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Wiegand, C. L.

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TITLE: "Irrigation Scheduling, Freeze Warning and Soil Salinity Detecting"
E 7. 5 - 1 0.1. 9. 8
NUMBER OF INVESTIGATION: SKYLAB EREP NO. 356-1 ( / ;)
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B "Wd uavulJble under NASA sponsowiip
th the interest of early and wide dis.
siPERIOD COVERED: March, 1975 nation of Earth Resources SurveyPERIOD COVERED: March, 1975 Progam information and *AllMt * b vProgram information an wIhot IobII
for any use made thereot."
TYPE OF REPORT: Monthly Progress Report #15
TECHNICAL MONITOR: Clayton Forbes, Mail Code TF6
Principal Investigations Management Office
NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
Houston, TX 77058
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand
SPONSORING INSTITUTION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service
P. O. Box 267
Weslaco, TX 78596
DATE PREPARED: April, 1975 NUMBER OF PAGES: 5
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS:
Cameron County Saline Soil Study
INTRODUCTION
The multispectral scanner (MSS) digital data summarization from the
eight saline study areas in Cameron County, for the Bendix 24-band MSS,
the SKYLAB S192 MSS, and the LANDSAT-1 MSS has been finished and corre-
lation analysis of these data with electrical conductivity (ECe) measure-
ments have been completed. The saline soil study and ECe measurements
taken are described in the Weslaco SKYLAB MPR #9, dated September, 1974.
Coverage of Bendix 24-band MSS data and SKYLAB S192 MSS data for the
saline soil study area are described in the Weslaco SKYLAB MPR #11, dated
November, 1974, and the Weslaco SKYLAB MPR #13, dated January, 1975, res-
pectively. The coverage from LANDSAT-1 has only recently been determined
and has not been reported to date.
(E75-10198) IRRIGATION SCHEDULING, FREEZE N75-2172
WARNING, AND SOIL SALINITY DETECTING.
Monthly Progress Report, Har. .1975
(Agricultural Research Service) 5 p Unclas
HC $3.25 CSCL 02C G3/43 00198
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750013651 2020-03-22T23:28:34+00:00Z
2MATERIALS AND METHODS
Computer compatible digital tapes (CCT) were obtained from four data
sources: the December 11, 1973, Mission 258 aircraft overflights (Bendix
24-band MSS) at 5,700 ft and 16,000 ft; the December 11, 1973, LANDSAT-1
overpass (4-band MSS); and the December 5, 1973, SKYLAB overpass (13-band
MSS). Threshold values for distinguishing among water, vegetation, and
bare soil were determined using band 10 (0.981 to 1.045 pm) for the Bendix
24-band MSS, band 7 (0.78 to 0.88 pm) for the SKYLAB S192 13-band MSS,
and MSS 7 (0.8 to 1.1 pm) for the LANDSAT-1 4-band MSS. These threshold
values permitted studies of salinity effects on bare soil and vegetation
separately and also permitted editing out MSS digital values caused by
water. Additional threshold values were determined for the SKYLAB S192
MSS data to permit editing out digital values caused by clouds and cloud
shadows.
Line printer gray maps were generated, using CCT, for each of the
four MSS data sources to locate the MSS digital data values corresponding
to the eight saline study areas. The mean MSS digital data values within
each saline area was determined for bare soil and vegetation categories
separately. Simple linear correlation analysis was used to relate the ECe
measurements to the mean MSS digital data values from bare soil and vegetation
separately for each of the four data sources. Correlation analysis of ECe
measurements was also determined for the digital value difference and ratio
between bare soil and vegetation. The rationale was that the reflectance
contrast between bare soil and vegetation (i.e., MSS digital value differ-
ence or ratio between bare soil and vegetation) should be better indicators
of salinity effects than bare soil or vegetation individually.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Simple linear correlation analysis showed that Bendix 24-band MSS
digital data collected at 5,700 ft was better correlated to ECe measure-
ments than MSS data collected at 16,000 ft. Correlation coefficients
(Table 1) ranging from 0.045 to -0.853** for MSS data collected at 5,700
ft and ranging from 0.0 to -0.828** for MSS data collected at 16,000 ft,
considering bare soil (BS), vegetation (VEG), VEG-BS, and VEG/BS, support
this conclusion.
Multispectral scanner data collected at 5,700 ft was correlated
highest with ECe measurements for the difference between vegetation and
bare soil (r = -0.853**; band 23) as compared with bare soil (r = 0.827**;
band 9), vegetation (r = -0.826**; band 23), and the ratio of vegetation
and bare soil (r = -0.841**; band 23). At 16,000 ft the ratio of vegetation
and bare soil was correlated highest (r = -0.862**; band 7) with ECe measure-
ments. These results show that a measure of the vegetation and bare soil
contrast is the best indicator of saline soil effects, as compared to vege-
tation and bare soil individually, at aircraft altitudes.
