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Wiegand, C. L.

English

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Irrigation scheduling, freeze warning and soil salinity detecting

TITLE: "Irrigation Scheduling, Freeze Warning and Soil Salinity Detecting"
E 7. 5 - 1 0.1. 9. 8
NUMBER OF INVESTIGATION: SKYLAB EREP NO. 356-1 ( / ;)
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B "Wd uavulJble under NASA sponsowiip
th the interest of early and wide dis.
siPERIOD COVERED: March, 1975 nation of Earth Resources SurveyPERIOD COVERED: March, 1975 Progam information and *AllMt * b vProgram information an wIhot IobII
for any use made thereot."
TYPE OF REPORT: Monthly Progress Report #15
TECHNICAL MONITOR: Clayton Forbes, Mail Code TF6
Principal Investigations Management Office
NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
Houston, TX 77058
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand
SPONSORING INSTITUTION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service
P. O. Box 267
Weslaco, TX 78596
DATE PREPARED: April, 1975 NUMBER OF PAGES: 5
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS:
Cameron County Saline Soil Study
INTRODUCTION
The multispectral scanner (MSS) digital data summarization from the
eight saline study areas in Cameron County, for the Bendix 24-band MSS,
the SKYLAB S192 MSS, and the LANDSAT-1 MSS has been finished and corre-
lation analysis of these data with electrical conductivity (ECe) measure-
ments have been completed. The saline soil study and ECe measurements
taken are described in the Weslaco SKYLAB MPR #9, dated September, 1974.
Coverage of Bendix 24-band MSS data and SKYLAB S192 MSS data for the
saline soil study area are described in the Weslaco SKYLAB MPR #11, dated
November, 1974, and the Weslaco SKYLAB MPR #13, dated January, 1975, res-
pectively. The coverage from LANDSAT-1 has only recently been determined
and has not been reported to date.
(E75-10198) IRRIGATION SCHEDULING, FREEZE N75-2172
WARNING, AND SOIL SALINITY DETECTING.
Monthly Progress Report, Har. .1975
(Agricultural Research Service) 5 p Unclas
HC $3.25 CSCL 02C G3/43 00198
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750013651 2020-03-22T23:28:34+00:00Z
2MATERIALS AND METHODS
Computer compatible digital tapes (CCT) were obtained from four data
sources: the December 11, 1973, Mission 258 aircraft overflights (Bendix
24-band MSS) at 5,700 ft and 16,000 ft; the December 11, 1973, LANDSAT-1
overpass (4-band MSS); and the December 5, 1973, SKYLAB overpass (13-band
MSS). Threshold values for distinguishing among water, vegetation, and
bare soil were determined using band 10 (0.981 to 1.045 pm) for the Bendix
24-band MSS, band 7 (0.78 to 0.88 pm) for the SKYLAB S192 13-band MSS,
and MSS 7 (0.8 to 1.1 pm) for the LANDSAT-1 4-band MSS. These threshold
values permitted studies of salinity effects on bare soil and vegetation
separately and also permitted editing out MSS digital values caused by
water. Additional threshold values were determined for the SKYLAB S192
MSS data to permit editing out digital values caused by clouds and cloud
shadows.
Line printer gray maps were generated, using CCT, for each of the
four MSS data sources to locate the MSS digital data values corresponding
to the eight saline study areas. The mean MSS digital data values within
each saline area was determined for bare soil and vegetation categories
separately. Simple linear correlation analysis was used to relate the ECe
measurements to the mean MSS digital data values from bare soil and vegetation
separately for each of the four data sources. Correlation analysis of ECe
measurements was also determined for the digital value difference and ratio
between bare soil and vegetation. The rationale was that the reflectance
contrast between bare soil and vegetation (i.e., MSS digital value differ-
ence or ratio between bare soil and vegetation) should be better indicators
of salinity effects than bare soil or vegetation individually.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Simple linear correlation analysis showed that Bendix 24-band MSS
digital data collected at 5,700 ft was better correlated to ECe measure-
ments than MSS data collected at 16,000 ft. Correlation coefficients
(Table 1) ranging from 0.045 to -0.853** for MSS data collected at 5,700
ft and ranging from 0.0 to -0.828** for MSS data collected at 16,000 ft,
considering bare soil (BS), vegetation (VEG), VEG-BS, and VEG/BS, support
this conclusion.
Multispectral scanner data collected at 5,700 ft was correlated
highest with ECe measurements for the difference between vegetation and
bare soil (r = -0.853**; band 23) as compared with bare soil (r = 0.827**;
band 9), vegetation (r = -0.826**; band 23), and the ratio of vegetation
and bare soil (r = -0.841**; band 23). At 16,000 ft the ratio of vegetation
and bare soil was correlated highest (r = -0.862**; band 7) with ECe measure-
ments. These results show that a measure of the vegetation and bare soil
contrast is the best indicator of saline soil effects, as compared to vege-
tation and bare soil individually, at aircraft altitudes.
3Initially, correlation analysis showed that SKYLAB S192 and LANDSAT-1
MSS mean digital values were not very well correlated to ECe measurements
as compared to the Bendix 24-band MSS data. Correlation coefficients
(Table 2) ranging from 0.029 to -0.656**, for S192 MSS data (N = 7), and
0.075 to -0.568* for LANDSAT-1 MSS data (N = 8), show that even though
some of these correlations were significant, they were too small to be
conclusive. Using graphical methods it was found that saline area H,
using SKYLAB S192 MSS data, and saline area G, using LANDSAT-1 MSS data,
deviated significantly from a linear relationship with ECe -measurements,
and were deleted from the analysis and new correlation coefficients deter-
mined.
