Hajdú, Juraj

Müller, Tamás

Várkonyi, Levente

Ševc, Ján

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 Corrective notice to the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri, Walbaum 1792) 1 record from the Black Sea 2  3  4 Juraj Hajdú 1, Levente Várkonyi 2, Ján Ševc1, Tamás Müller 2*,  5  6 1 Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, Ul. 17. Novembra 1, 7 Prešov, Slovakia, hajdu.juraj@gmail.com 8 2 Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management 9 Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Szent István University, 10 Páter K. u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary, muller.tamas@mkk.szie.hu 11  12 Abstract  13  14 Raykov et al. (2012) recorded the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) from the Black 15 Sea, at a depth of 36.3–41 m. Morphometric comparison of the pictured specimen with 10 16 adult U. krameri and published data was conducted which excluded its taxonomic affiliation 17 to Umbridae family.   18  19 Keywords: morphometric parameters; endangered fish; taxonomic revision,   20  21  22  23  24  25  26 27  Introduction 28  29 European mudminnow (Umbra krameri) is an endemic stagnophil species of the Danube and 30 Dniester river drainages (Lelek 1987), inhabiting marshes and lowland waters densely 31 overgrown by aquatic vegetation (Wilhelm 2003, Pekárik et al. 2014). The species is 32 threatened by extinction in many of its original habitats (Simić et al. 2007). According to 33 IUCN Red List it is categorized as "Vulnerable" since its isolated and decrescent populations 34 are estimated to have declined by more than 30% in the past 10 years (Freyhof 2011). Raykov 35 et al. (2012) reported the first record of U. krameri in Romanian territorial waters of the Black 36 Sea, in south-eastern direction from the mouth of the Sfântu Gheorghe Danube River arm at 37 the 36.3–41 meters of depth. According to authors’ results the genetic markers found after 38 analyses of one non-enzymatic and six enzymatic systems encoded by totally 18 loci could be 39 used for the species identification. The authors provided the picture of the captured species 40 that differed anatomically from the European mudminnow (see Figure 1). According to this 41 observation Yankova et al. (2013) cited this fish species as non-invasive for the Black Sea. 42 The aim of this study was to demonstrate the morphometric distinction of the specimen 43 reported by Raykov et al. (2012) from the test sample of U. krameri originating from native 44 freshwater populations, considering also the available literature data (Berinkey 1966, 45 Wanzenböck 1996). 46  47 Material and methods 48  49 The fish specimen described from the Black Sea by Raykov et al. (2012) as U. krameri was the 50 object of our morphometric investigation (Fig. 1). Test sample consisted of 10 adult individuals 51 of U. krameri originating from native freshwater populations (Müller et al. 2011, Bajomi et al. 52  2013). Altogether 11 external morphometric parameters (Fig. 2, Table 1) measured according 53 to Specziár et al. (2009) recalculated in % of Standard length (Holčík and Hensel 1972) were 54 used for comparative analysis. Since the European mudminnow is strictly protected, all 55 morphometric treatments were conducted according to photographs using ImageJ software 56 (Rasband 2012). Each measurement was taken as the shortest (direct) distance between two 57 corresponding reference points. Dixon’s Q-test was used for detection of outliers in data sets 58 consisting of related parameters of the Black Sea specimen and the test sample originating from 59 freshwater populations (Dixon and Massey 1969). 60  61 Results and discussion 62  63 According to our morphometric treatment significant differences were found for the specimen 64 described from the Black Sea by Raykov et al. (2012) compared to the test sample of U. 65 krameri originating from native freshwater populations. According to Dixon’s Q-test the 66 Black Sea specimen (Fig. 1) differed significantly from the freshwater sample in 8 parameters 67 that proved to be significant outliers within data sets at the significance level of 5% (Table 1, 68 Fig. 2). Furthermore, five parameters proved to be outliers at the significance level of 1% 69 (Table 1). The most apparent differences (p<0.01) were found in ratios of PEVD, PVD, LD, 70 VAD and MAXH, followed by PDD, CP and PHL (Table 1) which proved to be significant as 71 well (p<0.01).  Apart from this, there is some obvious differences of the described specimen 72 from U. krameri; for instance pectoral fins of the European mudminnow originate near the 73 bottom of abdomen in equal horizontal line to its ventral fins (Fig. 2). Contrary to this, the 74 ventral fins of the published species are situated well forward and almost beneath the pectoral 75 fins (thoracic position), that is a typical feature of Perciformes (Fig. 1). Moreover, several 76 additional morphological features show that the species discovered by Raykov et al. (2012) 77  does not belong to the genus Umbra (Umbridae, Esociformes). In case of U. krameri a single 78 dorsal fin is situated in the second half of the body (Wanzenböck 1996) and originates directly 79 above the origin of the pelvic fins (Fig. 2). In contrast to this, there is a double dorsal fin of 80 the published species situated in the median line of the body, originating behind the base of 81 the pelvic fins (Fig. 1). The presence of the teeth on the operculum of the Black Sea specimen 82 (Fig. 1) is a morphological feature characteristic for Perciformes which is never present in 83 Umbridae. 