3Initially, correlation analysis showed that SKYLAB S192 and LANDSAT-1
MSS mean digital values were not very well correlated to ECe measurements
as compared to the Bendix 24-band MSS data. Correlation coefficients
(Table 2) ranging from 0.029 to -0.656**, for S192 MSS data (N = 7), and
0.075 to -0.568* for LANDSAT-1 MSS data (N = 8), show that even though
some of these correlations were significant, they were too small to be
conclusive. Using graphical methods it was found that saline area H,
using SKYLAB S192 MSS data, and saline area G, using LANDSAT-1 MSS data,
deviated significantly from a linear relationship with ECe -measurements,
and were deleted from the analysis and new correlation coefficients deter-
mined.
The new correlation coefficients (Table 2) show that the SKYLAB S192
MSS data and LANDSAT-1 MSS data are highly correlated to the ECe measure-
ments. Correlation coefficients ranging from 0.051 to -0.963**, for
SKYLAB S192 MSS data (N = 6), and ranging from 0.170 to -0.859**, for
LANDSAT-1 MSS data (N = 7), considering bare soil (BS), vegetation (VEG),
VEG-BS, and VEG/BS, support this conclusion.
Highest correlations were found using the difference between vegetation
and bare soil, for both SKYLAB S192 MSS data (r = -0.963**; band 10) and
LANDSAT-1 MSS data (r = -0.859**; band 7), as compared with bare soil,
vegetation, or the vegetation and bare soil ratio. These results show
that a measure of the vegetation and bare soil contrast is the best
indicator of saline soil effects, as compared to vegetation and bare
soil individually, at satellite altitudes as well as aircraft altitudes.
CONCLUSION
Saline areas selected in Cameron County with low, medium, and high
salinity levels may be distinguishable using MSS digital data from either
aircraft or satellite altitudes. A measure of the contrast between
vegetation and bare soil was found to be the best indicator of saline
soil effects, as compared to vegetation and bare soil individually.
Starr County Saline Soil Study
A manuscript is being prepared entitled "Distinguishing Saline from
Nonsaline Rangelands with SKYLAB Imagery," by J. H. Everitt, A. H. Gerber-
mann, and J. A. Cuellar. We tentatively plan to include a preliminary
draft of the paper in the next report.
ORIGINAL PAGE IS
OF POOR QUALITY
TABLE 1 SIMPLE LINEAR CORRELATION ANALYSIS RELATING SOIL SALINITY LEVELS
(ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVIIY RLADIN) TO10 EACH OF BARe SOIL (BS),VEUETATION
(VEG), VEG-BS9 AND VEG/BS BENDIX Z4 BAND MSS DIbItAL DATA* DATA WAS
COLLECTED FROM PAREDES LINE RUAU ANU FARM RUAU blu ON DECEMBER 11, 1976
FROM EIGHT SALINE SOIL AREAS AT '700 FEET ANU 16,000 FEET,
BENDIX SALINITY AREAS A THROUGH H SALINITY ARLA? A THROUGH F
MSS CORRELATED WITH (N=8; 59700 FT): CORRELAIED wItH (N=6; 16,000 FT):
BANDS - - - w - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - w - - - - - - - - -
BARE SOIL VEGETATION VEG-BS VEG/aS BARE SOIL VLGLTATION VLG-BS VEG/BS
(BS) (VEbt (BS) (VEG)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 0.671** U241 -0 -0747* .721** -0.067 -0.303 -0*01 -*0,06
2 0.686** -0.pUb -0.805** -U.761** 0.357 -0.210 -0,258 -0.250
3 0.656** -0.2,6 -0.779** -0,759** 0.156 -0.290 -0,415 -0.421
4 -0.769** -0.81l** -0,531 -U,219 0,155 -00177 -0.183 -0.178
5 0.778** 0.12 -0.679** .G.665 0.255 -0,042 -0123 -0.107
6 *0,437 -U,463 .0,260 .U,24-3 0,267 -0.140 -0,067 -0.029