The new correlation coefficients (Table 2) show that the SKYLAB S192
MSS data and LANDSAT-1 MSS data are highly correlated to the ECe measure-
ments. Correlation coefficients ranging from 0.051 to -0.963**, for
SKYLAB S192 MSS data (N = 6), and ranging from 0.170 to -0.859**, for
LANDSAT-1 MSS data (N = 7), considering bare soil (BS), vegetation (VEG),
VEG-BS, and VEG/BS, support this conclusion.
Highest correlations were found using the difference between vegetation
and bare soil, for both SKYLAB S192 MSS data (r = -0.963**; band 10) and
LANDSAT-1 MSS data (r = -0.859**; band 7), as compared with bare soil,
vegetation, or the vegetation and bare soil ratio. These results show
that a measure of the vegetation and bare soil contrast is the best
indicator of saline soil effects, as compared to vegetation and bare
soil individually, at satellite altitudes as well as aircraft altitudes.
CONCLUSION
Saline areas selected in Cameron County with low, medium, and high
salinity levels may be distinguishable using MSS digital data from either
aircraft or satellite altitudes. A measure of the contrast between
vegetation and bare soil was found to be the best indicator of saline
soil effects, as compared to vegetation and bare soil individually.
Starr County Saline Soil Study
A manuscript is being prepared entitled "Distinguishing Saline from
Nonsaline Rangelands with SKYLAB Imagery," by J. H. Everitt, A. H. Gerber-
mann, and J. A. Cuellar. We tentatively plan to include a preliminary
draft of the paper in the next report.
ORIGINAL PAGE IS
OF POOR QUALITY
TABLE 1 SIMPLE LINEAR CORRELATION ANALYSIS RELATING SOIL SALINITY LEVELS
(ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVIIY RLADIN) TO10 EACH OF BARe SOIL (BS),VEUETATION
(VEG), VEG-BS9 AND VEG/BS BENDIX Z4 BAND MSS DIbItAL DATA* DATA WAS
COLLECTED FROM PAREDES LINE RUAU ANU FARM RUAU blu ON DECEMBER 11, 1976
FROM EIGHT SALINE SOIL AREAS AT '700 FEET ANU 16,000 FEET,
BENDIX SALINITY AREAS A THROUGH H SALINITY ARLA? A THROUGH F
MSS CORRELATED WITH (N=8; 59700 FT): CORRELAIED wItH (N=6; 16,000 FT):
BANDS - - - w - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - w - - - - - - - - -
BARE SOIL VEGETATION VEG-BS VEG/aS BARE SOIL VLGLTATION VLG-BS VEG/BS
(BS) (VEbt (BS) (VEG)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 0.671** U241 -0 -0747* .721** -0.067 -0.303 -0*01 -*0,06
2 0.686** -0.pUb -0.805** -U.761** 0.357 -0.210 -0,258 -0.250
3 0.656** -0.2,6 -0.779** -0,759** 0.156 -0.290 -0,415 -0.421
4 -0.769** -0.81l** -0,531 -U,219 0,155 -00177 -0.183 -0.178
5 0.778** 0.12 -0.679** .G.665 0.255 -0,042 -0123 -0.107
6 *0,437 -U,463 .0,260 .U,24-3 0,267 -0.140 -0,067 -0.029
7 0.664** -0.235 -0.S555 -U528b* 0.627* -0.247 -0.828**-0.862**
8 0.225 -,655** -.0.503* .U.,9b 0.526 -0.296 -0,790**-0.851**
9 0.827** 0.728, -0.68** -0.621* 0.645* -0.314 -0.706* -0.812**
10 0.258 -0.617* -0.487 -U.444 0,787** -00291 -0,b49 -0.616*
11 0,763** U.015 .0.620* .0,60U6 0.487 -0.308 -03594 -0.411
12 -0,750** -U.76+** -0,269 -0,0i7 0.180 -0.334 -0.382 -03,71
1: 0.790** U.74U** -0.850** -U,69** -0,088 -0443 -0.160 -0,253
14 0.528* -U,3uu .,706** -u,68** -0.418 0.316 0.413 0,411
15 -0.464 -0.561* -0,158 .U,221 0,210 0,252 -0.166 -0.167
16 0.747** -0.706** -0.257 -U,*3( 0.000 -0.413 -0.413 -0.000
17 -0.241 -0,465 -0,414 -U.44 0,254 0.403 -0.167 -0.159
18 0,462 -0.016 -0,711** -,b0)4** 0,268 0,b72 -0.094 -0.086
19 -0,740,* -,7Tb8** -0,174 .u,36u 0,210 0,396 -0,120 -0.118
20 0.510* 0.0t7 -0.657** -Uu.5U1S 0.013 -0,379 -0,142 -0.167
21 -0.565* -0.71'** -0.54 -U0.~7 0.058 -0.220 -0.165 -0.168
22 0.045 -U,50* -0,615* -. ,591* 0,072 -0.072 -0.162 -0.168
23 -0.139 -U.0826* -0.853** -U,841** 0,501 0.096 -0,331 -0.625
24 0,471 -i0.41 -0,41* -U.19* 0.591 -0.124 -0,707* -0,644*
* SIGNIFICANT AT THE b% PROBABILITY LLVL
** SIGNIFICANT AT THE 1% PROBABILITY LEVL ,
TABLE 2 SIMPLE LINEAR CORRELATION ANALYSIS RELATING SOIL iALINITY LEVLLS
(ELECTRICAL CUNDUCTIVITY REAUINGS) TO EACH OF BARL SOIL (BS), VEGETA-
TION (VLG), VEO-BS ANO VEG/Bb MS UIGITAL UATA* DATA WAS COLLECTEU
FROM PAREDES ROAD AND FARM ROAD o10 ON THE uECEMqfR 5, 1973 SKYLAB
OVERPASS FROM SEVEN SALINE SO'L AREAs AND DECEMbE' 11, 1973 LANUsAI-1
OVERPASS FROM LIGHT SALINE SOlL AREAS.
