NASASP-7011 (151) AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES (Supplement 151) FEBRUARY 1976 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760013717 2020-03-22T15:19:49+00:00Z ACCESSION N U M B E R RANGES Accession numbers cited in this Supplement fall within the following ranges: STAR(N-10000 Series) N76-10001-N76-11992 IAA (A-10000 Series) A76-10001-A76-12754 This bibliography was prepared by the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by Informatics Information Systems Company. NASASP-7011 (151) AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES (Supplement 151) A selection of annotated references to unclas- sified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and tech- nical information system and announced in January 1976 in • Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) • International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA) Scientijic and Technical Information OJJice FEBRUARY 1976 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington D C NASA SP-7011 and its supplements are available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Questions on the availability of the predecessor publications, Aerospace Medicine and Biology (Volumes I - XI) should be directed to NTIS. This Supplement is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161 for $4 00 For copies mailed to addresses outside the United States, add $2 50 per copy for handling and postage INTRODUCTION This Supplement to Aerospace Medicine and Biology (NASA SP-7011) lists 195 reports, articles and other documents announced during January 1976 in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) or in International Aerospace Abstracts ( IAA) The first issue of the bibliography was published in July 1964; since that time, monthly supplements have been issued In its subject coverage, Aerospace Medicine and Biology concentrates on the biological, physiological, psychological, and environmental effects to which man is subjected during and following simulated or actual flight in the earth's atmosphere or in interplanetary space References describing similar effects of biological organisms of lower order are also in- cluded. Such related topics as sanitary problems, pharmacology, toxicology, safety and sur- vival, life support systems, exobiology, and personnel factors receive appropriate attention In general, emphasis is placed on applied research, but references to fundamental studies and theoretical principles related to experimental development also qualify for inclusion Each entry in the bibliography consists of a bibliographic citation accompanied in most cases by an abstract. The listing of the entries is arranged in two major sections IAA Entries and STAR Entries, in that order The citations, and abstracts when available, are reproduced exactly as they appeared originally in IAA or STAR, including the original accession numbers from the respective announcement journals. This procedure, which saves time and money, accounts for the slight variation in citation appearances. Two indexes—subject and personal author—are included. An annual index will be prepared at the end of the calendar year covering all documents listed in the 1976 Supplements. AVAILABILITY OF CITED PUBLICATIONS IAA ENTRIES (A76-10000 Series) All publications abstracted in this Section are available from the Technical Information Service. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Inc (AIAA). as follows Paper copies are available at $5 00 per document up to a maximum of 20 pages The charge for each additional page is 25 cents Microfiche"1 are available at the rate of $1 50 per microfiche for documents identified by the # symbol following the accession number A number of publications, because of their special characteristics, are available only for reference in the AIAA Technical Information Service Library Minimum airmail postage to foreign countries is $100 Please refer to the accession number, eg (A76-11705), when requesting publications STAR ENTRIES (IM76-10000 Series) One or more sources from which a document announced in STAR is available to the public is ordinarily given on the last line of the citation The most commonly indicated sources and their acronyms or abbreviations are listed below If the publication is available from a source other than those listed, the publisher and his address will be displayed on the availability line or in combination with the corporate source line Avail NTIS Sold by the National Technical Information Service to U S customers at the price shown in the citation following the letters HC (hard, paper, or facsimile copy) Customers outside the U S should add $2 50 per copy for handling and postage charges to the price shown (Prices shown in earlier STAR volumes, 1962-1975, have been superseded but may be calculated from the number of pages shown in the citation The price schedule by page count was published in STAR numbers 2 and 3 of 1976, or it may be obtained from NTIS ) Microfiche are available at a standard price of $2 25 (plus $1 50 for non-U S customers) regardless of source or quality of the fiche, for those accessions fol- lowed by a # symbol Initially distributed microfiche under the NTIS SRIM (Selected Research in Microfiche) is available at greatly reduced unit prices For this service and for information concerning subscription to NASA printed reports, consult the NTIS Subscription Unit NOTE ON ORDERING DOCUMENTS When ordering NASA publications (those followed by the * symbol), use the N accession number NASA patent applications (only the specifications are offered) should be ordered by the US-Patent-Appl-SN number Non-NASA publications (no asterisk) should be ordered by the AD, PB, or other report number shown on the last line of the citation, not by the N accession number It is also advisable to cite the title and other bibliographic identification Avail SOD (or GPO) Sold by the Superintendent of Documents. 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D C 20231 Energy Research and Development Administration Technical Information Center PO Box 62 Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 ESA - Space Documentation Service ESRIN Via Galileo Galilei 00044 Frascati (Rome), Italy Pendragon House. Inc 899 Broadway Avenue Redwood City. California 94063 Superintendent of Documents U S Government Printing Office Washington. D C 20402 University Microfilms A Xerox Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106 University Microfilms, Ltd Tylers Green London. England U S Geological Survey 1033 General Services Administration Bldg Washington. D C 20242 Her Majesty's Stationery Office P O Box 569. S E 1 London. England U S Geological Survey 601 E Cedar Avenue Flagstaff, Arizona 86002 NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility PO Box8757 B W I Airport. Maryland 21240 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Office (KSI) Washington. D C 20546 National Technical Information Service Springfield. Virginia 22161 U S Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road Menlo Park. California 94025 U S Geological Survey Bldg 25, Denver Federal Center Denver. Colorado 80225 Zentralstelle fur Luftfahrtdoku- mentation und -Information 8 Munchen 86 Postfach 880 Federal Republic of Germany VII TABLE OF CONTENTS Page IAA Entries (A76-10000) 1 STAR Entries(N76 10000) 13 Subject Index 1-1 Personal Author Index 1-19 T Y P I C A L C I T A T I O N A N D A B S T R A C T F R O M STAR NASA SPONSORED DOCUMENT NASA Afvccemu f*" N76-10706»# Techtran Corp . Silver Spring Md NHMBCP ____J I*"X-RAV INVESTIGATION IN AVIATION A MEDICINE J A R Mnnenrnu WashingtonTITLE AUTHOR• CONTRACT OR GRANT REPORT NUMBER AND SPACE A R a surov i t NASA Oct 1975 91 p rets Transl into ENGLISH of the book Tashkent USSR. Meditsma Press. 