The author has identified the following significant results. The multidisciplinary application of multispectral scanner data acquired over central Japan revealed several coastal features including pollution, river effluent, shorelines, red tide, etc. Supporting data were obtained by airborne remote sensing

Maruyasu, T.

Ochiai, H.

English

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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760011502 2020-03-22T17:04:07+00:00Z
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SIS Code	 902.5
LAr,DSAT
Investigation ho. 28990
Multidisciplinary Application of
LANDSAT-2 Data to Marine Environment
in Central Japan
Hiroaki OCHIAI
Toba Merchant Marine Colle;e
Toba-shi, Japan
(E76-14169) INVESTIC3TiON OF ENVIRONhvNTAL
	
N76- 16590
CHANGE PATTERN IN JAPAN: MULTIDISCIPLINARY
APPLICATION OF LANDSAI-2 DATA TO MARINE 	 unclas
ENVIRONMENT IN CENT£AI JAPAN (Science Univ.
cf Tokyo (Ja pan) •)	 17p,fiC $3.50	
CSCL 08A G3/43 00169
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RIGINAL CONTAINS
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`,i
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ORIGINAL PAGrN 13
OF POOR QUALrlW
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Multidisciplinary Application of 	 SIS Code	 902.6
i
LANDSAT-2 Data to Marine Environment	 LANDSAT
in Central Japan 	 Investigation No. 25990
Hiroaki OCHIAI
Toba Merchant Marine College, Toba-shi,
Japan
Abstract
P
Remote sensed data obtained by LANDSAT-2 is very useful
^ 	 for the monitoring the marine environment through the year. In
this quarterly progress report, the author described the
multidisciplinary application of multi spectral scanner data
acquired over central Japan revealed several coastal features
including pollution, river effluent, coastal process and etc.
with the supporting data obtained by air-born remote sensing.
1 Introduction
The objective of this LANDSAT-2 study is to analyze the
marine environment in central Japan and continue the monitoring
of it. So, the author set up the test sites in Ise Bay, The
Sea of Kumano and Lake Suwa where several coastal features were
experienced recently. In this report, the author pointed out
the two main topics depend on the special observations with
aircraft and vessels. One of the two main topics is the detection
of the most effective wavelength for monitoring of red fide and
another one topic is the estimation of water exchange between_
Ise Bay and The Sea of Kumano:Pacific Ocean.
2 Techniques
2--1 Aircraft and Instrument
Before the launching of LANDSAT-2 the author started the
pre observation for the purpose of collecting the foundamental
data around Ise Bay showed in Figure 1 and Figure 2 by the
technique of air-born remote-sensing using two types of aircraft..
One is a Cessna-402 showed in Figure 3 and another one is
YS-11 turbo jet plane which were equiped with multi spectral
scanner. Used multi spectral scanner were two types; Daedalus
1250 eleven channels multi spectral scanner and JSCAN-AT--12M
showed in Figure 4 which have twelve wavelength from UV channel
to thermal channel. JSCAN-AT-12M multi spectral scanner is
developed in the author t s study group.1 11
F^tt
ELI
Ire
MSS-4 imagery of LANDSAT-2 around Tse Bay.C^l	 --
SeP. 11, 1975
trt
I 
r
Figure I
Figure 2 Locations of test site.
2
REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE
ORIGINAL PAGE IS POOR
9
'1	 s
w
Figure 3 Observation aircraft Cessna--402.
Figure 4 Multi Spectral Scanner U SCAN-At--12M.
PRODUCMTLITY OP
3 ERIC-^i:AL 'AGE LS FWA
i
After the successful launching of LANBSAT-2, the author
tried special observations synchronized with the LANDSAT-2
passing over the test site three times.
2-2 Sea truth data collection
Sea truth data were collected with observation vessels
in two types. One hydroboat equiped with a thermometer and
a salinometer was used for the daily observation. This
hydroboat is engaging daily service for passenger between Toba
and Gamagori.and, she across the Ise Bay four times for 'a
day, so, we could obtaine temperature profile and salinity
profile recorded on the paper. In Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay
several observation vessels belong to the fisheries experiments
are collecting the marine environmental data as routane works
and obtained data would be send to the author immediately.
3 Accomplishment
3--1 Red tide monitoring
Ise Bay which is surrounded by Aichi and Mie Prefecture is
connected with The Sea of Kumano;Pacific Ocean through the narrow
water ways Irago and Momotori Channel and it has the total amount
of water dimension 2.06 X10 km.  As shown in Figure 2, Ise Bay
is divided in two parts by Chita Peninsula and western half of
it is called Ise Bay and easter half is called Mikawa Bay.
Mikawa Bay is again divided in two parts by islands-which
are located between Morozaki and Yakayama Channel and small
western half is named as Chita Bay and large eastern half is
named as Mikawa, Bay.
Recently, almost Ise Bay including small bays is rapidly
polluted by industrial effluent and social discharge from
