Survey of aphids on dicotyledonous herbaceous plants along the Hungarian highways on 33 sampling points revealed the presence of the rare cruciferous feeding aphid species Smiela fusca forming small colony on horse radish (Armoracia rusticana). Smiela fusca is not only a new record for the Hungarian aphid fauna, but we found S. fusca colonizing a new host species, A. rusticana

Basky, Zs.

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica

Zs. Basky

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New Record for the Hungarian Aphid Fauna<i>Smiela fusca</i>Mordvilko, 1948

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Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51 (1), pp. 87–91 (2016)DOI: 10.1556/038.51.2016.1.80238–1249/$ 20.00 © 2016 Akadémiai Kiadó, BudapestNew Record for the Hungarian Aphid Fauna  Smiela fusca Mordvilko, 1948ZS. BASKYPlant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,  Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary(Received: 11 November 2015; accepted: 27 November 2015)Survey of aphids on dicotyledonous herbaceous plants along the Hungarian highways on 33 sampling points revealed the presence of the rare cruciferous feeding aphid species Smiela fusca forming small colony on horse radish (Armoracia rusticana). Smiela fusca is not only a new record for the Hungarian aphid fauna, but we found S. fusca colonizing a new host species, A. rusticana. Keywords: Smiela fusca, new host, Armoracia rusticana, Hungary.In order eliminate the difference in level during motorway construction road bed construction requires levelling of the ground (Forman et al., 2002). During this procedure the natural vegetation is destroyed. If the levelling does not remove more than 15–20 cm of soil layer than the root layers can serve propagation purposes. It was observed in case of Silene alba (Mill.) E.H.L. Krause 1893 (Basky, 2015). This species occurred more often on the youngest highway section around Budapest. It indicates that propagation ma-terials of S. alba (seeds or root fragments) were present more often in the upper soil layer than those of other species. The horseradish Armoracia rusticana P Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb. has been culti-vated for its root for over 2000 years (Sampliner and Miller, 2009). Armoracia rusticana is propagated exclusively vegetatively. Cultivated A. rusticana plants are generally sterile. Armoracia rusticana is one of the three species in the genus. A. rusticana is native to Eastern Europe, A. macrocarpa (Waldst. et Kit.) Kit. ex Baumg. 1816 is native to East-ern Europe in marshes of the Central Danube River Basin in Hungary, Czech Republic, former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Slovakia (Al-Shehbaz, 1988; Marhold and Michalková, 2002; Ančev, 2007) and A. sisymbrioides (DC.) Cajander is native to Siberia (Sampliner and Miller, 2009). Armoracia species have white, four-merous flowers and angustiseptate fruits. Mem-bers of the genus prefer wet habitats and commonly spread through rhizomes (Al-Sheh-baz, 1988). Armoracia rusticana can be found in moist habitats, including fields, gardens, weedy areas, farmland, roadsides, ditches and disturbed areas throughout Europe (Al-Sheh baz, 1988). * E-mail: zsuzsabasky@gmail.comBasky: New record of Smiela fusca in HungaryActa Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51, 201688The aphid genus Smiela was erected by Mordvilko 1948 (Doncaster, 1954). Börner (1952a) separated two subgenera: 1 Lipaphis sensu stricto (syn. Lipaphidoides Börner 1939) type Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) and 2 Smiela Mordvilko 1948 type S. fusca Mordvilko 1948. Lipaphis sensu stricto contains rossi Börner 1939, turritella (Wahlgren 1938) and hedickei Börner 1952. L. hedickei is not a valid species (Remaudiére and Remaudiére, 2006). All species are associated with cruciferous host plants. Börner applied the name hedickei to a species forming galls on sea kale (Crambe maritima L. 1753). He included the species Smiela on account of its host plant