1971 p 1-166 (Contract NASw-2485) f (NASA-TT-F-804) Avail NTIS HC $4 75 CSCL 06S The history of the use of X-rays to study the effects produced in animals and man by g-forces oriented in vanous directions is presented with reference of Soviet and foreign literature Frequent comparisons are drawn between the effects on unprotected organisms and parts of the body and the same effects ameliorated by the use of pressurized clothing and special g-suits Data drawn from examinations of professional aviators and parachute jumpers are employed in a survey placing special emphasis on spinal changes and damage caused by landing after ejection or making a jump Author I— • AVAILABLE ON MICROFICHE l-CORPORATE SOURCE •— PUBLICATION DATE AVAILABILITY SOURCE COSATI CODE T Y P I C A L C I T A T I O N A N D A B S T R A C T F R O M / A A NASA SPONSORED DOCUMENT AIAA ACCESSION NUMBER AUTHOR'S AFFILIATION CONTRACT. GRANT OR SPONSORSHIP —I A76-10720 * Visual reaction times during prolonged angular -'"acceleration parallel the subjective perception of rotation D L •»— Mattsoq_(San Jose State University, San Jose, Calif) Journal of•») Experimental Psychology, vol 1, Nov 1975, p 404-410 23 refs »• Grant No NGL-05-046-002 "*• . The effect of prolonged angular acceleration on choice reaction I time to an accelerating visual stimulus was investigated, with 10 commercial airline pilots serving as subjects The pattern of reaction times during and following acceleration was compared with the pattern of velocity estimates reported during identical trials Both reaction times and velocity estimates increased at the onset of acceleration, declined prior to the termination of acceleration, and showed an aftereffect These results are inconsistent with the torsion-pendulum theory of semicircular canal function and suggest that the vestibular adaptation is of central origin (Author) TITLE AUTHOR TITLE OF PERIODICAL PUBLICATION DATE AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A Continuing Bibliography (Suppl. 151) FEBRUARY 1976 IAA ENTRIES A76-10098 * Prostaglandin control of renal circulation in the unanesthetized dog and baboon J A Swain, S F Vatner (Harvard University, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Children's Hospi tal Medical Center, Boston, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Mass ), G R Heyndnckx, and D H Boettcher American Journal of Physiology, vol 229, Sept 1975, p 826-830 21 refs Research supported by the American Heart Association and NASA, Grants No PHS-HL-15416, No PHS-HL 17549, No PHS-HU-1043609 Effects of indomethacin and meclofenamate, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, were evaluated in the regulation of renal blood flow in conscious and anesthetized dogs and in tranquilized baboons, instrumented with arterial pressure catheters and renal blood flow probes Indomethacin, 10 mg/kg, did not alter renal blood flow or resistance significantly in the conscious dog In the anesthetized dog, however, indomethacin caused a reduction in renal blood flow and an elevation of renal vascular resistance Meclo fenamate, 4 mg/kg, reduced renal flow and increased renal vascular resistance in conscious dogs In conscious dogs and tranquilized primates, indomethacin and meclofenamate reduced the reactive hyperemia in the renal bed Methoxamine and angiotensm II infused in graded doses induced significantly greater renal vasoconstriction in conscious dogs in the presence of indomethacin Thus, in the conscious animal, prostaglandms appear to play only a minor part m the control of renal circulation at rest, but they are of greater importance in mediating the renal responses to reactive hyperemia and to vasoconstriction (Author] A76-10303 ff Radiation safety in space flights Radio- biological aspects (Radiatsionnaia bezopasnost' kosmicheski kh poletov Radiobiologicheskie aspekty) lu G Gngor'ev Moscow, Atomizdat, 1975 256 p 549 refs In Russian The radiation doses to which man in space can be exposed are discussed, and criteria for evaluating the radiation safety during space flights are proposed Data on the biological action of protons and heavy ions are reviewed, along with the results of radiobiological experiments performed in space The modifying influence environ- mental physical factors on the radiobiological effect is examined Means of protecting space crews from radiation are described V P A76-10480 * Responses to load disturbances in human shoulder muscles - The hypothesis that one component is a pulse test information signal J H J Allum (MIT, Cambridge, Mass ) Experimental Brain Research, vol 22, no 3, 1975, p 307-326 31 refs Grant No NGR-22-009-025 A76-10650 Cs-131 myocardial scmtigraphy - Application to assessment of anterior myocardial infarction W Burguet, G Merchie, and H Kulbertus (Uiege, University, Liege, Belgium) British Heart Journal, vol 37, Oct 1975, p 10371044 21 refs One hundred and ten cases with documented anterior myo- cardial infarction are studied by cesium-131 myocardial scmtigraphy in order to assess the potentials of this technique The clinical usefulness of the technique is discussed, and its suitability for semiquantitative evaluation of anterior necrotic lesions is stressed An index of necrosis is proposed from planimetric measurements of the mfarcted area as compared to the total left ventricular surface in both the anteropostenor and left anterior oblique projections This index of necrosis is shown to correlate with the incidence of major complications following the acute episode of coronary occlusion The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the technique are briefly discussed In order to visualize the mtracardiac cavities, Cs 131 investigation is usually completed by an ln-113m scintigram to be able to recognize parietal aneurism The results so far obtained are promising enough to justify further efforts in this field S D A76-10718 On the relation between time and space in the visual discrimination of velocity J S Lappm, H H Bell, 0 J Harm, and B Kottas (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn ) Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol 1, Nov 1975, p 383394 22 refs Grant No PHS-MH-21105 Two experiments were conducted to verify whether perception of velocity is determined by prior discrimination of spatial and temporal distances, by comparing the discnmmabilities of moving stimuli varied in spatial extent, temporal duration, or in redundant combinations of both variables The subject's task was to identify which of two alternative stimuli was presented on each trial A set of four stimuli was constructed from two values of spatial extent and two values of temporal duration Separate conditions required discrimination of each of the six possible pairs of these stimuli Experiment 1 examined continuous motion and Experiment 2 examined apparent motion for stimuli with short (50 vs 65 msec) and with long (500 vs 650 msec) interstimulus intervals With continuous motion and with good apparent motion (short intervals), the discrimination between the different-velocity bivanate pairs was too accurate to be attributed only to discriminations of the spatial and temporal extents of the motion This did not occur with poor apparent motion (Author) A76-10719 Perception and extrapolation of velocity and acceleration D A Rosenbaum (Stanford University, Stanford, Calif ) Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol 1 Nov 1975 p 395403 8 refs A moving target disappeared behind a screen and subjects predicted when the target passed behind a marker on the screen When the target moved with constant velocity, predictions were extremely accurate, regardless of the spatial and temporal exposure and concealment of the target and regardless of its rate of velocity When the target accelerated, accuracy of prediction decreased with increasing acceleration and with increasing target concealment Analyses of the results suggest that the perception of velocity and acceleration incorporates concrete and abstract characteristics of the motion that was seen It is proposed that the motion perception system is tuned to accelerated rather than to constant velocity movement (Author) A76-10720 A76-10720 • Visual reaction times during prolonged angular acceleration parallel the subjective perception of rotation D L Mattson (San Jose State University, San Jose, Calif) Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol 1, Nov 1975, p 404410 23 refs Grant No NGL-05-046-002 The effect of prolonged angular acceleration on choice reaction time to an accelerating visual stimulus was investigated, with 10 commercial airline pilots serving as subjects The pattern of reaction times during and following acceleration was compared with the pattern of velocity estimates reported during identical trials Both reaction times and velocity estimates increased at the onset