Az észak-lengyelországi Wielbark lelőhelye (a Wielbark-kultúra névadója) a gótok, gepidák és más keleti germán népek őshazájának tartott Visztula-torkolatvidék egyik legfontosabb temetője, amit a Kr. e. 1. századtól a Kr. u. 5. századig használtak. Egy nemzetközi Erasmus program keretében az ELTE Régészettudományi Intézete ennek feltárásában vehetett részt, a cikk a régészeti eredmények rövid ismertetése

Hullám, Dénes

Rácz, Zsófia

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Dissertationes Archaeologicaeex Instituto ArchaeologicoUniversitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominataeSer. 3. No. 1.Budapest 2013Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominataeSer. 3. No. 1.Editor-in-chief:Dávid BartusEditorial board:László BartosiewiczLászló BorhyIstván FeldGábor KallaPál RaczkyMiklós SzabóTivadar VidaTechnical editors:Dávid BartusGábor VácziAndrás BödőcsProofreading:Zsófia KondéSzilvia SzöllősiAvailable online at htp://dissarch.elte.huContact: dissarch@btk.elte.hu© Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Archaeological Sciences Budapest 2013ContentsArticlesMelinda Torbágyi – István Vida 7Te coin hoard of AbasárAnikó Bózsa 21Roman mirrors from a private collection in the Hungarian National MuseumLajos Juhász 45Te Biesheim cameo – a reinterpretationMethodsPéter Csippán 53Az állatcsont, mint információhordozó leletanyagKata Dévai 85Terminológiai alapfogalmak régészeti korú üvegtárgyak elemzéséhezLőrinc Timár – Zoltán Czajlik – Sándor Puszta – Balázs Holl 1133D reconstructions using GPR data at the Mont BeuvrayField reportsZsolt Mester 121Excavation at a new Upper Palaeolithic site of the Eger region (Northern Hungary)László Borhy – Dávid Bartus – Emese Számadó 129Short report on the excavations at Brigetio (Szőny-Vásártér) in 2013Dénes Hullám – Zsófa Rácz 141Report on the participation of the Eötvös Loránd University at the Wielbark ArchaeologicalField School in Malbork-Wielbark, PolandGábor Váczi – Dávid Bartus 147Short report on the excavations at the site Makó – Igási UgarMaxim Mordovin 153Short report on the excavations in 2013 of the Department of Hungarian Medievaland Early Modern Archaeology (Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)Thesis abstractsKiti Köhler 179Biological reconstruction of the Late Neolithic Lengyel CultureGábor Váczi 205Cultural connections and interactions of Eastern Transdanubia during the Urnfeld periodOrsolya Láng 231Urban problems in the civil town of Aquincum: the so-called „northern band”Nikoleta Sey 251Qestions of bronze workshops in Roman PannoniaKata Dévai 259Glass vessels from Late Roman times found in graves in the Hungarian part of PannoniaEszter Horváth 275Gemstone and glass inlaid fne metalwork from the Carpathian Basin:the Hunnic and Early Merovingian PeriodsGergely Szenthe 303Vegetal ornaments in the Late Avar decorative artPéter Langó 321Relations between the Carpathian Basin and South East Europe during the 10th century.Te evidence of the minor objectsCiprián Horváth 331Te Cemeteries and Grave Finds of Győr and Moson Counties from the Timeof the Hungarian Conquest and the Early Árpádian AgeAndrás Sófalvi 339Te border- and self-defence of Szeklers from the Medieval Age till the Age of Principality.Castles and other defence objects in the setlement history of UdvarhelyszékReport on the participation of the Eötvös Loránd Universityat the Wielbark Archaeological Field Schoolin Malbork-Wielbark, PolandDénes Hullám Zsófia RáczDéri Museum Institute of Archaeological SciencesDebrecen Eötvös Loránd Universityhullamd@gmail.com zsofa_racz@yahoo.deAbstractPhD, MA and BA students of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences (Eötvös Loránd University) took partin the Erasmus Archaeological Summer Field School in Malbork-Wielbark, Poland (Fig. 1) in 2012 1 and2013.2 Te coordinator of the three years planned Erasmus intensive program is Dr. habil. Jörg Kleemann(Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) with the partnership of the universities of Poland (Uniwersytet MarieCurie-Skłodowskiej Lublin; Uniwersytet Szczeciński), Germany (Ruhr-Universität, Bochum), the Czech Re-public (Univerzita Hradec Králové), Spain (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) and Hungary (Eötvös LorándUniversity). News and results of the excavation are available at htp://ipwafs.hu-berlin.de.History of the excavations at the Wielbark cemeteryMalbork-Wielbark Site Nr. 1. is one of the most important cemeteries of the Wielbark-cul-ture (named afer this site), which dominated the Upper Vistula Region in the Late Iron andImperial Ages. Te territory of this archaeological culture is identifed as the homeland ofthe Goths, Gepids and other Eastern Germanic tribes.3 Te site is situated in a forest reser-vation in the bend of the Nogat River. A 1.5–2 m high sand layer covers the Late Iron Age –Imperial Age cultural layer, which was moved here in the 13th century.Te cemetery is known from the 1870’s due to some stray fnds and a small excavation. 