associations. Börner (1952b, c) and Heinze (1960a, b) mentioned two species Lipaphis (Smiela) turritella and Lipaphis (Smiela) rossi Börner (1952a).Mustaţǎ et al. (2000) reported the presence of Smiela syreniae Bozhko 1963 from Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve. They published identification key for Smiela species: Smiela fusca Mordvilko 1948 from Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 1821 host plant, Smiela schneideri (Hille Ris Lambers 1956), Smiela schneideri schneideri (Hille Ris Lambers 1956) from Isatis glauca Aucher ex Bois from Syria, Smiela schneideri alyssi Mamon-tova-Solukha 1962 from Alyssum tortuosum Willd. 1800 host plant from Crimea, and Smiela syreniae Bozhko 1963 from Erysimum sessiliflorum R. Br., Erysimum canescens Roth 1797 and Syrenia cana (Piller et Mitterp.) Neilr. 1870 host plants from Kazakh-stan. Smiela syreniae was also reported from Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia and Central Asia (Blackman and Eastop, 2006).Materials and MethodsAphids were surveyed on host plants from middle of May till the beginning of July in 2011 and 2012 along the 2655.9 km long highway network of Hungary. Thirty-three evenly distributed sampling places were marked along the highways. The sampling places are published in Kiss et al. (2013). Aphids were collected from host plants with fine camel hair brush. The collected aphid individuals were placed into Eppendorf tubes containing 70% ethanol. Location, sampling date and host plant name were recorded on the labels placed into the tubes. Apterous individuals were slide mounted using the method of Sza-lay-Marzsó (1969). The last step of slide mounting was to dye the cleared individuals according to Kosztarab and Kozár (1978).Aphids were identified based on the identification keys of Blackman and Eastop (2006), Börner (1952a, b, c), Heinze (1960a, b).Results and DiscussionSurvey of the Hungarian motorways revealed the presence of Smiela fusca Mordvilko on the motorway E 5 at Petőfiszállás (Bács-Kiskun county) (46°36’34.4304” N; 19°50’29.7348” E) new species of the Hungarian aphid fauna. Basky: New record of Smiela fusca in HungaryActa Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51, 201689Morphology of Smiela fuscaAptereae are gray-brown, densely covered with wax powder. Body length: 1.4–1.8 mm. Cornicles are black, volcano-shaped. Cauda is paler; it is light brown on the slide mounted specimens. Cauda shorter than its basal with, triangular shaped with rounded apex. Abdomen pale, needle like hairs with dark tuberculate bases are scattered on the abdomen thorax and head (hairs are situated not in rows). The longest abdominal hairs are 3–5 times longer than base of antenna III. The longest abdominal hairs at least twice as long as the hairs on the head. Out of 8 individuals 2 of them had small round 6–8 hardly visible rhinaria at the base of antenna III. There was no rhinaria on ANT. IV. (Fig. 1).Fig. 1. Smiela fuscaBasky: New record of Smiela fusca in HungaryActa Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51, 201690Smiela Mordvilko (Aphidinae: Macrosiphini) the genera includes four palearctic crucifer-feeding species related to Brevicoryne with broad, dark volcano shaped siphun-culy, short cauda (Blackman and Eastop, 2006).The area of distribution of Smiela fusca Mordvilko species is narrow. It is present in Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria (Nieto Nafria, 2011).Our regular survey on the Hungarian motorway network revealed the presence of a rare crucifer-feeding aphid species on A. rusticana. The horse radish has not been men-tioned as host of Smilea species. Next year we went back to the location of occurrence of S. fusca. We found the perennial horse radish plant, but we were not able to find any S. fusca individual in the following year. Smiela fusca was mentioned a gall forming aphid on sea kale, Crambe maritima (Börner, 1952b, c; Heinze, 1960a, b). There was no sign of gall formation on A. rusticana at the feeding site of S. fusca. The colony consisted in 8 apterous individuals. Number