surrounded area. So, we have experienced so many red tide
through the year. The total record of red tide appearance was
more than one hundred case in 1g?5 around Ise Bay.
On January 29, we experienced a severe red tide around the
mouth of Kiso River in spite of cold season once we have never
experienced anywhere in winter. As shown in Table 1, more than
fourty five cases of notable re p tide were reported last year and
some of them were not only very severe, the scale also
reportable.
4
1Table	 1	 Report of red tide sighted in
Ise and Mikawa Bay(only notable case)
Date Area Color Bate Area Color
1975
Jan. 29 Mouth of Kiso Brown June 16 Western coast Brown
S River of central Ise
30 Bay
March 26 Southwest part Yellow June 19 Gamagori Port Brown
of Ise Bay S Eastern part of Light
April 7 Along the west- Light 20 Mikawa Bay brown
ern coast of - brown June 25 Almost area of Brown
central Ise Bay S Mikawa Bay
April 9 Eastern part of Brawn 30 Toyohashi Port Brown
Mikawa Bay July 6 Mouth of Toyo Green
ll River
April 16 Northwest part Yellow July 9 Western coast Brown
S of Ise Bay S of central Ise
17 11 Bay
May - 1 Eastern part of Pink July 15 Eastern part of Pink
Mikawa Bay S Mikawa Bay
May 7 Eastern part of Light 16 Along the west- Brown
Mikawa Bay brown S ern coast of
8 Kinuuara Port 17 Chita Peninsula
May 21 Kinuura Port Light Aug. 11 Yokkaichi Port Brown
brown Aug. 20 Central part of Pink
May 23 Western coast Pink Ise Bay
of central Ise Aug. 26 Southwest part Light
Bay of Ise Bay brown.
May 26 Western coast Brown Aug. 27 Yokkaichi Port Dark
of northern Ise green
Bay Gamagori Port Black
Nagoya Port Brown Aug. 28 Matsuzaka Port Brown
Northern part Brown
of Ise Bay 30
May 26 Eastern part of Brown. Sept. 1 Southwest coast Light
S Mikawa Bay of Ise Bay brown.
May 27 Sept. 2 Kinuura Port
May 28 Northern coast Brown Sept. 2 Southwest coast Light
of eastern S of Ise Bay brown
Jae 3 Mikawa Bay Sept. 48 Northern part Light
June 3 Western coast Pink of Ise Bay brown
central Ise Eastern part of Green
S
of
Bay Mikawa Bay
4 Eastern coast Pink Almost area of Brown
of .Ise Bay 10 Mikawa Bay
Kinuura Port Brown Oct. 1 Almost area of Brown
June 6 Western coast Brown S Mikawa Day
of Ise Bay 3 Kinuura Port
June 10 Eastern part of Brown Oct. 8 Eastern part of Brown
Mikawa Bay 5 Mikawa Bay
1 10
5
S'
R Op "..
Figure 5 Enlarged MSS-4 imagery showed in
Figure 1. Black arrows means the
areas of red tide occured.
Figure 6 Aerial photographs detected red tide
in Mikawa Bay near Toyohashi Port.
Sept. 11, 1975(10-OOJST)
6	 C IL't-W1 v'AL FA ;IF TS FJuii
Figure 7 Thermal imageries obtained by aircraft
around Nikawa Bay where red tide were
occured. Sept. 11, 1975(10-10JST)
7
REPRODUCIBILITY OF 'CIE
aRIGINAL ?AGE, IS POOR
iI
1.wa^ S•'
Especially, red tide sighted on May 7— 8 in-Mikawa Bay,
May 26--27 in Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay, June 10-14 and June 25-30
in Mikawa Bay, August 26—September 4 in Ise Bay and September
8-10 were very notable. Because, on these days, a large amount
of fish and shell were diseased in the erea where red tide were
spreaded. Between-,.early April to late December LANDSAT-2 passed
over Ise Bay sixteen times. So, if the remote sensed data were
collected and reproduced,on all times, we could found out a lot
of red tide patterns in imagery. But, now, the author received
only one scene detected on September 11, 1975 when the special
experiment by author was tried around M-Ikawa Bay.
1
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5 : several patterns
estimated as red tide were detent.;d in MSS-4 imageries in northern
part of Ise Bay, Chita Bay and eastern Mikawa Bay. In these area
the severe red tide were continued about ten-days till September
10. So,the detected patterns were estimated as red tide pattern.
By the remote sensed data obtained by aircraft around the
eastern Mikawa Bay, these patterns were recognized as red tide. In
Figure 6 aerial color photograph near Toyohashi Port, we could
point out the red tide pattern in brown color just the same color
reported on September 10, the day before in this area.
In thermal imageries showed in Figure 7, red tide patterns
were detected distincly in the area pointed out in Figure 5•and
Figure 6. Depend on the author's experience, the most effective
wavelength for the monitoring of red tide consisted by Noctiluca
is remarked as thermal channel of air-born multi spectral scanner
and it was already reported to NASA (1) . For the red tide consisted
by Prorocentrum the most effective wavelength is considered as
thermal channel on this experiment. So the author expects the
successful launching of LANDSAT-C. Under the present condition
of LANDSAT-2, the most effective wavelength for all kind of red
tide were estimated as MSS-4.channel.
3-2 Water exchange:	 i
For the purpose of monitoring of marine environment in Ise
Bay, it is very important task to inquire the water exchange
around the mouth of bay: As result of vessel's survey, the water
from Pacific Ocean is not so invade into Ise Bay beyond 20 km 	 'y
from the mouth, of the bay.
8
5
dy^
T:
-1
i
R rmsa l frC
	 y
i
AL
	