84  85 Conclusion 86  87 Based on our morphometric comparison, serious misidentification can be stated for the 88 species described from the Black Sea by Raykov et al. (2012). This specimen differed 89 significantly from the U. krameri in 8 examined parameters (Table 1). Since the European 90 mudminnow requires very specific habitat (Pekárik et al. 2014) the probability of its 91 occurrence in such extreme environment as described by Raykov et al. (2012) is very low. 92 Although the size and condition of the examined sample did not allow more precise 93 determination of the species, several morphometric features of the Black sea specimen 94 suggest its taxonomic affiliation to the order Perciformes. 95  96 Acknowledgements:  97 The research has been supported by Bolyai János research grant (BO 54/12/4) and Research 98 Centre of Excellence-9878/2015/FEKUT and by the agency of Ministry of Education, 99 Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak republic, the project ITMS: 26110230119. 100  101 102  References 103  104 Bajomi B., Tatár S., Tóth B., Demény F., Müllerné T.M., Urbányi B., Müller T. 2013. 105 Captive-breeding, re-introduction and supplementation of European Mudminnow in Hungary, 106 pp. 15–20. In: Soorae P. S. (ed.), Global re-introduction perspectives. Re-introduction case-107 studies from around the globe IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group. Abu Dhabi, 108 United Arab Emirates.  109  110 Berinkey L. 1966. Halak – Pisces. Magyarország állatvilága (Fauna Hungariae)[Fishes –  111 Pisces. Hungarian fauna]. Vol. XX/2, Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 32–33.. 112  113 Dixon W.J., Massey F.J. 1969. Introduction to statistical analysis. Mc Graw-Hill Company 114 Inc, New York. 115  116 Freyhof J. 2011. Umbra krameri. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 117 Version 2012.2. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 31.12.2014). 118  119 Holčík J., Hensel K. 1972. Ichtyologická príručka [Handbook of ichthyology]. Obzor, 120 Bratislava, Slovakia, 1–217.  121 Lelek, A., 1987: The Freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol 9. Threatened fishes of Europe. – 122 AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 123  124 Müller T., Balovan B., Tatár S., Müllerné-Trenovszki M., Urbányi B., Demény F. 2011.Lápi 125 póc (Umbra krameri) szaporítása és nevelése a természetesvízi állományok fenntartása és 126 megerősítése érdekében.. Pisces Hungarici 5: 15–20. 127   128 Pekárik L., Hajdú J., Koščo, J. 2014. Identifying the key habitat characteristics of threatened 129 European mudminnow (Umbra krameri, Walbaum 1792). Fundam. Appl. Limnol. 184 (2): 130 151–159.  131  132 Rasband W.S. 2012. ImageJ, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 133 http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ (accessed 30.6.2014) 134  135 Simić V., Simić S., Paunović M., Cakić, P. 2007. Model of the assessment of the critical risk 136 of extinction and the priorities of protection of endangered aquatic species at the national 137 level. Biodiversity Conservation 16: 2471–2493.  138  139 Specziár A., Bercsényi M., Müller T. 2009. Morphological characteristics of hybrid pikeperch 140 (Sander lucioperca female × Sander volgensis male) (Osteichthyes, Percidae). Acta 141 Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 55 (1): 37–52. 142  143 Raykov V., Panayotova M., Ivanova P., Dobrovolov I., Maximov V. 2012. First record and 144 allozyme data of European mudminnow Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792 (Pisces: Umbridae) 145 in the Black Sea. Comptes rendus de l’Academie bulgare des Sciences 65 (1): 49–52. 146  147 Wanzenböck J. 1996. Workshop II. Conversation of European mudminnow, Umbra krameri, 148 pp. 339–340. In.: Kirchhofer A., Hefti D. (eds.), Conservation of endangered freshwater fish 149 in Europe. Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin. 150  151  Wilhelm A. 2003. Growth of the mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum) in river Ér. Tiscia, 152 34: 57–60.  153  154 Yankova M., Pavlov D., Ivanova P., Karpova E., Boltachev A., Bat L., Oral M., Mgeladze M.  155 2013. Annoted checklist of the non native fish species (Pisces) of the Black Sea. J. Black 156 Sea/Medditerranean Environment 19 (2): 247-255.  157  158 159   160  161  162 Figure 1. The specimen from the Black Sea published by Raykov et al. (2012). 163  164  165  166  167 Figure 2. Morphometric parameters used for the analysis. Full names of parameters are given 168 in Table 1. Background picture according to Berinkey (1966). 169  170  171  172 173  Table 1. Comparison of morphometric data and results of the comparative analysis. * 174 Parameters proved to be significant. 175  176 Abbrev. Measured Black sea U. krameri Dixon’s Q-test  parameter specimen freshwater p <0.05 p <0.01 SL Standard length (mm) 69 57.5±5.1 - - TL Total length (mm) 80 71.1±6.2 - - PDD Predorsal distance 42.8 52.2±2.9 *  PAD Preanal distance 61.9 68.2±1.9    PVD Preventral distance 33.8 53.8±1.4  * * PEVD Distance between pectoral and ventral fins 2.4 21.0±1.6  * * LD Length of dorsal fin base 30.4 24.6±1.0  * * VAD Ventral-anal fin distance 27.6 15.6±1.8 * * CP Length of caudal peduncle 28 17.3±2.6 *  PODD Postdorsal distance 26.3 19.6±2.2   HL Head length 33.1 29.6±2.0   MAXH Maximum body height 35.4 24.4±1.3 * * MINH Minimum body height 14.8 13.3±0.5   PHL Postorbital head length 20.6 16.3±1.2 *   177  178  179  180 

Corrective notice to the European mudminnow (Umbra krameri, Walbaum 1792) 1 record from the Black Sea

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