S192 SALINITY ARLAS AB,C,D,F,G,AND H SALINITY AMEAS AIBCD,FAND G
NSS CORRELATED WITH IN=7): CORRELATED WiTl (N=6):
BAND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NUMBER BARE SOIL VL6ETATION VEG-BS VE"/bS bARE SOIL VEUEIATION VEG-BS VEG/BS
(BS) (VEs) (BS) (VLG)
1 .0,437 -0,418 -0,607 -0.294 .0,458 -ul,81 -0,389 -09676
2 0,327 -0,6b5 -0,428 -0.434 0*588* -U,75 -0.527 -0.530
3 0.153 -u0,67 .0,362 -u.370 0.430 .u4358 -0o,56 -,462
4 0.05 -0*0O -0,367 -0.396 0.078 -U.*7 2  -0.505 "0.543
5 -0,357 -U,4 5 -0,463 -O.470 -0.354 -U, 4+5 -0,92 -0,507
6 -0.110 -0. n7* -0.640 -0312 -0.136 -0.b253 -0*739**-0.727**
7 0.000 -0.656** -0,293 -0.27b 0.162 0.929** -0.946**-0.865**
8 0.062 -0,2b9 -0,198 -0.213 0.159 -OU 93 -0,862**-0.688*
9 0.670** -0.116 -0.455 -0.520 0.936** -U. 4  -0,876**-0.905**
10 0.029 -0.s48* -0.277 -0.278 0.184 -uf60U** 0,963**-0.869**
11 0.064 -0.U4 -0,499 -0.47- 0.083 -0.b26* -0,722**-0.680*
12 0.05 U  -0.Tb7* -0.b13 -0.50. 0.051 -0,649* -0.569 -0.566
13 0.420 -U.157 -0.374 00- -0. - .368 0,424 -U.18u Q 423 -0,416
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
LAND SALINITY AREAS A THROUGH H SALINITY AREAS A,BC,D,EF,
SAT-1 CORRELATEU WITH (N=8): AND H CORReLATeD WITH (N=7):
BAND - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---. . .... . . ..
NUMBER BARE SOIL VEGETATION VEG-BS VE"/ b BARE SOIL VEEIATION VEU-8S VEG/BS
(BS) (VEU6 (BS) (VLU)
4 0.34 0,.14 -0,U75 -0.09b 0.397 U.441 -0.280 -u.z92
5 0,37 0.!OU 0,126 0*008 0.268 U.568 -0.170 -U.183
6 -0,192 -0.6t5 -0,365 -0.324 q405 0U,85* -0.780*-0,749**
7 -0,245 -U.668* -0.496 -0"461 -0,730** UO.74** -0.859**-0,835*
a SIGNIFICANT Al THE b3 PROBABILITY LLVLL.
** SIGNIFICANT AT THE 1% PROBABILITY LLVLL. ORIGIAL PAGE IS
OF POOR QUALITY


Irrigation scheduling, freeze warning, and soil salinity detecting

E . 5 /0. o4.
TITLE: "Irrigation Scheduling, Freeze Warning and Soil Salinity Detecting"
NUMBER OF INVESTIGATION: Skylab EREP No. 356-1
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B ',Vd available under NASA splWhI
PERIOD COVERED: October, 1974 tn the interest of early and wide dioe
semination of Earth Resources Survey
TYPE OF REPORT: Monthly Progress Report #10 Program information and without liail y
for any use made thereol."
TECHNICAL MONITOR: Clayton Forbes, Mail Code TF6
Principal Investigations Management Office
NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center r. A E
Houston, TX 77058 ua 0 Z
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand N n o
SPONSORING INSTITUTION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service
P. O. Box 267 H o
Weslaco, TX 78596 H M
(DO
DATE PREPARED: October, 1974 NUMBER OF PAGES: 31 '
0,O iH
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS: H Z
The study site and the ground truth data taken are described in ( .
Progress Report No. 9, dated September, 1974, for the S190B (Earth rt,
Terrain Camera> saline soils study in Cameron County. In this report, o • e
it was pointed out that the study site was divided into areas, with
each area having a different level of salinity. The portion of the '0 H H
study area along Paredes Line Road (north to south) was divided into ( .
five areas, with three being low, one medium, and one high in salinity. 1
The portion of the study site along Farm Road 510 (east to west) was IM
divided into three areas with one each being low, medium, and high
in salinity. In this reporting period, film optical density readings bd
were completed, and the analysis of variance of these data have been t
completed for the S190B imagery.
Materials and Methods: L
Film density readings were made with a Joyce Lobel and Co.
