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Cassinis, R.

Lechi, G. M.

Marino, C. M.

Tonelli, A. M.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

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LA~C):X.-\;'OItIO PER LA CEOFISCA dELL.4 1-1TOSFER.4 20131 MILASO.  ..... . ..... ..... . .... .. I 
Contribution n f  Skyla5  m 2 t i s ~ e c t r z l  
i cagery  t o  t h p  remote sensing stu2ies 
oZ X c u ~ t  Etna volczno. 
Coizves t i ~ a t  o r s  : G.51.Lzchi 
c . ~ : . I , : w ~ z o  
A.  12. T 3 m l l i  
(E74- 10775) CONTRIBUTION OF SKYLAB 
IULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY TO THE R E H O T E  
SENSING STUCIES OF HOUNZ ETNA VOLCANO 
Progress Report  (Consiglio Nazionale dei le  
Ricerche, Milan)  9 p HC $3.25 CSCL 08F 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740026629 2020-03-23T02:23:11+00:00Z
The problem of the  volcanic s u r v e i l l m c e  and cont ro l  hss 
been c a c f t l l l y  cocsidered over the  last f i v e  years. 
Par t i cu la r  e f f o r t  has been xade i n  the  development of Re- 
~ o t e  Sensing Teck.iques due t o  t h e  g rea te r  p o s s i b i l i f y  they of- 
f e r  i n  the  observing and qu-mtifying of a l a r g e  a rea  i n  a short 
./'. - 
tirile . i 
Under t h i s  system :.ie have t w o  p o s s i b i l i t i e s  of czrrying 
out 0v.r. c ~ d . y s i s  ; f i r s t l y  v:e v i i l l  consider the  mul t i spec t ra l  
rr,ethor!s i n  which reflectivity c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s  of bo6ies a re  
st1u2ied; secondly the thernal I . R .  scanning method by which 
Y/hilc with t h e  n~LLt icpcc t rd .  xethod we arc zble t o  use the  
vegetat ion cznony 2s an ind ica to r ,  n i t h  the t h c r n a l  I .R.  scan- 
cing systca vie x-dyse d i r e c t l y  the  enerL= radia ted  from the  
. surface nhich i s  prcr5uced by i n t e r n a l  vo lcmic  z c t i v i t y .  
Them i s  a f ~ ~ n d a m e n t d  d i s t i n c t i o n  t o  be made bett::ecn tkc , 
two  ne thads .  Caiiie with the  K.S. a shor t  delay-time can be observed 
betvieen maoa movenent and r e f l e c t i v i t y  neepzge at the  vege- I 
t a t i o n  canopy, with t h e  I . R .  method the  delzy b e t w e e n  t he  c ~ u -  
.I . 
s e  m d  the thermal e f fec t  i s  considerably longer. 
Another f a c t o r  t o  be noted i s  t h a t  the  i.R. method i s  ap- 
g l i ccb le  orily i n  caszs of secondary volcznic a c t i v i t y  ( fmz- 
r o l z s ,  g2s vents  a.s.0. ) and not i n  the  cese of open chinney 
E 
C. N. R. 
! ' a. PER LA CEOI'IJICA DELLA LITOSFEHA 
The lest l a t e r z l  eru.ption 09 Xount Etna ( February '74 ) 
offered u s  a new c r i t e r i z  f o r  t h s  forecas t ing  and ~ o n i t o r i n g  
o f  these  n z t u r d  phenomena. 
The hypothesis t o  be proposed cons i s t s  i n  considering 
vegetatlor, 2s an i n t e g r a t o r ,  tila% is ,  the t r a n s l e r  fuxct ion 
f 
betvieen t h e  c'lxmistry of t h e  s o i l  znd the r e f l e c t i v i t y  of the  
lezves  ( Fig.? ). I n  f a c t  s n a l l  but continu.ous movats  o f  nag- 
x a t i c  gases f i l t e r i ~ g  through the  s o i l ,  could inf'lu.ence with 
a delay t h t  has ye t  t o  be ascer tzined,  the spec t ra l  behaviovx 
of t h e  vegztat ive caiopy; t h i s  ecfect  vroulb he p z r t i c v l z r l y  
s t ronz  i n  the  near I . R .  region. 
I n  s m e  cases the decrezse of the r e f l e c t i v i t y  i n  the  ne2-r 
I . R .  region czn be zccompmied by a simultzmous increase of 
thern2L I .Re radiznce (i'ig.2). 
The 2ata  co l l ec ted  by the Skylzb mmuwd s t a t i o n  during 
the  SL3 mission about five ronths before the  paroxismzl event, 
nzs accurztely andgzed.  
The frames correspon2ing t o  the  nezr I .R .  band w r e  pzr- 
t i c l d a r l y  u s e f ~ l l .  
Soxe very i n t e r e s t i n s  observations were a l so  obtzined by 
the  a r a l y s i s  of the  f d s e  colou-r inage: l i n c m e n t s  crossing 
and i n t e r s e c t i n g  over the  erea of the futu.rc eruption were discor- 
nable as well as  sone small c i r c v l z r  areas v;llere t h e  vegei;a,tion 
canopy shozed a reduced r e f l e c t i v i t y .  A f d s e  color  c o x ~ o s i t c  c- 
s i n g  bands 31,32,35 v;zs z l s o  used f o r  the same pu.r;osz (Fig.3) : a 