4 Tehistory of the archaeological feld and its materials were connected very closely to militaryactivities and political changes afer World War I. Te site was rediscovered when the armyestablished a practicing ground in the forest. Excavations started with Kurt Voigtmann’sleadership at the site called Willenberg Nr. 1. (so-called Heidnische Preussen). During thefve years of the excavation seasons 1.5–2 hectares of Late Iron Age – Imperial Age biritualcemetery came to light, with the last grave number of 1733 in 1932. Afer some other smallexcavations in 1934 and 1936 nearly 140 new objects turned up.5 Te results of the excava-tions have never been published. In 1945 the building of the city museum, where the fnds1 1 In the frst season (08.07.20112 – 05.09.20112) Adrienn Blay, Bernadet Kovacsóczy, Anna Varga, Levente Samu, ZoltánTóth and Dénes Hullám spent four weeks at the excavation with the leadership of Zsófa Rácz.1 2 In the second season (07.07.20113 – 04.08.20113) Anna Koltai, Dóra Szabó, Júlia Trembeczki, Bence Gulyás, and ZalánAndrás Szalai spent four weeks there with the leadership of Dénes Hullám.1 3 Bierbrauer 1998, 407–418.1 4 Kleemann 2010, 355.1 5 Kleemann 2010, 356–357.DissArch Ser. 3. No. 1 (2013) 141–146.Dénes Hullám – Zsófa Ráczand documentations were kept, have been destroyed.6 Researches only continued afer along break, when collaborators of the Malbork Castle Museum (Muzeum Zamkowe w Mal-borku) successfully identifed the site with small trenches in the 1980s.7In 2004 Jörg Kleemann found the copies of the Merienburg city museum’s reports originat-ing from between 1927 and 1931, in the library of the University of Fulda.8 Summarizing thehistory of the Wielbark fnd place, Kleemann determined:  „Nunmehr bekommt der MythosWielbark stan. 1 „Heidnische Preussen” zumehmend ein reales Gesicht, das einerseits erschreck-end ist in Hinsicht auf den fast vollständigen Verlust der archäologischen Funde sowie auch derFotografen, Zeichnungen, Feldtagebücher und einer Kartothek mit zuletzt 762 Blätern über diewichtigsten  Grabfunde  umfassenden Dokumentation.  Andererseits  liegt  nun  für  die  großenGrabungen bis 1932 ein vollständiger Gräberfeldplan vor, der zusammen mit den mehr oderweniger ausführlichen Angaben der Jahresberichte den Ausgangspunkt für die Rekonstruktiondes Gräberfeldes als archäologischer Qelle bildete.” He digitalized the newly discovered mapsand tried to interpret the documentations together with the reports.9Afer  this,  new excavations  started  with  the  aim to  localize  former  German excavationtrenches and to fnd the borders of the cemetery. In 2008 and 2010 small feld works wereorganised in the forest with the leadership of Jörg Kleemann, in a partnership with the Uni-versity of Lublin. Afer the authentications the Erasmus-sponsored feld school and plannedexcavations began in 2012.The 2012 and 2013 excavation seasonsIn the beginning, the primary aspect of seting out trenches was to connect to former Ger-man excavations trenches (Fig. 2–3). In the frst season more than 100, one year later further100 new objects came to light from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. New cremation graves oc-curred with 1–1.5 m diameter oval or circle-shaped pits with the remains of a pile (flled inwith a great many of charcoal and some calcined bone fragments) or without this (light,sandy fll-in with less charcoal and calcined bone fragments). Te graves or grave groupswere usually marked with a whinstone. Te burials were mainly dug into each other, some-times pit complexes occurred (Fig. 4). Only a few urn graves were found in the new parts ofthe cemetery, in some cases with the remains of a pile (in strongly ashy pits) or just alone inthe sand on a higher level  (Fig. 5).  