8 390.0 319.0 318.9 319.0 43.5 41.4 42.4 43.0 44.6 43.8 toIT!11-14-1-14 357.6 342.4 350.0 398.7 358.2 378.4 44.4 46.2 45.3 47.5 45.3 46.4 >-Z11 - 20 - 3 - 4 353.8 289.0 321.4 493.4 452.2 472.8 47.6 48.5 48.0 48.0 49.1 48.6 Vl016 -1 - 4 - 9 342.0 290.9 307.4 290.9 400.5 345.7 54.2 50.4 52.3 54.0 53.4 53.7 :;<:l000 17 - 5 - 4 - 4 365.3 245.7 255.5 389.9 352.7 371.3 37.6 41.7 39.6 43.2 40.3 41.8 ~.j:>. ZI-<17 -7 -7-7 252.3 328.1 290.2 315.7 372.7 344.2 38.4 36.0 37.2 38.1 38.8 38.4 Z361.5 347.2 274.5 310.8 41.8 43.7 42.8 40.5 42.1 >-l19 -7 - 3 - 5 384.8 338.2 41.3 ~QV4 -13 - 5 -10 336.8 397.4 367.1 306.3 265.7 286.0 46.2 49.0 47.6 47.5 47.4 47.5 Vl0V6 -1 - 9-1 326.1 289.0 307.6 300.7 408.6 354.6 48.3 47.5 47.9 48.1 51.6 49.8 I-<rV6 - 3 -7 - 4 452.7 418.4 535.6 422.9 336.9 379.6 42.5 43.9 43.2 47.4 48.9 48.2 >-l><'"t:IB4 -10 336.5 387.5 362.0 428.6 272.2 350.4 38.3 39.1 38.7 41.4 40.2 40.8 IT!en13-13-3-5 461.0 348.8 404.9 363.1 324.2 343.6 41.7 39.6 40.6 46.2 44.9 45.615 - 17 - 5 - 8 277.1 459.7 368.4 42.9 45.8 44.4LSD 0.05 154.0 108.9 157.4 113.3 4.4 3.1 3.4 2.4LSD 0.01 204.9 144.9 209.0 147.8 5.8 4.1 4.5 3.9I : Trial I II : Trial II E: Early L: LateT. C. YAP AND K. T. CHEOKvery low compared to that of pod length. Althoughpod yield. of the lines was very unstable underthe two soil types, judging by the results of twotrials, it was found that some lines performedbetter than the check variety, Local Long-I.In these studies, the exotic variety, Taiwan StripeSeed, also performed quite well under localconditions.The ma.in aim for this breeding programmewas to develop high yielding lines; it was foundthat the yielding ability varied in the two trials.It is necessary for further evaluation trials coveringa range of environmental conditions to be carriedout to sort out the yielding ability and adaptabilityof these promising lines. Several experimentshave been conducted recently in various regionsto evaluate these lines more rigorously. It i~hoped that a.s a result of these experiments somerelatively more stable and high yielding lines willemerge and be relea.sed for commercial production.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis reseHch was supported, in part, by theInterm,tional Founda.tion for Science (IFS) inSweden through thc Grant Agreement No. G 201.•85The authors also wish to express their thanksto Professor Mohd. Zain Karim, Dean of theFaculty of Agriculture, and Dr. Abdul HalimHassan, Head of the Department of Agronomyand Horticulture, UPM, for their support andguidance in the study.REFERENCESMAK, C. (1973): Genetic studies of crude proteincontent and some agronomic traits in long bean,Vigna sesquipedalis Fruw. M. Agric. Sci. thesis.Faculty of Agriculture, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur.POH, CT. (1976): Selection studies in early genera-tions of long bean (Vigna sesquipedalis Fruw.) M.Agric. Sci. thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Univer-sity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.YAP, T.C., MAK, C. and POH, C.T. (1976): Geneticstudies and breeding of long beans in Malaysia.Paper presented at National Symposium (SABRAOMalaysia). August 28 - 29,1976.YAP, T.C., POH, C.T. and MAK, C. (1977): Compara-tive studies on selection methods in long beans.Paper presented in the 3rd International Congressof SABRAO, Canberra, Australia. Feb. 11 -18,1977.(Received 19 September 1978)

Evaluation of Some Long Bean Lines Using Early and Late Produced Seeds in Two Soil Types

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Evaluation of Some Long Bean Lines Using Early and Late Produced Seeds in Two Soil Types

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