(England) microdensitometer equipped with an automatic scanning attach-
ment made by Tech/Ops (Burlington, Mass. USA). Density readings were io
made on aerial color SO-242 and on black-and-white EK-3414 films from con
S190B Earth Terrain Camera imagery. Color film density readings.were
made with four different lights: white (no filter), red (Wratten.92 -
filter), green (Wratten 93 filter), and blue (Wratten 94 filter).
Black-and-white film density readings were made with white light only.
Each density reading represents the density of 0.0015 square mm of film,
and readings were made at 100 per 2.54 mm on the films.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750004342 2020-03-23T03:12:10+00:00Z
2The various saline areas within the site were located on an
isodensitracing (gray map) of each film type. Twelve scan lines were
made across the study site on the color film, and 24 scan lines were
made on the black-and-white film. (The color film had a larger scale
than the black-and-white film because the films were exposed on two
different orbits.) Six and nine lines from color and black-and-white
films, respectively, were randomly selected for use in the analysis of
variance.
Density readings from the saline areas were grouped by scan line,
area, color light density, and film type and read into a computer by
areas. To eliminate unusually high or low density readings caused by
clouds or man-made objects, a mean and standard deviation were calcu-
lated, and the computer then eliminated all density readings outside
of the interval of the mean ± one standard deviation and then recalcu-
lated a mean for each scan line.
The mean density readings for each scan line were used as repli-
cations. For the color film, an analysis of variance was calculated
for each color light densities; one analysis of variance was calculated
for the black-and-white film. The partitioning of degrees of freedom
for the color and the black-and-white films are shown below. (The
color film had one less saline area than the black-and-white film,
because one area was obscurred by clouds.)
Color film Black-and-white film
Source of variation df Source of variation df
Saline areas 6 Saline areas 7
Replications 5 Replications 8
Error 30 Error 56
Total 41 Total 71
Duncan'.s Multiple Range Test was used to make all possible mean
comparisons among saline areas.
3Results and Discussion:
The table below shows mean microdensitometer readings with white,
red, green, and blue lights on S0-242 aerial color and white light on
EK-3414 aerial black-and-white films exposed in the Earth Terrain
Camera (S190B) for the eight saline areas.
Black-and-white
Relative Color film film
Saline salinity White Red 1 Green 1 Blue White1
area level light light light light light
A Low - 57a 72a 57ab 46a 77a
B High 51 b 68 b 58 b 43a 80a
C Low 54 b 63 b 51 c 46a 75 b
D Medium 48 b 62 b 51 c 47a 64 c
E Low -- -- -- -- 78a
F Low 57a 75a 57ab 48a 78a
G High 53 b 71a 56ab 49a 80a
H Medium 46 b 63 b 46 c 43a 76 b
Means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at
the 5 percent probability level according to Duncan's Multiple Range
Test.
Duncan's Multiple Range Test in Table 1 shows statistically
significant differences among saline areas for mean density readings
taken with white, red, and green lights for the color film and white
light for the black-and-white film. However, a relation of salinity
levels for the saline areas with mean density readings can not be
established. Examples supporting this reasoning are: (1) areas B, C,
and D with respective salinity levels of high, low, and medium were
statistically alike for white and red lights with the color film,
(2) areas A and B with respective salinity levels of low and high were
statistically alike for -the green light with color film, (3) all areas
were statistically..alike for the blue light with color film, and
(4) areas E, F, and G with respective salinity levels of low, low, and
high were statisticall-.,alike for the white light with black-and-white
film. As a result of examining the film transparencies, it was found
that mean density readings were related to the lightness or darkness of
the soils located within the study.site.
Conclusion:
Saline areas selected in Cameron County with low, medium, and
high salinity levels can not be distinguished by using film density
readings made with white, red, green, and blue lights on S0-242 aerial
color and white light on EK-3414 aerial black-and-white films exposed
in the Earth Terrain Camera (S190B).


E7.4-1 0.5 4 1
6l--13 F)q9?
TITLE: "Irrigation scheduling, freeze warning and soil salinity detecting"
NUMBER OF INVESTIGATION: Skylab EREP No. 356-1 * '*ab U,9r RA sponsorp
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B in the interest of early and wide dis-
semination of Earth Resources SurveyPERIOD COVERED: February, March, and April 197T Program information and without liability
TYPE OF REPORT: Monthly Progress Report #6 for any se made thereof."
TECHNICAL MONITOR: Clayton Forbes, Mail Code TF6 c Wo td
Principal Investigations Management Office 6* & Z
NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . 1
Houston, TX 77058 o L "
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand a o i
SPONSORING ORGANIZATION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service v
P. O. Box 267 
-
Weslaco, TX 78596 m
DATE PREPARED: May 1974 INUMBER OF PAGES: 2
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS: ) -
M K tn
The following list summarizes the EREP and aircraft (A/C) data : ~ r = W
delivered to Weslaco in support of investigation 356 since February 1.-a
The list is presented, along with comments, for verification against records .,
of the Principal Investigators Management Office (PIMO).
Coverage Date Location Comments
A/C
Mission 258 12/11/73 Cameron Co. 24-channel MSS digital tapes
ordered 2/8/74. W J
Rec'd 34 digital tapes and o
scan listings on 4/28/74.
Rec'd 2 Recon IV digital
tapes 4/8/74 and 2 Recon IV
digital tapes, 4 data books, W
and 1 quick look report 4/22/74.