a
Figure 8 Mosaic of thermal imageries obtained
by aircraft around the entrance of
Ise Bay.
Oct. 24, 1974(15-12 ,15-36JST) Alt. 2900m
Figure 9 Mosaic of thermal imageries obtained
by aircraft around Mikawa Bay.
Oct. 24, 1974(10-42--.
 11-45JST) Alt. 5330m
9	
c; RC@UC'Bi ILITY OF THL
^RIcPNA, PAGE IS POOR
^^i
In Figure 1 and Figure 5, we could found out a front around
the entrance of Mikawa Bay between Irago and Morozaki.. This
front is estimated as the boundary of oceanic water from the
Pacific Ocean. Warm water mass from Pacific Ocean is dam up by
cold water mass consisted in Mikawa Bay and cold water mass is
estimated as influence of cold water from Yahagi River. As shown
in Figure 8 and Figure 9,detected..by air--born multi spectral
scanner s
 a large scale thermal front)is clarified around Irago
Channel distinctly. The cold water from the Yahagi River is also
well detected in Figure 9 as a thermal pattern.
The temperature difference at thermal front is estimated as
2°C in this case. Compared with Ise Bay, why the water. in Mikawa
Bay is so polluted is considered as its water exchange- is
disturbed by this thermal front through the year, especially in
warm season. In previous day, we could-.not-found out this
thermal front from the data observed by vessel's routine survey
or special survey around the Irago Channel._ Although the reason
why the oceanic water from the Pacific Ocean does not enter to.
Mikawa Bay was assumed by Unoki (2) as that it was caused by
topographical condition of sea bottom around the entrance of bay,
the author would"like'to stress that cold water from the Yahagi
River is more influent to disturb the proceeding of oceanic
water.
3-3 Ccastal change
The most effective wavelength for the detection of coast
line is already clarified as MSS-7 channel in the author's
previous report concern with LANBSAT-1. In Figure 10, we could
pointed out the difference of coast line in northern part of
Ise Bay near the mouth of Kiso River and Yokkaichi. Port. In
Figure 11, we also could pointed out the difference of coast
Line in eastern part of Mikawa Bay around Toyohashi Port.
In several areas indicated by black arrows large scale
reclamation works has been continuing for the purpose of
increasing the site for industry or agriculture and we could
understood the state of reclamation works clearly. Around the
Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay almost coastal change were caused by the
reclamation works.
10
(a) ,Ian. 3, 1973
	 (b) Sept. 11, 1975
Figure 10 Coastal Change in northern part of
Ise Bay.
I
f
4
^.) Jan.
	 3, 197 3	 (b) Sept. 11, 1975
Figure 11 Coastal change in eastern part of
Mikawa Bay.
11	 wRODUaBILm of TOR
PAGE is rwR
A
i'I
1
3-4 Cold water mass
In early June of 1975, a cold water mass in large scale was
suddenly appeared off the southern coast of Kyushu. This cold water
mass is considered that it was consisted by up welling which is
stronger than ordinary year. By the report of The Hydrographic
Department of Maritime Safety Agency, the cold water mass shafted
its position toward the northeast direction in very slow speed.
On the beginning of August the cold water mass was located at
the position of 90 km from Shionomisaki in southeast direction and
at this position it changed the proceeding direction to southeast.
The center position of cold water mass in early September was
180 km from Shionomi.saki in southeast direction and the boundary of
it was 220 km in major axis and 110 km in minor axis. The boundary
of it was expanded as two times compared with one month ago. The
water temperature at the depth of 100 m was 16 0 C, and at the depth
of 200 m was 12°C in early September. These temperature were 50or
6°C colder than at the sam6 level in Kuroshio'Current. So, warm
Kuroshio Current was seriously influenced its moving direction.
As shown in Figure 12, Kuroshio Current has been meandered
around the cold water mass and as the result of meandering a warm