c l e a r  anoady  c a  be observed utili zinc z  s t rong enlarse!:.ent;. 
ky s p e c i a l i s t s ;  geologis t s ,  b io log i s t s ,  phi topathologis ts  
a d ,  l a s t  but not l e a s t ,  the Her~ote Sensing technicians.  
The multispec tral analys is  was followed by ground ob- 
serva t ions  a d  by a s3ec ia l  z e r i d .  survey, The ground-truth 
co l l ec t ion  cons i s t e s  pr imari ly  i n  observing the  l o c d  geo- 
norpho lo~y ,  c e o l o , ~   an^ ~ h ~ r z c t e r i s t i c s  of the  evergreen 
b e l t  surrovnding t h e  slo?es of Etna. f .  
I n  July "74, f o u r  months a f t e r  the  en.ptio_r, an a e r i a l  
survey vtas c a r r i e d  out usin; both 5-1 1 /, and 1 ,5-2p channels 
(F'ig.4). Airborne f d s e  colour photography vizn a l s o  enq-loyecl 
f o r  the  save purpose of discovering the  phyto-anondies. 
The pzth fol loaeZ w2s that o f  t h e  shz2e of the  evergreen b e l t  
u s e d  a s  2 geo-volcmic in6icztor .  
It  i s  t o  be noted t h a t  the evergreen b e l t  which i s  for- 
med by a f a i r l y  const a z ~ t  phyt  oassocia t i  on sv.rro~mc?s the  s lo-  
pes jmt e t  the a l t i t u d e  where c i v i l  d i sas te r  due t o  a pos- 
s i b l e  eruption i s  impending, m d  the  ?sneer of lava ou-tflows 
i s  a r e z l i t y .  
J=vring the  plzy-beck ;)ha.se and dztc processing we in t ro -  
duced s spec ia l  kind of treatment, t h a t  of considering the  
r a t i o  betwze_r the  near  I . R .  r e f l ec ted  energy znd t he  erritted 
one. 
I n  f a c t  we assvned t h a t  i n  ul a.norza1ou.s a rea  l i k e  t h a t  
of  a s o i l  a f fec ted  by gas v e ~ t s  and covered by vegetation, 
t h e  r e f l e c t i v i t y  i n  t h e  nezr I.R. d r d ~ s  while the corrispon- 
din2 m i t t  ed radiance increases.  The r z t i o  enphasizes these 
m a l l  r e l s t i v c  f l u c  t u r t i  on occu.;l.r.ing between the i n f  ornat ion 
consiZerc.d above. 
Sox2 xonths b e f o r e ,  ciurins the ervption of t:.Etna of Fe- 
'r:?:a~ry ' 7 4  m o t h e r  a c r i d  silrvcy \.:EX ca r r i e2  o1r.t usfgg 2 t l l c r -  
: :ov is ion  s cmcr  mountc6 on bawd 2n I t d i m  1:ovjr he l icopter .  
. - 1 . - - ------ -. - --. a i 
C. N. H. 3 Foglio N. .. ............ 
1 J. PER 1.A CEOFISICA DELLA LITOSFERA 
. ---. - - ----- 
_ _ _  ___ _-. - -  .---- 
I 
The p r inc ipa l  t a sk  of these f l i g h t s  ( 7 f l i g h t s  ;':er-:! p e r f ~ ? -  ' 
with d i f f e r e n t  l i g h t  con2itions ) ?;;as the  ::.onitorin: of 9 
possible  new c l e f t  cqer tures  i n  t he  surrcvncXngs of the  eru.:j- 
t ion .  The t h e r n d  wlonaly c lose  t o  the l ava  flo-:: o c t l i m d  
the  reduced p o s s i b i l i t y  of the  f o r x e s t i n g  of v o l c m i c  e n s -  
t i o n  using only t he  t h e r r a l  I . R .  band over ar ~ c t i v e  arez, 
s e e x  t o  Ix very m a l l .  The surface he-k distri21,:..tio~ i s  
stron& r e l a t e $  t o  t h e  therrnal conGUctiuity of t 5 e  l z ~ e r s  
beneat'n' t ' : ~  s w f z c e  m d  t o  the v c l o c i t ~  of rr.e,-~-z 4 r.0-ierr,en$s 
i n s i d e  t h c  v o l c m i c  StrVcture. 
Ther:rlsl I .R. remote sensing teckniqies  CFZI 2c considered 
f o r  o ther  types of volcmoes a new t c o l  fol- zzzning, Cescri- 
I t a l i a n  volcanic areas: t h e  r e s u l t s  of t h e  r e c ~ e t i t . i c n  of t3:c 
e i rborne  I.H. survey caspared t o  the  previoxs 2zta 
Czssinis PI, tIarino C.3:. , Tonelli  A.K. 
Proceedings of : Ninth In te rna t iona l  Symposiun; 02 2exote Sen- 
s i n g  of B w i r o n ~ e n t  - Ann Arbor, IXc'nigm - Qril 15'74 ). 
Professor Rokzrto C ~ s s i n i s  
. near 1.R. 
r e f l e c t i v i t y  
input out pu.t ! PLAiu'T : 
-3 I integrative function q 
chexislry of 4 - - . - l -  r e f l e c t i v i t y  of lczve- : 
soil in t h e  ncilr i.i!. rc;;i;;? 
p l a t  ~ c c m u . l a t c s  the  
effects of  n a ~ x z t i c  gases 
I.R. 
cor16ition 
FIG. 2 
FIG. 3 
4 .  Thcrxop-em of Etna volcano, in the zone of the e r u p t i o c  cf 
February '74. A - near I.R. r e f l e c t i on  ( bane 1,5-2p); 
B - thermal c~iesioa ( t , m 6  5-1 l / ) . 
. . .  


Contribution of Skylab multispectral imagery to the remote sensing studies of Mount Etna volcano

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