SL-4 12/5/73 Cameron Co. Rec'd 1 roll (#661) S-192 imagery n
(Channels 7,11,2) for pass 61 on .
4/9/74. m1
Ln
1/28/74 Amistad Reser. Rec'd 1 roll (#694) S-192 imagery
and Carrizo (Channels 6,9,13) for pass 94
Springs on 4/17/74.
Rec'd 2 cans 16 mm S-191 bore-
sight camera photography for
pass 94 on 4/20/74.
-/Progress report No. 5 lists products received up to this reporting period.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740017746 2020-03-23T08:21:40+00:00Z
2Upon receipt of the S-192 imagery for 12/5/73, we phoned the PIMO and
requested digital tapes of as many S-192 channels as are useable over Cameron
County corresponding to data between screening film annotated times 16 14' 4"
.8179 and 16 14' 25" .9169.
Several questions about data raised in the last report have been resolved.
The PIMO confirmed that the north 1/3 of the Paredes Line Road flight line in
Cameron County was missing from the A/C screening products sent us and placed an
order for the additional data. It was confirmed that the S-191 data discussed in
our last report do not belong to our investigation and that the "frame time" codes
for the S-191 data are not interpretable; a letter was received 4/26/74 stating
that SL-2 and SL-3 S-191 data will be reprocessed as soon as reprogramming is
complete.
The 2 small cans of 16 mm S-191 boresight camera photography received are
worldwide coverage for pass 94. This photography was projected and viewed. The
frames that looked as if they could be local coverage were examined in detail on
a light table with a magniftying viever but were determined to not be coverage of
local sites.
The big disappointment of SL-4 is that data taking on 1/28/74 was discontinued
as the spacecraft approached our test sites. The day was clear and the spacecraft
was directly in track with the test sites. Thus, the only other coverage of
Cameron County that was obtained during all the EREP launches is that of 12/5/73,
and on that date there were enough clouds to interfere with computer classification
of the ground conditions.
The 34 digital tapes from A/C Mission 258 will be examined in the near future
to determine whether the complete flight line (Paredes Line Road) was provided.
(Recall that the north 1/3 of the line was missing on the duplicate positive trans-
parencies of the on-board MSS film used 2/8/74 to request the digital tapes.)
We look forward to receiving the photography (S-190A, S-190B) coinciding with
the 8-192 coverage on 12/5/73.
The approximately 100 soil samples from Cameron County are ready for determin-
ing their electrical conductivity and mechanical analysis. Large enough soil
samples were brought to the laboratory to spread them out on cloth or plywood and
determine their spectral characteristics using the field spectroradiometer. We are
continuing to delay the most labor-intensive of these analyses awaiting more
detailed determination of the quality of the 12/5/73 EREP S-192 data.
The SL-2 S-190A photography of May 30, 1973, was examined for detecthbility of
chlorosis (iron deficiency) of grain sorghum in a 340-acre field at Faysville,
Texas, that was under study. A chlorotic area 21 acres in size was easily identi-
fied.
In summary, we are in a holding condition awaiting the delivery of S-192 digi-
tal tapes of Starr and Cameron counties. We anticipate a visit by the contract
Technical Monitor in May to discuss the relative amounts of effort to be put into
data analysis for Starr versus Cameron county, and to decide on analysis priorities
in view of the alternatives.


- 
TITLE: " I r r i g a t i o n  Scheduling,  Freeze Warning and S o i l  S a l i n i t y  Detrc t ing"  
I , ,  1 I 
NUMBER 3F INVESTIGATION: Skylab EREP NO. 356-1 - ,  
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B 
PERIOD COVERED: September, 1974 
TY. ,-' TCAL MONITOR: Clayton Forbes,  Hail Code TF6 
P r i n c i p a l  Inves t iga t ions  Management Office 
NASA, Lyndon B.  Johnson Space Center  x- = xn 0 w 0 w tri 
Houston, TX 77058 IC r+wd 
ff)t! r ) ! z f  
W I 1 - Y H  1 
. n c . z ~  
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand 
SPONSORING INSTITUTION: USDA, Agr icu l tu ra l  Research Service  
P. 0. Box 267 
Weslaco, TX 78596 
DATE PREPARED : September, 197u 
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS : 
--- -
-. 
m zvlb 
NUMBER OF PAGES: 2 cu /p * *  
Y ' D  r w  
C) 0 H H  
r m  Z O  
A computer program f o r  reading forthcoming S192 d i g i t a l  t apes  has P.U m t r ~  
been developed f r o m  t h e  f o u r  seconds o f  S192 imagery ( 9  channels ,  d a t e  n *  e u  
dl M C 
o f  coverage 5-30-73) t h a t  we received on 7-2-74. --rr- , t .c  
U J  k 3  t i  
4 C l  Z 
Camema County 
b hl 
Emphasis ha t  been given t o :  ( 1 )  cb ta in ing  microdensitometer readings  fi 50 
I? M 
on S190B imagery (about  60 f e e t  r e s o l u t i o n )  covering t h e  t e s t  sites i n  M 
c* Cameron County, and ( 2 )  a r b i t r a r i l y  d e l i n e a t i n g  r e l a t i v e  s o i l  s a l i n i t y  N M 
l e v e l s  f o r  t h e  t e s t  s i ~ e s  i n  Cameron County. The o b j e c t i v e  is t o  d e t e r -  
mine t h e  inf luence o f  s o i l  s a l i n i t y  l e v e l s  on microdensitometer readings .  