Inhumations were also found in south-north orientedgrave pits. In case it was possible to observe, skeletons were in a slightly contracted posi-tion. Inhumations were ofen disturbed by cremation burials, thus their pits with light fllingslightly diferent from the subsoil were not always visible. Preservation conditions are verybad for bones in sandy subsoil, thus sometimes only small bone fragments or teeth markedthe deceased (Fig. 6). In higher levels small circle-shaped, shallow pits were observed in su-perposition, with black, burned charcoal flling, but without any materials or human re-mains. Te function of these pits are unknown, maybe they can be associated with ritualsclosing burials.1 6 Selected materials from the cemetery were published in contemporary monographs: Bohnsack 1938; Schindler 1940.1 7 Kleemann 2010, 357.1 8 Subsisted  Wielbark  materials  from former  German excavations  were  published  from various  Polish  museums inSekuła 2006.1 9 Kleemann 2010, 357–370.142Report on the participation of the Eötvös Loránd University at the Wielbark Archaeological Field School.Typical archaeological materials from Wielbark-culture graves are most ofen elements ofclothing or jewelleries: brooches (bronze or silver), bracelets (bronze or silver), beads, beltftings and belt buckles.Te Achilles point of the Wielbark cemetery is the interpretation and chronological determi-nation of the groups of cremations and inhumations. It can be presumed that superpositionsare not occasional, but conscious ground using is possible. Small social or family groups re-ceived certain places where they buried for a long period of time.Te site of Wielbark has a signifcant importance in the region’s history in the Late Iron andImperial periods. Although only sporadically, some elements of this cultural circle arrived tothe Carpathian Basin as well. Te work carried out within the archaeological feld schooland in corporation with various universities has given new experiences to the participants.In the next season, in 2014 the international feld school will continue with the goal of locat-ing the western and northern borders of the cemetery.BibliographyBierbrauer, V. 1998: s.v. Goten. II.  Archäologisches.  In:  Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertums-kunde 12. Berlin – New York, 407–426.Bohnsack, D. 1938: Die Burgunden in Ostdeutschland und Polen während des letzten Jahrhunderts v.Chr. Lepzig.Kleemann, J.  2010: Mehr als ein Mythos – Bemerkungen zum Gräberfeld von Malbork-Wielbark. In:Theune, C. – Biermann, F. – Struwe, R. – H. Jeute, G. (Hrsg.), Zwischen Fjorden und Steppe.Festschrif für Johan Callmer zum 65. Geburtstag. Internationale Archäologie, Studia honorariaBd. 31. Rahden/Westf., 355–374.Schindler, R. 1940:  Die Besiedlungsgeschichte der Goten und Gepiden im unterenWeichselraum aufGrund der Tongefäße. Leipzig.Sekuła, M. 2006: Ocalałe zabytki pochodzące z badań niemeckich na cmentarzysku w Malborku-Wielbarku w zbiorach muzeów polskich. In:  Nowakowski, W. – Szela, A. (eds.),  Pograniczetrzech światów. Kontakty kultur przeworskiej, wielbarskiej i bogaczewskiej w świetle materiałówz badań i poszukiwań archeologicznych. Warszawa, 175–223.143Dénes Hullám – Zsófa RáczFig. 1. Te distribution area of the Wielbark culture and Malbork-Wielbark Site Nr. 1.Fig. 2. Malbork-Wielbark Nr. 1: Trenches of former German excavations (1927-32) and the new research.144Report on the participation of the Eötvös Loránd University at the Wielbark Archaeological Field School.Fig. 3.  Malbork-Wielbark Nr. 1: Afer deforestation and before topsoil stripping in 2012.Fig. 4–5. Malbork-Wielbark Nr. 1: Spots of cremation graves in trench No. 1. (lef) and urn grave (right) in 2012.145Dénes Hullám – Zsófa Rácz Fig. 6. Malbork-Wielbark Nr. 1: Inhumation grave in 2012 (Drawing: L. Samu – A. A. Király).146

Report on the participation of the Eötvös Loránd University at the Wielbark Archaeological Field School in Malbork-Wielbark, Poland

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PhD, MA and BA students of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences (Eötvös Loránd University) took part in the Erasmus Archaeological Summer Field School in Malbork-Wielbark, Poland (Fig. 1) in 2012 and 2013. The coordinator of the three years planned Erasmus intensive program is Dr. habil. Jörg Kleemann (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) with the partnership of the universities of Poland (Uniwersytet Marie Curie-Skłodowskiej Lublin; Uniwersytet Szczeciński), Germany (Ruhr-Universität, Bochum), the Czech Republic (Univerzita Hradec Králové), Spain (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) and Hungary (Eötvös Loránd University). News and results of the excavation are available at http://ipwafs.hu-berlin.de.<br /

Dénes Hullám

Zsófia Rácz

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Report on the participation of the Eötvös Loránd University at the Wielbark Archaeological Field School in Malbork-Wielbark, Poland

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