of nymphs was not recorded, because only adult aphid individuals can be identified. Here we report Smiela fusca not only new record for the Hungarian aphid fauna, but we found S. fusca colonizing a new host species Armoracia rusticana. AcknowledgementsThe author wishes to thank for financial support of OTKA project number 83829. Grateful thank are due to Dr. Géza Ripka for his valuable advices during manuscript preparation, Ágnes Valiskó Hornyák for mounting the slides and Dr. Levente Kiss for the microscopic photography. LiteratureAl-Shehbaz, I. A. (1988): The genera of Arabideae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the South Eastern United States. J. Arnold Arboretum 69, 85–166.Ančev, M. (2007): Catalogue of the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) in the flora of Bulgaria. Phytologia Bal-canica 13, 153–178.Basky, Zs. (2015): Brachycaudus species on herbaceous plants along highways in Hungary. Acta Phytopathol. et Entomol. Hung. 50, 67–75. Blackman, R. L. and Eastop, V. F. (2006): Aphids on the World’s Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. The Natural History Museum. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. London, England Vol. 1. Host lists and keys. 1024 p, Vol. 2. The Aphids 1415 p. Börner, C. (1952a): Europae Centralis Aphides. Mitteilungen der Thüringischen  Botanischen Gesellschaft 4. Beiheft. 3, 110–112. Börner, C. (1952b): Lipaphis (Smiela) turritella. Mitteilungen der Thüringischen Botanischen Gesellschaft. sup-plement 3, 111 p.Börner, C. (1952c): Lipaphis (Smiela) rossi. Mitteilungen der Thüringischen Botanischen Gesellschaft. supple-ment 3, 111 p.Doncaster, J. P. (1954): Notes on the genus Lipaphis Mordvilko, 1928 (Homoptera, Aphididae) and description of a new species. Proc. Royal Entomol. Soc. of London Series B, Taxonomy, 23, Issue 5–6, 83–88.Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J. A., Clevenger, A. P., Cutshall, C. D., Dale, V. H., Fahrig, L., France, R., Goldman, Ch. R., Heanue, K., Jones., J. A., Swanson, F. J., Turrentine, Th. and Winter, Th. C. (2002): Road Ecology. Science and Solutions. Island Press, Washington, Covelo, London, 481 p.Basky: New record of Smiela fusca in HungaryActa Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 51, 201691Kiss, B., Lengyel, G., Nagy, Z. and Kárpáti, Z. (2013): First record of spotted wing Drosophila [Drosophila suzuki (Matsumura, 1931)] in Hungary. Növényvédelem, 49, 97–99. (in Hungarian)Heinze, K. (1960a): Lipaphis ( Smiela) turritella. Beiträge zur Entomologie 10, 770 p.Heinze, K. (1960b): Lipaphis ( Smiela) rossi. Beiträge zur Entomologie 10, 769 p. Kosztarab, M. and Kozár, F. (1978): Scale Insects – Coccoidea. Fauna Hungariae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 192 p.Marhold, K. and Michalková, E. (2002): Armoracia P. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb. In: K. Goliašová and H. Šípošová (eds): Flóra Slovenska [Flora of Slovakia] 5/4, 310–315, Veda VSAV, Bratislava.Mustaţǎ, G., Mustaţǎ, M. and Maniu, C. (2000): Afide dǎunatoare şi complexul de parazitoizi care le limiteazǎ populaţiile. Rolul biocenozelor parazitoide în pǎstrarea echilibrului natural. Editura CORSON – Iasi. Aphid pest species and their controlling parasitoid complex, the role of parasitoid biocenosis maintaining the natural balance. CORSON – Iasi 252 p.Nieto Nafria, J. M. (2011): Smiela fusca Mordvilko, 1948. Accessed through: Fauna Europaea at http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=56052.Remaudiére, G. and Remaudiére, M. (2006): Catalogue des Aphididae du Monde Homoptera Aphidoidea. INRA, Paris, 478 p.Sampliner, D. S. and Miller, A. J. (2009): Ethnobotany of horseradish: reproductive biology and local uses of Armoracia species (Brassicaceae) in their native ranges. Economic Botany 63, 303–313.Szalay-Marzsó, L. (1969): Levéltetvek a Kertészetben. (Aphids in Horticulture.) Mezőgazdasági Kiadó, Buda-pest, 186 p. (in Hungarian)

New Record for the Hungarian Aphid Fauna Smiela fusca Mordvilko, 1948

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