0 
G, 
The following t a b l e  shows the  r e l a t i v e  s a l i n i t y  l e v e l s  and cor res -  > 
ponding range of e l e c t r i c a l  conduct ivi ty  readings  of t h e  s a t u r a t e d  s o i l  w 
e x t r a c t  and mean e l e c t r i c a l  conduct ivi ty  readings  and t h e i r  s tandard 
dev ia t ions  (S.D.) i n  mmhos/cm f o r  a reas  A to  E running nor th  i o  sou th  o c  z 4 
E along Paredes Road and f o r  a reas  F t o  G running west t o  e 3 s t  a long 4 Q 
I Farm Road 510. Also shown a r e  the  l eng th  o f  each a r e a  i n  miles  and t h e  , m F  p, u 
cn 4= number o f  samples t h a t  we= taken wi thin  each a rea .  Number of s o i l  
-.I 
samples d i f f e r e d  among a reas  because some areas  contained more s o i l  (A Ln 
s e r i e s  than o ther  a r e a s ,  and s o i l  samples were taken of each s o i l  s e r i e s .  
There was poor c o r r e l a t i o n  between conduct ivi ty  readings  and p a r t i c l e  
s i z e  d i s t r i b u t i o n  which determines t h e  s o i l  type.  ( S o i l  series a r e  
composed of s o i l  t y p e s , )  Therefore,  t h e  test s i t e  was a r b i t r a r i l y  
divided i n t o  a reas  of low, medium, and high s a l i n i t y  l e v e l s .  
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740026622 2020-03-23T02:25:13+00:00Z
Length of Elec  trica:. conduc t iv i ty  (ECe) k e l a t i v e  
Area a r e a  i n  No. of i n  mmhos/cm s a l i n i t y  
mi les  P-/ samples Range XeanfS .D. l eve  1 
Paredes Road (nor th  t o  sou th )  
Low 
High 
Low 
Xedium 
Low 
Farm doad 510 (ves t  t o  e a s t )  
F 4.1 16 0.6-12.6 3.62 3.6 LOW 
G 1.8  6 10.4-65 .O 40.9219.6 High 
H 3 . 7  4 9 .O-14.2 11.82 2 . 3  hiedium 
d ~ i d t h  among a r e a s  is v a r i a b l e  because of nonuniformity i n  sire and 
shape of t h e  s o i l  s e r i e s  from which samples were taken.  
S t a r r  County 
It has  been decided t o  d u p l i c a t e  each of  the  seven range sites and 
t h e  f o u r  s o i l  samples f o r  each range s i t e  t o  provide  more r e l i a b l e  d a t a .  
This work is i n  progress .  


TITLE: " ~ r r i g a t i o n  schedul ing,  f r eeze  warning and s o i l  s a l i n i t y  detect ing"  
TECHNICP'. .UNITOR: Ryborn R. Kirby, Mail Code TF6 
P r i n c i p a l  I n v e s t i g a t i o n s  Management Off i c e  
NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center  
Houston, TX 77058 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGAM .: Craig  L. Wiegand 
SPONSORING ORGANIZATION: USDA, A g r i c u l t u ~ . a l  Research Serv ice  
P. 0. Box 267 
Weslaco, TX 78596 
DATE PREPARED: August 1973 NUMBER OF PAGES : 1 
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS : 
I n  J u l y  w e  received t h e  EREP A/C suppor t  Mission 238 (flown May291 photographic 
products  quick-look information. The camera c o r r e l a t i o n  r e p o r t  and guidance and 
nav iga t ion  r e p o r t s  were a l s o  received i n  July .  
We were pleased t o  have been v i s i t e d  by Clayton Forbes on J u l y  6 and t o  have 
received a copy of t h e  SL-2 Summary Report of t h e  PIMO on J u l y  17. 
We awaited imagery and photographic products  from t h e  s i t e  32 coverage obtained 
by E E P  on May 30, b u t  not::ing was received.  (The EREP SL-2 coverage scheduled 
f o r  June 14 was i n h i b i t e d  by heavy clouds.) 
Improvements i n  d n t s  hsndl ing and ana lys i s  procedures cont inue t o  be made under 
the  ERTS funding t h a t  w i l l  f a c i l i t a t e  optimum channel s e l e c t i o n  and speed c l a s s i -  
f i c a t i o n  when EREP d a t a  a r e  received.  
The lack of coverage on August 12 by SL-3 due t o  cloud cond i t ions  w i l l  l i k e l y  
delay coverage of our  p r i n e  test si te,  Cameron County, u n t i l  SL-4 and probably 
r e q u i r e  a no-cost extension of t h e  c o n t r a c t  t o  adequate ly  s tudy  d a t a  i n  CCT 
received i n  t h e  s p r i n g  of  1974. 
(E74- 10796) IRRIGATION SCHEDULING, FREEZE N74-34757 
W A R N I N G  A N C  S O I L  SALINITY DiTECTlNG 
f l ~ n t h l y  Ercgress Report ,  J u l .  1973 
(Agricultural Research Service) 1 p U ~ c l a s  
HC 84.6C CSCL G 2 C  63/13 30799 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740026644 2020-03-23T02:50:47+00:00Z


E7.4- 1 0.0.5 2
TITLE: "Irrigation scheduling, freeze warning and soil salinity detecting"
NUMBER OF INVESTIGATION: Skylab EREP No. 356-1
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B "Made avalable under NAS4 sponsorsipin the interest of early and wide dis-
PERIOD COVERED: September and October 1973 semination of Earth Resources Survey
TYPE OF REPORT: Monthly Progress Report #4 Program information and without liability
for any use made thereof."