of Research, Ottawa, Canada). Journal of Fire and Flammability, Combustion Toxicology Supplement, vol 2, Aug 1975, p 213-225 40 refs Studies on toxic decomposition products to provide an experi- mental basis for the possible restriction of materials that generate large amounts of harmful gases upon combustion are summarized Results of several investigations of fire fatalities show that the majority are caused by inhalation of combustion products Experi- ments to determine the toxicity of various combustion products and to identify the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects of certain combinations of toxic gases are described Quantitative analyses of A76-10808 ft DMA synthesis in the lymphoid organs of rats during adaptation to high-altitude conditions (Sintez DNK v limfoid- nykh organakh krys pn adaptatsn k usloviiam vysokogor'ia) F T Gusemov, G S Komolova, I A Egorov, and V A Isabaeva (Akademna Nauk SSSR, Institut Biokhimn, Moscow, USSR) Aka- demiia Nauk SSSR. Doklady, vol 223, Aug 1, 1975, p 1018, 1019 12 refs In Russian A76-10809 # The dependence of the content and concentra- tion of products of enzymatic oxidation on the size of coacervate droplets (Zavisimost1 soderzhanna i kontsentratsn produktov fer- mentativnogo okislenua ot razmerov koatservatnykh kapel'l T V Mamontova, T N Evremova, and lu R Khrust (Moskovskn Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Moscow, USSR) Akademna Nauk SSSR, Doklady, vol 223, Aug 1, 1975, p 1020-1022 7 refs In Russian The oxidation of pyrogallol and o-dimethoxybenzidme by peroxidase in the presence of H2O2 was studied in protein- carbohydrate (histone-gum arable) and protem-nuclem (histone- DNA) coacervate systems. Quantitative measurements of oxidation products in individual coacervate droplets were carried out using a probing scintillation spectrophotometer and a scanning integrating microphotometer It was found that with increasing droplet size the content of oxidized substances increased, while their concentration decreased The concentration of oxidized compounds was greater in DNA-histone droplets than in gum arabic-histone droplets of the same size Equations describing the dependence of the concentration of individual oxidation products on droplet size are derived from analysis of the data C K D A76-10823 Comments on fire toxicity R R Montgomery, C F Remhardt, and J B Terrill (Du Pont de Nemours~ and Co , Inc , Wilmington, Del ) Journal of Fire and Flammability, Combustion Toxicology Supplement, vol 2, Aug 1975, p 179-212 83 refs Factors identified as causes of death and mcapacitation in fires are heat, either as direct burns or thermal shock, carbon monoxide, oxygen deficiency, thermal decomposition gases, smoke, and panic or trauma Among these factors, two recent epidemiological surveys of fire fatalities identified carbon monoxide poisoning, smoke poisoning or asphyxia, and burns as principal causes of fire deaths Test methods for evaluating fire toxicity are characterized as analytical, biological, a combination of these two, or predictive The review includes data from laboratory experiments of these various types and also data from room and building fires The need to put data into practical context or present it on a comparable basis with standard or natural materials is emphasized Suggestions for future research are presented (Author) A76-10824 Toxicity of decomposition products. K Sumi and Y Tsuchiya (National Research Council, Div of Building pyrolysis products are discussed, and a method of evaluating the toxic hazard from experimental data is proposed Fire regulations of various countries limiting the use of potentially toxic materials are outlined C K D A76-10825 A bibliography of published information on combustion toxicology C J Hilado (San Francisco, University, San Francisco, Calif) and R P Chapman (California, University, Davis, Calif ) Journal of Fire and Flammability, Combustion Toxicology Supplement, vol 2, Aug 1975, p 244-261 241 refs A76-10991 Absorption characteristics of multilayered sphere models exposed to UHF/microwave radiation C M Weil (U S Environmental Protection Agency, Experimental Biology Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, N C ) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol BME-22, Nov 1975, p 468-476 20 refs The interaction of electromagnetic plane waves with multi- layered spherical models composed of lossy dielectric media that represent different biological tissues found in human and animal heads is examined in the frequency range 0 1 to 10 GHz The model ranges in size from 2 to 125 cms outer radius and consists of a core of brain-like material surrounded by five outer layers of CSF, bone, fat and skin-dura tissues The absorption properties of the model have been analyzed throughout this range of size and frequency The distribution of internally deposited energy has also been investigated in detail for three basic spheres of 3 3, 6 and 10 cms radii, with emphasis on the creation of localized regions of strong heating (hot-spots) Based on these results, some generalized conclusions are presented on the interaction of microwaves with different sized biological objects (Author) A76-10997 Computation of the electromagnetic fields and induced temperatures within a model of the microwave-irradiated human eye A Taflove (ITT Research Institute, Chicago, III ) and M E Brodwm (Northwestern University, Evanston, III ) IEEE Trans- actions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol MTT 23, Nov 1975, p 888-896 25 refs A76-11064 Detection of a change in plant dynamics in a man-machine system R J Niemela (U S Army, Electronics Com- mand, Fort Monmouth. N J ) and E S Krendel (Pennsylvania, University, Philadelphia, Pa ) IEEE Transactions on Systems. Man, and Cybernetics, vol SMC-5, Nov 1975, p 615-617 10 refs A description of the detection portion of a concise model of human operator adaptation in manually tracking a step change in polarity of double integral plant dynamics is presented A general form of the detection boundaries in error state space was postulated based on examination of man-machine error trajectory responses This form was corroborated by experimental data (Author) A76 11468 A76-11138* Increased rate of response of the pituitary- adrenal system in rats adapted to chronic stress. P C. Sakellans and J Vernikos-Danellis (NASA, Ames Research Center, Biomedical Research Div., Moffett Field, Calif ) Endocrinology, vol 97, Sept. 1975, p 597-602 22 refs The response and adaptation of the pituitary-adrenal system to chronic stresses was investigated These included individual caging, confinement, and exposure to cold for varying periods of time. Studies were carried out demonstrating that during the period of adaptation when plasma corticosterone concentrations returned toward their prestress level despite continued exposure to the stressor, the animals responded to additional stimuli of ether for 1 mm, a saline injection, or release from confinement with a faster increase (within 2 5 mm) in plasma corticosterone than controls (10 mm) It is concluded that during adaptation to a chronic stress the pituitary-adrenal system is not inhibited by the circulating steroid level but is actually hypersensitive to additional stimuli (Author) A76-11200 Frequency analyzer for EEC signals (Fre- quenzanalysator fur EEG-Signale) H N Karp Elektronik, vol 24 Oct 1975, p 107-109 12 refs In German The paper describes an EEG recording system that displays to the subject under investigation the time variation of his alpha waves and their frequency spectrum This bio-feedback system is particular- ly suited for experiments in which test subjects exercize control over their alpha-wave generation Block scheme and circuit diagram of the system are shown The frequency range (7-14 MHz) is divided into seventeen channels Tests showed that some subiects were able to control the amplitude of the EEG signals, but only when they could observe the display screen P T H Foundation and Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund, Grant No NIH-1-R01-EY-01242-01 A technique for making on-line recordings of fluorescein dilution curves from two locations in the human retina has been devised A modified Zeiss fundus camera with two optical fibers mounted in a scanning ocular col'octs the light emitted by