7 0.664** -0.235 -0.S555 -U528b* 0.627* -0.247 -0.828**-0.862**
8 0.225 -,655** -.0.503* .U.,9b 0.526 -0.296 -0,790**-0.851**
9 0.827** 0.728, -0.68** -0.621* 0.645* -0.314 -0.706* -0.812**
10 0.258 -0.617* -0.487 -U.444 0,787** -00291 -0,b49 -0.616*
11 0,763** U.015 .0.620* .0,60U6 0.487 -0.308 -03594 -0.411
12 -0,750** -U.76+** -0,269 -0,0i7 0.180 -0.334 -0.382 -03,71
1: 0.790** U.74U** -0.850** -U,69** -0,088 -0443 -0.160 -0,253
14 0.528* -U,3uu .,706** -u,68** -0.418 0.316 0.413 0,411
15 -0.464 -0.561* -0,158 .U,221 0,210 0,252 -0.166 -0.167
16 0.747** -0.706** -0.257 -U,*3( 0.000 -0.413 -0.413 -0.000
17 -0.241 -0,465 -0,414 -U.44 0,254 0.403 -0.167 -0.159
18 0,462 -0.016 -0,711** -,b0)4** 0,268 0,b72 -0.094 -0.086
19 -0,740,* -,7Tb8** -0,174 .u,36u 0,210 0,396 -0,120 -0.118
20 0.510* 0.0t7 -0.657** -Uu.5U1S 0.013 -0,379 -0,142 -0.167
21 -0.565* -0.71'** -0.54 -U0.~7 0.058 -0.220 -0.165 -0.168
22 0.045 -U,50* -0,615* -. ,591* 0,072 -0.072 -0.162 -0.168
23 -0.139 -U.0826* -0.853** -U,841** 0,501 0.096 -0,331 -0.625
24 0,471 -i0.41 -0,41* -U.19* 0.591 -0.124 -0,707* -0,644*
* SIGNIFICANT AT THE b% PROBABILITY LLVL
** SIGNIFICANT AT THE 1% PROBABILITY LEVL ,
TABLE 2 SIMPLE LINEAR CORRELATION ANALYSIS RELATING SOIL iALINITY LEVLLS
(ELECTRICAL CUNDUCTIVITY REAUINGS) TO EACH OF BARL SOIL (BS), VEGETA-
TION (VLG), VEO-BS ANO VEG/Bb MS UIGITAL UATA* DATA WAS COLLECTEU
FROM PAREDES ROAD AND FARM ROAD o10 ON THE uECEMqfR 5, 1973 SKYLAB
OVERPASS FROM SEVEN SALINE SO'L AREAs AND DECEMbE' 11, 1973 LANUsAI-1
OVERPASS FROM LIGHT SALINE SOlL AREAS.
S192 SALINITY ARLAS AB,C,D,F,G,AND H SALINITY AMEAS AIBCD,FAND G
NSS CORRELATED WITH IN=7): CORRELATED WiTl (N=6):
BAND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NUMBER BARE SOIL VL6ETATION VEG-BS VE"/bS bARE SOIL VEUEIATION VEG-BS VEG/BS
(BS) (VEs) (BS) (VLG)
1 .0,437 -0,418 -0,607 -0.294 .0,458 -ul,81 -0,389 -09676
2 0,327 -0,6b5 -0,428 -0.434 0*588* -U,75 -0.527 -0.530
3 0.153 -u0,67 .0,362 -u.370 0.430 .u4358 -0o,56 -,462
4 0.05 -0*0O -0,367 -0.396 0.078 -U.*7 2  -0.505 "0.543
5 -0,357 -U,4 5 -0,463 -O.470 -0.354 -U, 4+5 -0,92 -0,507
6 -0.110 -0. n7* -0.640 -0312 -0.136 -0.b253 -0*739**-0.727**
7 0.000 -0.656** -0,293 -0.27b 0.162 0.929** -0.946**-0.865**
8 0.062 -0,2b9 -0,198 -0.213 0.159 -OU 93 -0,862**-0.688*
9 0.670** -0.116 -0.455 -0.520 0.936** -U. 4  -0,876**-0.905**
10 0.029 -0.s48* -0.277 -0.278 0.184 -uf60U** 0,963**-0.869**
11 0.064 -0.U4 -0,499 -0.47- 0.083 -0.b26* -0,722**-0.680*
12 0.05 U  -0.Tb7* -0.b13 -0.50. 0.051 -0,649* -0.569 -0.566
13 0.420 -U.157 -0.374 00- -0. - .368 0,424 -U.18u Q 423 -0,416
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
LAND SALINITY AREAS A THROUGH H SALINITY AREAS A,BC,D,EF,
SAT-1 CORRELATEU WITH (N=8): AND H CORReLATeD WITH (N=7):
BAND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---. . .... . . ..
NUMBER BARE SOIL VEGETATION VEG-BS VE"/ b BARE SOIL VEEIATION VEU-8S VEG/BS
(BS) (VEU6 (BS) (VLU)
4 0.34 0,.14 -0,U75 -0.09b 0.397 U.441 -0.280 -u.z92
5 0,37 0.!OU 0,126 0*008 0.268 U.568 -0.170 -U.183
6 -0,192 -0.6t5 -0,365 -0.324 q405 0U,85* -0.780*-0,749**
7 -0,245 -U.668* -0.496 -0"461 -0,730** UO.74** -0.859**-0,835*
a SIGNIFICANT Al THE b3 PROBABILITY LLVLL.
** SIGNIFICANT AT THE 1% PROBABILITY LLVLL. ORIGIAL PAGE IS
OF POOR QUALITY


Irrigation scheduling, freeze warning, and soil salinity detecting

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