core was also consisted between two branch current of Kuroshio. In
Figure 13, a eddy in large scale was detected in MSS-4 imagery and
the scale of it exceed ..30 _km in major axis. This anti-clookwise
eddy was estimated as the pattern of plankton which growth in the
area of up-welling and it was' farmed by opposite flows of Kuroshio
Current around the northwest corner of cold water mass.
3-5 River effluent
In Figure 13, river effluent from the Kumano River was identified
clearly and it was recognized that the boundary of river effluence
was influenced more than 50 km from the mouth of the river. After
the heavy raining,.the water quality of Kumano River was so polluted
by suspended sediments that we:could found out the disribution
pattern beyond Shionomi.saki. The most effective wavelength for
the monitoring of river effluent was considered as MSS-4 channel,
especially for the river where polluted by suspended sediments lake
as the Kumano River.
x©N-3x0
NI
SK^Y^^
	 Sh i ono-
misaki ^''^^'/ Early Middle
SKL	 Aug. "'Aug.
Oilr ... WE
[LYa–t-7e -:- Earl	 -	 E
Au- 	 Sept.
132E
	 -` 136E	 140E
Figure 12 Location of cold water mass and
abnormal flows of Kuroshio current
from early August to early September
of 1975.
13
a.
I
w
E
Figure 13 Enlarged MISS- 4 imagery which indicated
the boundary of cold water mass.
Sept. 11, 1975.
Rf5?R0DUCIBILITY OF THE
11T{`^T	
PAGE IS POOR'
14
E
'E
In Figur.: 1, River effluent from the Tenryu River was indicated
with black arrow and it was extended to eastwards along the coast
line. Depend on the authors experience, the expanding pattern
i to eastwards is not normaly, because in another imageries obtained
by LANDSAT-1, almost expanding patterns of river effluent from the
Tenryu River were extended to westwards.
As shown in Figure 12, one of the branch current of Kuroshio
Current was so approached to coast line abnormaly in last September
that, the river effluent from the Tenryu River was influenced in
4
expanding direction toward to east.
3-6 Water bloom
Depend on the rapidly increasing of industrial and social
effluence from the coastal area, the environment of Lake Suwa
is seriously bad condition. As shown in Figure 14, we could found
out the pattern estimated as the pollution in HISS--6 imagery.
So, the author tried special experiment around the Lake Suwa
in last October using air-born remote sensing. As shown in Figure
15, Lake Suwa was polluted with the water bloom:Microcytis
ae.ruginosa in warm season during the period the water temperature
of the lake exceed 18°C and the reason why Lake Suwa was so polluted
would be considered that the abnormal increasing of COD, 14H,,--N
and P01,-P. As the analysis of multi spectral scanner data obtained
by aircraft were not compleated nova, the author would like to
report in next progressive report. Detected pattern in LANDSAT
imagery was estimated that just the same pattern detected in
aerial photograph caused by ship's discharge current.
4 Conclusion
Although the data the author received were not so much in
this period some of them were very useful data for the purpose
of inquiry about marine environment. So, the author would like
to receive more data acquired over central Japan.
References
(1) H. Ochiai: Application of SKYLAB Imagery to Marine Environment
.round Japan, Final report of SKYLAB study.
(2) S. Unoki: Mean data of marine environment and water exchange
in Ise Bay, Report on circulation system of polluted material
in Ise Bay,
15
W.
06-A ,
0 4Km
Figure 14
I
Take Suwa -
W
Ito
Af
Enlarged MSS-6 imagery
detected water:blo om in
Lake Suwa. Sept. 11, 1975
qP
(a) Mid summer condition
(b) Early autumn condition
Figure 15 Aerial photograph mosaics of Lake Suwa.
16
--I IN	
InIF
JCT^ - T C)T
0 , WCN M,


Investigation of Environmental Change Pattern in Japan: Multidisciplinary Application of LANDSAT-2 Data to Marine Environment in Central Japan

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