TECHNICAL MONITOR: Ryborn R. Kirby, Mail Code TF6
Principal Investigations Management Office
o- C) NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
Houston, TX 77058
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand
SPONSORING INSTITUTION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service
P. O. Box 267
Weslaco, TX 78596
c4 ' DATE PREPARED: November 5, 1973 NUMBER OF PAGES: 2
LZ -I U
H • E STATEMENT OF PROGRESS:
MSS digital magnetic tapes from A/C Mission 238 (5/29/73) were received
U tU 5 10/8/73. The 53 tapes are currently being reformatted for compatibility with
S local programs. About 45 minutes of computer time is required per tape. The
ZH+ data are from two flight lines in Cameron County and one line in Starr County,
HH 0 O all flown at 10,000 ft AGL.
SRange site characterization is in progress along the flight line in Starr
14 U) W County. The vegetation composition for 5 of the 7 range sites has been deter-
H O o mined. The vegetation composition for the two remaining range sites will be
CO completed and soil samples will be taken at all 7 sites to determine degree of
o . u L soil salinity. The A/C and EREP MSS spectra from the 7 range sites will be
S0 P used to train the computer to map the rangelands by range site and/or soil
0o :b,.o salinity categories along the flight line, and in the County if EREP data are
r-m * useable (EREP data are rated marginal by JSC due to instrument misalignment).
r-m 0 r- The photomosaics of the two flight lines in Cameron County have been
*= E r , comnleted, and a visual survey has been made along the flight lines to deter-
mine where soil samples for salinity determination might best be taken in
both farmed and indigenous vegetation areas. The native vegetation has
also been inspected for indicators of saline soil. The soil will be sampled
for salinity at the selected sites and the composition of the native vegetation
will be determined. For ease of location in the space, data, effort has been
made to select the training sites from fairly homogeneous ground areas 40 acres
or la-ger in size. The training site data will be used to help establish soil
salinity categories to attempt to map salt-affected soils. The EREP data will
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740003060 2020-03-23T14:03:21+00:00Z
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS (Continued):
be obtained, hopefully, from SL-4; SL-2 was off course and clouds interfered
during SL-3. If SL-4 data are not obtained, the aircraft data can be studied.
In both Cameron and Starr Counties the boundaries of the soil associations
as indicated on the generalized soil maps for the counties have been considered
so that sampling sites would be chosen that represent the major soil types that
occur along the aircraft flight lines.
The 5 seconds of EREP S-192 MSS data, representing an area approximately
20 miles by 40 miles on the ground, from the May 30 overpass over Starr County
that has been expected for some time has still not been delivered. We have
been asked to evaluate it within 30 days after it is delivered for its capa-
bility to perform our experiment and prior to ordering any additional EREP
S-192 data. A flurry of activity will be necessary to meet that deadline.
Since the aircraft and spacecraft data were coll ected only one day apart,
we will seek the answer through a comparison of the (a) spectra, (b) signal
characteristics, and (c) classification results for A/C and EREP MSS data
from the ground-truthed training sites and short segments of the aircraft
flight lines.


E7.4- 1 0.5 64
TITLE: "Irrigation scheduling, freeze warning and soil salinity detecting"
NUMBER OF INVESTIGATION: Skylab EREP No. 356-1
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B M available u nde
mfti erest of ear a.. d wide dis.
PERIOD COVERED: May and June, 1974 o S 't
br ,iih e 4 itut oabilir
TYPE OF REPORT: Monthly Progress Report #7
TECHNICAL MONITOR: Clayton Forbes, Mail Code TF6 0 00 D N
Principal Investigations Management Office 4~ r &
NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center . H
Houston, TX 77058 or 1 o
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand a
SPONSORING INSTITUTION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service ( 0 H
P. O. Box 267 (1 H W
Weslaco, TX 78596 amn
A) (D ,
H PC tP
DATE PREPARED: July 1974 NUMBER OF PAGES: 2 H
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS: t~< MN
The following data have been delivered to Weslaco in support of H
the investigation since May 1. c z
Date of
Coverage coverage Comments 0
SL-4 Duplicate positive S-190A 70 mm trans- ) N
parencies rec'd 6/24/7h: N
? Mag.52, frames 015-019, Baffin Bay and Coast
12-5-73 Mag.52, frames 336-341, Coast and Cameron Co.<
? Mags.A3 (Color IR) and A4 (Color) frames i
041-046, Starr Co. and vicinity
SL-4 ? Duplicate negative S-190A 70 mm trans- Ln
parencies rec'd 7/2/74: N
2 co
Mags: Al, A2, A5, and A6, frames 041-046, CD
Starr Co. and vicinity
SL-2 5-30-73 Four seconds of S 192 imagery (9 channels)
rec'd 7/2/74.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740020700 2020-03-23T05:59:27+00:00Z
2Cameron County
The ground truth data are in good shape. Electrical conductivity
(ECe) of saturation extracts, a measure of soil salinity, has been rhn
on 76 samples from the 0- to 12-inch depth and on another 76 samples
from the 12- to 24-inch depth. On 76 other samples from the 0-to 6-inch
depth, the particle size distribution has been determined, and the field
spectroradiometer has been used to determine their spectra. The spectra
were recorded on X-Y strip chart recorders; the responses at specific
wavelengths are being read from the charts now.