fluorescein dye from two spots in the fundus Two fiber-optic cables transmit the collected light to a photomultipher The detector output current is transmitted to a two-channel pulse sorter The output signals from the pulse sorter are amplified and displayed on a two-channel recorder Since this technique utilizes only small amounts of fluorescein, multiple measurements in the same subject are possible (Author) A76-11449 Effects of age on responses to isometric exercise - Isometric handgrip in nonmvasive screening for cardio- vascular disease M Kino, V W Lance, A Shahamatpour, and D H Spodick (Lemuel Shattuck Hospital, Tufts University, Boston, Mass) American Heart Journal, vol 90, Nov 1975, p 575-581 42 refs Grant No NIH-HE-13608 A76-11450 Electrophysiology and pharmacology of car- diac arrhythmias IX - Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of beta adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockage Part B A L Wit, B F Hoffman, and M R Rosen (Columbia University, New York, N Y ) American Heart Journal, vol 90, Nov 1975, p 665-675 70 refs A76-11238 # Reaction of erythrocytes and granulocytes in the peripheral blood of rate to hyperbanc oxygenation during oxygen deficiency in the organism (Reaktsiia entrotsitov i granu- lotsitov penfencheskoi krovi krys na giperbancheskuiu oksigenatsnu pri kislorodnoi nedostatochnosti orgamzma) "i G Tsagareh, E S Chertkova, and M A Dgebuadze (Akademna Nauk Gruzmskoi SSR, Institut Ekspenrnental'noi Morfologn, Tiflis, Georgian SSR) Akade- mna Nauk Gruzmskoi SSR, Soobshchenna, vol 79, Aug 1975, p 477-480 In Russian A76-11451 ff Dynamics of biped walk II (Dmamika dvu- nogoi khod'by II) V V Beletskn Akademna Nauk SSSR, Izvestna, Mekhanika Tverdogo Tela, July-Aug 1975, p 3-13 5 refs In Russian Analytical solutions in closed form are obtained for several problems in which a biped system is simulated as a solid with two mertialess legs with many joints suspended at one point The compensating motions of the body (balancer), the control moments in the leg joints, and the reactions of the suspension are determined from the given trajectory of the suspension point and the trail trajectory V P A76-11376 § Computer-aided analysis of the probability characteristics of the brain biopotentials in healthy man (Analiz veroiatnostnykh kharaktenstik biopotentsialov golovnogo mozga zdorovogo cheloveka s pomoshch'iu elektronno-vychislitel'noi tekh- mki) V I Kondratenko and A A Rybalov (Donetskn Meditsmskii Institut, Donetsk, USSR) Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatel'nosti, vol 25, July-Aug 1975, p 792-798 9 refs In Russian A76-11377 ff Dynamics of the skin-galvanic reflex for dif- ferent stages and cycles of nighttime sleep (Dmamiki kozhno- gal'vamcheskogo refleksa v razlichnykh stadnakh i tsiklakh nochnogo sna) V S Rotenberg, B I Kochubei, and V M Shakhnarovich (I Moskovskii Meditsmskii Institut, Vsesoiuznyi Nauchno- Issledovatel'skn Institut Zheleznodorozhnoi Gigieny, Moscow, USSR) Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatel'nosti, vol 25, July-Aug 1975, p 858-860 5 refs In Russian A76-11419 Two-point fluorophotometer for the human ocular fundus C Riva and I Ben-Sira (Retina Foundation, Eye Research Institute, Boston, Mass ) Applied Optics, vol 14, Nov 1975, p 2691-2693 5 refs Research supported by the Adler A76-11468 Aviation cardiology in Canada G W Manning (University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada), R Thatcher, and I H Anderson (Canadian Armed Forces, Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toronto, Department of National Health and Welfare, Civil Aviation Medicine Medical Services Branch, Ottawa, Canada) (American College of Cardiology, Bethesda Con- ference, 8th, Washington, DC, Apr 25, 26, 1975) American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Oct 31,1975, p 576-583 7 refs A summary of military and civilian aspects of aviation cardiolo- gy in Canada is given Electrocardiographs screening of applicants for military aircrew training is discussed, and procedures for the detection and review of existing or potential cases of cardiovascular disease in airmen are described Preliminary results of a follow-up program of 5000 men who had routine ECGs during the Second World War indicate that first degree atrioventricular block does not increase morbidity or mortality over that of the normal population and that primary T wave changes may indicate the presence of asympomatic coronary heart disease The evaluation of the cardio- vascular fitness of applicants for civil aviation licenses is outlined, and the guidelines used in granting licenses when cardiovascular problems exist are presented The risk of civil aviation accidents due to cardiovascular problems is discussed C K D A76-11469 A76-11469 Operational aspects of pilot incapacitatton in a multicrew airliner H W Orlady (United Air Lines, Inc , Chicago, III ) (American College of Cardiology, Bethesda Conference, 8th, Washington, DC, Apr 25, 26, 1975) American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Oct 31,1975, p 584-588 12refs The risks due to obvious or subtle (not immediately apparent to crew members) pilot incapacitation during critical flight stages were studied in simulated incidents in DC-8 and B-737 aircraft The studies revealed three critical tasks for airline crews dealing with an incapacitation maintaining control of the aircraft, caring for the incapacitated crew member, and reorganizing the cockpit and landing Effective transfer of control was achieved by crews with no previous training in less than 5 seconds in 93% of the simulated incidents There were wide variations in crew performance in caring for the incapacitated member Reorganization of the cockpit was not a problem It is suggested that air crews receive training in the recognition of subtle incapacitation and in coping with the in- capacitated pilot Such training might permit conservative modifica- tions of medical standards while attaining a reduction of operational risk C K D A76-11470 On experts and expertise - The effect of variability in observer performance D H Spodick (Lemuel Shattuck Hospital, Boston, Mass ) (American College of Cardiology, Bethesda Conference, 8th, Washington, D C, Apr 25, 26, 1975) American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Oct 31,1975, p 592-596 16 refs Variation in the performance of cardiology experts is dependent upon quantity and quality of the available data, but is also a function of two personal factors perception and interpretation of data Comparisons of expert interpretations of electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms made with and without biasing information demonstrate wide divergence of opinion Two controlled perception trials involving recognized cardiology experts produced similar results It is suggested that biases in data acquisition and interpreta- tion be minimized as far as possible by standardization of evaluation protocols and that multi-observer controlled trials of diagnostic methods be conducted to reveal the level of built-in discrepancies CK D A76-11471 Identification of ischemic heart disease Mr Ellestad (Memorial Hospital Center, Long Beach, Calif ), Mr Fox (George Washington University, Bethesda, Md ), Mr Bruce, Mr Dodge (Washington, University, Seattle, Wash ), Mr Gensmi (St Joseph's Hospital, Syracuse, N Y ) , Mr Humphries (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md ), Mr Kannel (National Heart Institute, Frammgham, Mass), Mr Levy (National Institutes of Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Bethesda, Md ), Mr Mankm (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn ), and Mr McHenry (Indiana Uni- versity, Indianapolis, Ind ) (American College of Cardiology, Bethesda Conference, 8th, Washington, D C, Apr 25, 26, 1975 i American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Oct 31, 1975, p 597-608 33 refs The construction of cardiovascular risk profiles for asympto- matic individuals is discussed, together with the use of resting and exercise electrocardiograms to identify cardiovascular conditions presenting a potential hazard The evaluation procedures currently required for pilots of different classes are summarized Criteria for qualifying persons beginning or continuing an aviation career are proposed Procedures are recommended for the initial evaluation and periodic follow-up of the cardiovascular health of pilots C K D A76-11472 Recommendations for subjects with ischemic heart disease Mr Likoff (Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa ), Mr Knoebel (Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind ), Mr Amsterdam (California, University, Davis, Calif ), Mr Frykholm (Aviation Medical Section, Montreal, Canada), Mr McMeekin (US Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, DC) , Mr Roberts (National Institutes of Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Bethesda, Md ), and Mr Morris (American College of Cardiology, Bethesda Conference, 8th, Washington, D C, Apr 25. 