Gavrylovskiy, I. M.

Gavrylovskiy I. M.

Zhytomyr State University Library

I. M. Gavrylovskiy Research Supervisor: I. I. Yarmoshyk,  Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor (I. Franko Zhytomyr State University) Language tutor: Associate Professor A. V. Kuznyetsova  PETRO KONASHEVYCH-SAGAIDACHNIY AND HIS MILITARY AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY  Many historians investigated the main achievements of the military and political activity of Sagaidachniy. Their names are V. Antonovych, M. Grushevskiy, A. Apanovych. The results of their historical research show the position of Ukrainian historical thought in the first half of the nineteenth century. The purpose of our research is to show the main achievements of his military and political activity and the position of Ukrainian historical thought in the first half of the nineteenth century. Hetman of Ukrainian Registered Cossacks is portrayed as one of the greatest generals in Europe, a statesman and a diplomat. Sagaidachniy came from a family of a Russian orthodox nobleman who had a coat of arms. He studied at the school of Lviv Brotherhood and Ostrog School, which was called Academy at that time. In Zaporizhia, in this «school of life», Sagaidachniy quickly gained a high prestige and became obozniy, later he ran all the artillery camp, then was elected ataman, and Cossack Hetman [3]. So, first and foremost, we should mention his talent of a commander and a tactic. Sagaidachniy reformed the Cossack military forces, turning them into a regular army with strict discipline, besides he developed the strategy and tactics of war. The success of his activities, in this aspect, manifested itself in the successful naval campaigns of 1616 – 1618, when the Cossacks suddenly appeared on the walls of Istanbul, robbed it and freed the slaves. Also, the example of his talent is the Khotyn war of 1621. In one of the battles Sagaidachniy concentrated the forces both on the right and left wings, whereupon the Turkish Sultan Osman II lost about ten thousand elite troops [4]. Also, Sagaidachniy used traditional Cossack tactics of night attacks. He introduced light and maneuverable artillery and well-armed and trained infantry. In general many historians who studied the Khotyn war, agree that the role of the Cossacks in general and Sagaydachniy in particular, became crucial. We can analyze Sagaydachniy's personality in history as a politician and a diplomat. He fought with the Sultan and the Crimean Khanate and he knew that it was too soon to fight with Poland. That’s why he didn’t start confrontation with Rich Pospolyta and used diplomacy to establish and follow his line as for the Polish king and his magnates.  Sagaidachniy fought for the expansion of the Cossack Registry and tried to legalize and formally recognize the Cossack military and political organization and the highest Orthodox hierarchy. In 1620 he and Zaporozhian Host signed in with Kyiv Brotherhood. He supported the Brotherhood financially. A lot of money was donated to Lviv Brotherhood School. The Jerusalem Patriarch Theophan consecrated several Ukrainian priests to become bishops, and renewed the Metropoly of Kiev. That’s why we can say that Sagaidachniy was both an outstanding general and diplomat, as well as the patron of Ukrainian education and culture.  LITERATURE 1. Апанович О. Сагайдачний Петро – український козацький гетьман/ О. Апанович// Кримська Світлиця, 2013. – № 37-42. 2. Кордон М. В. Історія української культури / М. В. Кордон. – Л.: Магнолія, 2006. – 335 с. 3. Огієнко В. «Петро Сагайдачний – руський батько козацької України» Український інститут національної пам'яті/ http://www.istpravda.com.ua/digest/2010/12/22/ 10263/ 4. Чухліб Т. Гетьмани Руси – України. – Донецьк, ТОВ "ВКФ "БАО", – 2012 р. http://haidamaka.org.ua/0223.html 

Petro Konashevych-Sagaidachniy and his military and political activity

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