Starr County
The woody species and the plant composition have been determined at
6 of the 7 range sites selected for study. Quadruplicate samples have
been obtained of the 7 soil types (Catarina, Copita, Garceno, Maverick,
Montell, Ramadero, and Zapata) and 1/4 of them have been analyzed for
salinity and particle size distribution. The spectra of 7 of them have
also been determined with the field spectroradiometer.
Selected microdensitiometer transects have been run parallel to Loma
Blanca Road on EREP images to see how much the film densities differ among
range sites. The range sites do yield distinctive densitometer traces,
an indication that they will also be distinctive in the EREP digital tapes.
Additional work on the film is planned for the next reporting period.


E7. 5- 10.0 5, .
c- f Y o o2
TITLE: "Irrigation Scheduling, Freeze Warning and Soil Salinity Detecting"
NUMBER OF INVESTIGATION: Skylab EREP No. 356-1
CONTRACT NUMBER: T-4105B
PERIOD COVERED: November, 1974 1 t ( .z'U
TYPE OF REPORT: Monthly Progress Report #11 vl H 0
TECHNICAL MONITOR: Clayton Forbes, Mail Code TF6 H m "
Principal Investigations Management Office M C
NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center D w
Houston, TX 77058 (D tn ,
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Craig L. Wiegand &H t
. f-3
SPONSORING INSTITUTION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service
P. O. Box 267 < o
Weslaco, TX 78596 0 * ne
DATE PREPARED: November, 1974 NUMBER OF PAGES: 4
"Made available under NASA sponsorsip ,
hi the interest of early and wide dis- o t
STATEMENT OF PROGRESS: semination of Earth Resources Survey
Program information and wii out iiability
Cameron County for any use made thereof."
Bendix 24-channel multispectral scanner (MSS) aircraft data
(Mission 258) recorded on computer compatible tape (CCT) are being
investigated by A. J. Richardson as a part of the saline soil study in
Cameron County (Weslaco Skylab MPR #9; September, 1974). The aircraft
CCT coverage collected on December 11, 1973, was incomplete for the OL 1
Paredes Line Road (north to south) and Farm Road 510 (east to west) at .
5,700 feet (Figure 1) and 16,000 feet (Figure 2).
Coverage for 25 of the 34 CCT's for Mission 258 are shown as a series
of numbered rectangles (one CCT per rectangle) superimposed on the two
roads used to mark the aircraft flight lines (Figures 1 and 2). Six
CCT's, tapes 3, 18, 19, 21, 24, and 33, could not be read by the computer
because of poorly recorded data records. Three other CCT's, tapes 20,
22, and 23, were duplicates of the coverage given by tapes 9, 11, and 12,
respectively (Figure 1). Areas of Figures 1 and 2 that are cross-hatched
represent missing coverage due to CCT's that could not be read or CCT's
that were not provided by NASA Houston.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750005278 2020-03-23T00:50:27+00:00Z
2Only six CCT's were needed at 16,000 feet altitude (Figure 1) for
about the same study area coverage as compared to 19 CCT's needed at
5,700 feet (Figure 2). Per pixel resolution recorded on the original
34 CCT's at 5,700 feet is 0.003 acre per pixel, and at 16,000 feet it is
0.024 acre per pixel. For data processing convenience, the 25 of 34
CCT's that could be read were summarized by 4 X 4 pixel matrices to
compress the original information (16 to 1 data resolution reduction)
onto two new CCT's. The per pixel resolution recorded on the two new
CCT's at 5,700 feet is 0.048 acre per pixel and at 16,000 feet it is
0.384 acre per pixel.
Presently, Bendix 24-channel MSS data are being statistically
analyzed for detection of saline areas, and they will be correlated
with SKYLAB MSS data when it is received.
Starr County
Vegetation has been characterized on a duplication of the seven
range sites.
ARROYO COLORADO
31 IAREDES LINE
ROAD
A 30VI LAGUNA
MADRE
26 F
17
B 25 13 14 15 16
. FM 510
CAMERON COUNTY
Et
BROWNSVILLE AREA
Figure 1. Bendix 24-channel multispectral scanner computer compatible
tape (CCT) coverage of Paredes Line Road and Farm Road 510
on December 11, 1973, at 5,700 feet. Letters indicate saline
soil areas (see Weslaco Skylab MPR #9; September, 1974) and
numerals indicate CCT's. Cross-hatched areas are missing
coverage due to faulty or missing CCT's.
ARROYO COLORADO
A
2
-PAREbES LINE
R AD
A CAEO LAGUNA
MADRE
F G H
B (
FM 510
D
6 CAMERON COUNTY
E
BROWNSVILLE AREA
Figure 2. Bendix 24-channel multispectral scanner computer compatible
tape (CCT) coverage of Paredes Line Road and Farm Road 510
on December 11, 1973, at 16,000 feet. Letters indicate saline
soil areas (see Weslaco Skylab MPR #9; September, 1974) and
numerals indicate CCT's. Cross-hatched areas are missing
coverage due to faulty or missing CCT's.


Irrigation scheduling, freeze warning and soil salinity detecting

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