26, 1975) American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Oct 31,1975, p 608,609 Guidelines are recommended for the exercise of flexibility in the application of International Civil Aviation standards regarding ischemic heart disease It is suggested that recertification of patients with ischemic heart disease be denied if coronary angiography indicates obstructive narrowing of two or more major coronary arteries, and that it be granted if the coronary arteries are normal In other cases where there is coronary lummal narrowing, recertification should be withheld if there is other evidence of active myocardial ischemia Persons with a history of myocardial infarction but with no evidence of current myocardial ischemia should not be considered for recertification until one year after the infarction C K D A76-11473 Hypertension Mr Gifford (Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio), Mr Martz (Dow Chemical Co , Indianapolis, Ind ), Mr Carter (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn ), Mr Berry (Texas, University, Houston, Tex ), Mr Cans (U S Veterans Administration Hospital, San Antonio, Tex ), Mr Freis (U S Veterans Administra- tion Hospital, Washington, DC) , and Mr Hickler (Memorial Hospital, Worcester, Mass ) (American College of Cardiology, Bethesda Conference, 8th, Washington, D C, Apr 25, 26, 1975) American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Oct 31, 1975, p 613-616 12 refs Recommendations regarding the qualification of pilots with hypertension are presented Risks permitted by the present regula- tions are judged to be acceptable, but it is suggested that serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations and smoking habits be included in the equation with blood pressure in determining fitness for flight Guidelines are presented for the qualification of pilots whose hypertension has been surgically corrected or is control led by antihypertensive drugs Disqualifying evidence of target organ disease is summarized, and a method of monitoring hypertension in pilots is outlined It is recommended that the same hypertension standards be applied to all classes of pilots C K D A76-11474 Valvular heart disease Mr Hall (Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Tex ), Mr Bristow (Oregon, University, Portland, Ore ), Mr Hultgren (U S Veterans Administration Hospital, Palo Alto, Calif), Mr Kouchoukous (Alabama, University, Birmingham, Ala ), Mr McAllister (U S Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, DC) , and Mr Cheitlm (American College of Cardiology, Bethesda Conference, 8th, Washington, D C, Apr 25, 26, 19751 American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Oct 31,1975, p 617-620 30 refs A procedure for detecting and evaluating valvular heart disease in qualified pilots and applicants for flight qualification is outlined It is recommended that all acquired valvular heart disease be disqualifying on the initial examination for flight qualification, and that newly discovered and previously undocumented valvular abnormalities in certified flight personnel be disqualifying until their stability and severity have been determined by serial observation Guidelines for continuing flight certification of personnel with mild aortic stenosis, mild aortic regurgitation, or mild mitral regurgitation are presented C K D A76-11475* The capability of fluoroscopic systems to determine differential Roentgen-ray absorption N A Baily and R L Crepeau (California, University, La Jolla, Calif ) Radiology, vol 115, May 1975,p 439-445 8 refs Grant No NGL-05009-103 A clinical fluoroscopic unit used in conjunction with a TV image digitization system was investigated to determine its capability to evaluate differential absorption between two areas in the same field Fractional contrasts and minimum detectability for air, several concentrations of Renografm-60, and aluminum were studied using phantoms of various thicknesses Results showed that the video- metric response, when treated as contrast, shows a linear response with absorber thickness up to considerable thicknesses (Author) A76-11711 A76-11703 Biomedical cost of low-level flight in a hot environment R R Bellinger (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Tex ) and G R Carwell (USAF, Regional Hospital, Shaw AFB, S C ) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1221-1226 20 refs The physiologic and performance effects of low level recon- naissance flying in hot environments were documented and quan- titated RF-4C pilots and weapons system operators were studied in hot and cool seasons during both high and low missions to distinguish environmental temperature from flight level effects ECG, sternal and thigh skin temperatures, and cockpit temperature at helmet level were monitored continuously Body weights, oral temperatures, sweat Na/K ratios, and urine electrolytes, steroids, and catecholammes, as well as sleep and fatigue scores, were measured Mission performance was assessed using photo target acquisition scores RF-4C aircrews are exposed to moderate heat stress and acute dehydration (1 2% over 90 mm) during low level summer flights where cockpit temperature occasionally exceeded 50 C Photo target scores indicated that the potential for crew error was increased and that the margin of safety was accordingly decreased during such hot missions The RF-4C cockpit air conditioning system proved in- adequate (Author) A76-11704 Body composition of mice following exposure to 4300 and 6100 meters J P Hannon and G B Rogers (U S Army, Letterman Army Institute of Research, Presidio of San Francisco, Calif ) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1232-1235 20 refs Male Swiss mice were exposed for 3 and 7 d to simulated altitudes of 4300 and 6100 m Body weight losses were enhanced at the higher elevation and after longer exposure at each elevation Carcass analyses showed the weight losses to be attributable to decrements in body water and fat content The water decrements were a little greater than the fat decrements after all exposure conditions At both elevations, however, fat loss increased sig- nificantly as exposure was extended from 3 to 7 d whereas water loss remained unchanged (Author) A76-11705 Cardiomyopathy - The frequently forgotten mimic Clinical and open-chest myocardial biopsy studies G M FitzGibbon (National Defence Medical Centre Ottawa, Canada) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 19741 Aviation, Space, and Environ mental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1248-1250 7 refs Attention is drawn to the cardiomyopathies, 25 idiopathic cases being presented and the features noted which may mimic other conditions, especially coronary heart disease Subtle clinical mani- festations may be missed or misinterpreted unless these disorders are kept in mind The diagnosis can usually be suspected at the bedside but specialized tests may be required to confirm it Open chest myocardial biopsy has yielded exciting but not yet apparently useful results in six instances Recognition of cardiomyopathy in aviation cardiology is important because of the high incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death associated with the condition (Author) the left ventricles involving both the wall and the papillary muscles The severity and extent of the subendocardial hemorrhage were quantified on a scale of 1 (slight) to 4 (extremely severe) Hemorrhagmg in the papillary muscles of adult pigs following a single 45 90 second exposure to +9 Gz ranged from a mean of 2 3 to 3 3, and the extent of ventricular wall involvement was 2 5-3 3 Heart hemorrhage was limited to the subendocardial region, primarily the space between the heart muscle and the endocardium, and was particularly evident around Purkmje's fibers Young farm pigs were much less susceptible to hemorrhage It is suggested that particular attention be given to the endocardium of victims of high- performance aircraft accidents C K D A76-11707 Medical and psychiatric aspects of accident investigation R E Yanowitch (FAA, Office of Aviation Medicine, Washington, D C ) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Sympo- sium, Downsview, Ontario. Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46 Oct 1975 p 1254-1256 Mechanical failures are causative factors in 10-20% of fatal aircraft accidents, while biomedical factors account for 80-90% of such incidents Accident investigation includes a complete autopsy and, where possible, toxicological studies of the blood, bile, urine, gastric contents, etc to reveal the presence of substances causing pilot mcapacitation such as alcohol, drugs, and carbon monoxide The investigation of factors contributing to destructive stress reactions in aircraft crew members is described, and the role of stress response in aircraft accidents is discussed C K D A76-11709 Analysis of human factors in aircraft ac- cidents P J Dean and R F Thatcher (Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Downsview, Ontario, Canada) (Joint Com- mittee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1260-1262 Basic approaches used in the analysis of human factors are discussed and a description is given of two recent examples of studies which led to a new evaluation of the employed methods of analysis In the operational analysis, possible factors which might have played a role in the accident are identified with the aid of a guide list of about 100 items G R A76-11710 Cervicocramum and the aviator's protective helmet E J Colangelo (U S Navy, Naval Safety Center, Norfolk, Va ) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downs- view, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 19741 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1263,1264 It has been held that there is an analogy between the APH-6 aviator's helmet and the hangman's noose, with the inferior edge of the helmet, when visualized as part of a continuous circle completed by nape-strap and chin-strap, forming the noose, and with the lesions made about the neck by the straps or edge of the helmet paralleling the abrasions and the contusions that might be associated with a rope It had been thought that a fractured, displaced odontoid process is the prototype lesion which endangers the victim with cervical cord, injury and death, but recent studies show mortality incidence of odontoid (or hangman's) fracture to be less than 10% B J A76-11706 Heart pathology associated with exposure to high sustained +Gz R R Burton and W F MacKenzie (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Tex ) (Joint Com- mittee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46. Oct 1975, p 1251-1253 6 refs Unanesthetized adult miniature and immature pigs were exposed to accelerations of +8 or 9 Gz for 45-90 seconds Necropsies of adult pigs revealed gross evidence of hemorrhage in the endocardial area of A76-11711 Helmets and head protection in CF ejections 1967-1973 R E Noble (Defence and Civil Institute of Environ- mental Medicine, Downsview, Ontario, Canada) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974 ) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1265,1266 During the period 1967 1973, helmet retention and minor head injuries were significant problems in ejections from Canadian Forces (CF) aircraft There were 73 ejections in which Canadian-designed helmets were worn Eighty-four percent of those who lost their helmets and 38% of those who retained their helmets received minor A76-11712 head injuries This paper reports on analysis of helmet loss versus air speed and Q force Specific problems are addressed, including the fitting and method of wearing helmets, and some guidelines for enhancing helmet retention are recommended (Author) A76-11712 Crew rest and nap-of-the-earth flying D S Berliner (US Army, 101st Airborne Division /Airmobile/, Fort Campbell, Ky ) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Sym- posium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974 ) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975 p 1267-1270 8 refs Nap-of-the-earth (NOE) flying was conceived to evade enemy detection of rotary wing aircraft, requiring the stressful technique of aircraft movement only inches above the ground terrain The NOE concept was tested from 12 June, 1973, to 30 June, 1974, for 3267 6 h in NOE training Four aircraft incidents occurred during this training period, with three of these taking place prior to 1 March, 1974 At that point, after 59 2% of the total hours had been flown, NOE pilot training was curtailed from 8 h/d to 4 h/d Objective and subjective data infer that pilot (crew) rest and the length of the flying day are important factors in the safety of NOE flying (Author) A76-11713 Alcohol and other drugs in aircraft accidents A F Zeller (USAF, Air Force Inspection and Safety Center, Norton AFB, Calif K (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974 I Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1271-1274 During the 12-year period from 1962 through 1973, there were 89 USAF aircraft accidents or incidents in which alcohol and/or other drugs were mentioned as being in some way associated with the mishap A review of these indicates a relatively constant level of occurrence each year, with no indication that such accidents are increasing Alcohol was by far the most prominent drug mentioned A great variety of over-the-counter and prescription preparations were cited There were no instances in which illicit narcotics were involved Analysis indicates that the relationship was, in most instances, associative and not causative In some instances, the background disease for which the medication was being taken was far more probable as a cause agency The need for better documentation and greater cooperation between the flight surgeons and pathologists was indicated (Author) A76-11714 Alcohol associated with fatal light aircraft accidents. United Kingdom - 1964-1973 K E Underwood Ground (RAF, Institute of Pathology and Tropical Medicine, Halton, Bucks , England) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1275-1279 19 refs A76-11715 Error atd artefact in post mortem toxi- cological analysis D G Wootton (RAF, Institute of Pathology and Tropical Medicine, Halton, Bucks, England) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974 I Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1280-1283 14 refs Factors influencing the quality of post mortem specimens obtained from victims of aircraft accidents and affecting the results of lexicological analyses are presented The effects of putrefaction processes on the results of such studies are considered, and lists of endogenous and artifact compounds found in connection with putrefaction are given Artifacts due to contamination of body tissues by bacteria and fuel products are discussed C K D A76-11716 Impaired pilot performance - Drugs or alcohol K E Underwood Ground (RAF, Institute of Pathology and Tropical Medicine, Halton, Bucks , England) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 19741 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1284-1288 The circumstances leading to forced landing of a three-seat light cabin monoplane due to engine failure are described The pilot, an airline pilot employed as a Boeing 707 captain, and one of the two passengers were killed The liver of the pilot showed diffuse fatty changes and toxicological examination revealed a blood alcohol concentration of 149 mg/100 ml and 139 mg/100 ml in the urine On initial screening for drugs, the presence of nitrazepam or chlordiazepoxide was suspected and the medical investigation was further complicated by the finding of chlordiazepoxide in the personal effects Although the cause of the accident was a stall at low altitude during an attempted forced landing following loss of engine power, it was concluded that the pilot's ability to avoid onset of stall was impaired by the concentration of alcohol in his system (Author) A76-11717 What is the mechanism of carbon monoxide toxicity I R Goldbaum, R G Ramirez, and K B Absalon (U S Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D C ) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Sym- posium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975. p 1289-1291 9 refs The probable toxic action of CO is on the cellular respiration, in which CO competes with 02 for cytochrome a3 Studies indicate that a relatively high concentration of COHb (50%) does not interfere with the 02-carrymg capacity of the blood The dissolved CO in plasma, which is necessary for CO to enter the tissue, probably occurs when the exchange takes place between alveolar air and the blood in the lungs This would explain why the central nervous system could be impaired when COHb levels are below 10% and death could occur at 35% (Author) A76-11718 Analysis of gases and pH of blood at attitude J H Wolcott and R R McMeekin (U S Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D C ) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathol- ogy, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 1292-1296 The accuracy of a system for measuring pH and gas in blood in a changmg-altitude environment was studied No problems were encountered when arterial blood was measured, provided the instrument was properly calibrated Failure to calibrate to the correct altitude settings caused major variations in measuring oxygen levels in blood Standard gases used for calibrating were measured at altitude without recalibrating the system, approximately 80% of the oxygen and 90% of the carbon dioxide partial-pressure values were within 3 mm Hg of their expected value More deviation occurred for P02 values as the altitude increased Frequently, the P02 electrode malfunctioned, particularly above 8000 ft (2438 m) The Corning blood gas system used in this study was capable of making accurate determinations of gas in blood if properly operated and calibrated to specific altitude levels (Author) A76-11719 Application of radioimmunoassay techniques in support of toxicologic investigations of aircraft accidents W W Manders and A M Dommguez (US Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D C ) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathol- ogy, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 19741 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975 p 1297,1298 A76 11921 A76-11720 Coronary artery disease and preventive cardiol- ogy in aviation medicine F S Pettyjohn (U S Army, Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, Ala ) and R R McMeekm (U S Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D C ) (Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology, Symposium, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, Sept 17-19, 1974) Aviation, Space, and Environ- mental Medicine, vol 46, Oct 1975, p 12991304 18refs A review of 6500 autopsied cases of deaths resulting from aircraft mishaps revealed 816 deaths (13%) attributed to pre-existing heart disease The presence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) was noted in 89 1 of these cases The incidence of CAD was studied as a function of the year in which death occurred and age of death, both in 5-year ranges, to determine the frequency of CAD in the aviation community Results are compared with those of other autopsy studies A progressive rise in the incidence of combined moderate and severe CAD is noted in the 20-34 age group Recommendations are given for programs of preventative and predictive cardiology in the aviation community C K D A76-11844 Experimental models for the evaluation of microwave biological effects P Czerski (National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland) IEEE,-Proceedings, vol 63, Nov 1975, p 1540-1544 55 refs The theoretical and empirical approaches to biological effects of microwaves are discussed The bioeffects should be considered as a chain of events primary interaction analyzed in terms of biophysics and early direct, early indirect, late (delayed) effects analyzed in terms of physiology Thermal balance experiments are discussed pointing out the necessity to take unequal deep body heating by microwaves into account The use of physiologic rhythms in microwave bioeffects experimentation is presented Possible use of pharmacodynamic approaches (simultaneous use of drugs and micro- wave exposure) is outlined Possible ways of developing biological response microwave dosimetry are indicated Unexplained effects are pointed out and the necessity of further experiments to clarify these is stressed Some possible experimental models are presented (Author) A76-11874 § Pathological-anatomical studies involving vas- cular stenoses (Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen an Gefassstenosen). H Buss, H Richter, and J Schoenmackers (Rheimsch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, West Germany) Rhemisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule, Aero- dynamisches Institut, Abhandlungen, no 22, 1975, p 166-171 11 refs In German Research supported by the Deutsche Forschungs- gememschaft It is shown with the aid of an example involving arterial vascular stenosis that different methodological approaches can be used to obtain results which describe the same phenomenon as a disturbance of, for example, the flow of the blood, the function of the heart, or the vascular wall structure Attention is given to the preparation of models for the conduction of flow experiments, the techniques used to observe the flow characteristics, and studies with a scanning electron microscope The results obtained in the various investiga- tions are discussed G R A76-11917 H Some particulars on the training of aviation physicians (Nekotorye osobennosti podgotovki aviatsionnykh vrachei) N M Rudnyi, I I Vavilov, and V I Kopanev Voenno Meditsmskn Zhurnal, Aug 1975, p 1821 In Russian The training of specialists in aviation medicine must emphasize skill in diagnosis and in basic clinical practice while developing expertise in the evaluation of psychological and physical stresses placed on pilots and aircraft crew It is particularly essential that these physicians receive training in the early detection of disease To assess the experience and qualifications of individual physicians it is suggested that specialists in this field receive classifications, subject to revision on the basis of periodic reviews C K D A76-11918 § Ways of further perfecting methods of vestibu- lar selection (Put) dal'neishego soveishenstvovanna metodov vestibu- liarnogo otbora) E M luganov, E V Lapaev, V V Ivanov, and 0 A Vorob'ev Voenno-Meditsmskn Zhurnal, Aug 1975, p 55-57 In Russian The cumulative effects of Coriohs and centripetal accelerations upon the vestibular apparatus was studied in a group of healthy men from 20 to 45 It was found that tolerance of Coriohs acceleration was strongly dependent upon the angle of inclination of the head and torso relatively high (0 1 g) Coriohs accelerations produced less disturbance with the head in a vertical position than relatively low (0025 g) accelerations experienced with the head sharply inclined The rapidity with which centripetal accelerations produced symptoms of vestibular disturbance was proportional both to their magnitude and to their duration C K D A76-11919 # Aviation audiometric lists (Aviatsionnye audiometncheskie tablitsy) V S Kuznetsov, V A Kurashvili, M I Katalov, and A S Zharkaia Voenno-Meditsinsku Zhurnal, Aug 1975, p 57-60 In Russian The composition of aircraft radio telephony communications was analyzed to determine the frequency of individual words and the percentage of words of a given length Audiometric lists were formulated on the basis of these data and on the basis of similar data reflecting patterns in nonspecialized speech A group of aviation specialists, 1/3 of whom had some reduction of tonal hearing, and a control group with no specialized training were tested at various noise levels with both types of lists Results demonstrate that audiometric lists using the aviation lexicon are more useful in evaluating the hearing of pilots The specialized vocabulary could be distinguished at relatively high noise levels by the pilots having some loss of tonal hearing C K D A76-11920 t> Hemodynamic indicators in air personnel of varying ages (Pokazateli gemodmamiki u letnogo sostava razhchnykh vozrastov). V V Lemesh Voenno-Meditsmskn Zhurnal, Aug 1975, p 70,71 In Russian The age characteristics of hemodynamic indicators were invest) gated in four groups of aircraft personnel groups 1 and 2 (mean ages 29 1 and 39 3 years) made up of healthy men, groups 3 and 4 (mean ages 30 6 and 39 3) composed of men suffering from hypertonic neurocirculatory dystoma Spirograms, combined electrocardio- grams, and arterial pressure were recorded over a 5 minute period during which subjects breathed either pure oxygen or 9 5% oxygen, 90 5% nitrogen For the healthy men, the changes in the hemo dynamic indicators due to hypoxia were smaller in the older men, while in the other groups the reaction to hypoxia was not age dependent In healthy men breathing pure oxygen, all indicators studied increased with increasing age, with the exception of peripheral resistance which showed age-dependent decrease C K D A76-11921 H Apparatus for the combined study of the functions of the auditory and visual analyzers (Pribor dha kom- pleksnogo obsledovanna funktsn slukhovogo i zritel'nogo analiza- torov) M S Gonchar and T S Voronm Voenno-Meditsinsku Zhurnal, Aug 1975, p 75-77 In Russian A portable apparatus for the investigation of the visual and auditory analyzers has been developed It permits thi< study of a wide range of factors including the critical frequency of the achromatic and chromatic flicker fusion, the period of a simple motor reaction, selective responses to achromatic and chromatic light stimuli, perception of sound signals of various frequencies and intensities, and the functional lability of the visual analyzer The schematic circuit of the apparatus is presented, and its use is discussed C K D A76-12097 A76-12097 Effect of elastic loading on ventilatory response to hypoxia in conscious man A S Rebuck, M Betts, and N A Saunders (McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada) Journal of Applied Physiology, vol 39, Oct 1975, p 548-551 19 refs Medical Research Council of Canada Grant No MA-5126 Ventilatory responses to isocapnic hypoxia, with and without an inspiratory elastic load, were measured in seven healthy subjects using a rebreathing technique During each experiment, the end-tidal C02 partial pressure was held constant using a variable-speed pump to draw gas from the rebreathing bag through a C02 absorbing bypass Elastic loading did not significantly alter the ventilatory response to progressive hypoxia In all subjects there was, however, a change in breathing pattern during loading, whereby increments in ventilation were attained by smaller tidal volumes and higher frequencies than in the control experiments These results support the hypothesis that a similar control pathway appears to be involved in response to the application of loads to breathing, whether ventilation is stimulated by hypoxia or hypercapnia (Author) A76-12098 Effect of altitude exposure on platelets G W Gray, A C Bryan, M H Freedman, C S Houston, W F Lewis, D M McFadden, and G Newell (Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Arctic Institute of North America, Mt Logan, Yukon Territory, Canada) Journal of Applied Physiology, vol 39, Oct 1975, p 648-651 18 refs Since decomposition from depth is known to produce a fall in platelet count, the effect of altitude decompression and high-altitude exposure on platelets was investigated Sixteen subjects decom- pressed without hypoxia to 20,000 ft simulated altitude for two hours showed a significant drop in circulating platelet count of approximately 10% for three days following decompression Subjects exposed to 9,800 ft and then 17,600 ft in a mountain environment showed a significant mean decrease in platelet count on day 2 of 7% and 25% respectively, which had returned to control by day 5 It is postulated that altitude decompression produces platelet reductions similar to these seen after decompression from depth, and that platelets sequester in the pulmonary vascular bed (Author) A76-12099 Changes in the single-breath nitrogen washout curve on exposure to 17,600 ft G W Gray, D M McFadden, C S Houston, and A C Bryan (Defence and Civil Institute of Environ- mental Medicine, Toronto, Arctic Institute of North America, Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada) Journal of Applied Phys- iology, vol 39, Oct 1975, p 652656 22 refs Seventeen volunteers were exposed to 17,600 ft after an acclimatization period at 9,800 ft Single breath nitrogen washout curves were done at base camp (2,600 ft), on days 2 and 4 at 9,800 ft, and on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 at 17,600 ft There was a significant 39% increase in the slope of phase III on day 2 at 9,800 ft, accompanied by a 125 ml mean increase in anatomic dead space (VD) and a marked decrease in cardiac oscillations By day 4 at 9,800 ft phase III slopes were reduced and were not significantly different from base-line controls, while cardiac oscillations were increased and VD decreased from day 2 Subsequent exposure to 17,600 ft produced another significant increase in phase III slope to 87% above control, which by day 7 had decreased significantly to 63% above control These changes suggest a pathophysiologic lung lesion which impairs gas mixing and increases asynchronous empty- ing during early altitude exposure (Author) A76-12162 Biventricular dynamics during quantitated anteroseptal infarction in the porcine heart. H Brooks, J Al-Sadir, J Schwartz, B Rich, P Harper, and L Resnekov (Chicago, University, Franklin McLean Memorial Research Institute, Chicago, III ) Ameri- can Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Nov 1975, p 765-775 32 refs Research supported by the Louis Block Fund and University of Chicago, Grants No NIH-HL-70-132-02, No NIH-N01-81334, No PHS-BM-18940 A76-12163 Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow in man - Description and critique of the method using xenon-133 and a scintillation camera P J Cannon, R R Sciacca, D L Fowler, M B Weiss, D H Schmidt, and W J Casarella (College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, N Y ) American Journal of Cardiology, vol 36, Nov 1975, p 783-792 44 refs Grants No PHS-HL-14148, No PHS-HL-14236 A76-12164 The application of conductive cooling to human operators E Shvartz (Chamber of Mines of South Africa, Human Sciences Laboratory, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa) Human Factors, vol 17, Oct 1975, p 438-445 18 refs The application of conductive cooling for men working in different systems is discussed with respect to work load, heat stress, and clothing Two types of conductive cooling are considered circulating water, and ice A brief review of the effects of whole and partial body cooling on the responses of man to heat stress serves as a basis for suggestions about desirable types of cooling which would allow the human operator to maintain satisfactory performance for extended periods (Author) A76-12165 Training transfer of a formation flight trainer G B Reid (USAF, Human Resources Laboratory, Williams AFB, Ariz ) Human Factors, vol 17, Oct 1975, p 470-476 11 refs The present research was conducted to measure transfer of training from a formation simulator to aircraft formation flying Evidence in support of positive transfer was obtained by comparing students trained in the formation simulator with students who were essentially untrained and with students trained in the aircraft This design provided data for a direct comparison of five simulator sorties with two aircraft sorties, in an effort to establish quickly a training cost/transfer comparison The results indicate that simulator training has at least the effectiveness of two aircraft sorties (Author) A76-12211 # Changes in the oxygen tension and bio- electrical activity of the animal brain in acute hypoxy (Izmeneniia napnazhenna kisloroda i bioelektricheskoi aktivnosti golovnogo mozga zhivotnykh pri vozdeistvii ostroi gipoksn) N S Akopian and O G Baklavadzhian (Erevansku Gosudarstvennyi Umversitet, Yerevan, Armenian SSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR, vol 61, Sept 1975, p 1303-1309 24 refs In Russian Simultaneous recording of oxygen tension (PO2) and bio- electrical potentials for different cerebral structures in rabbits and rats was carried out through implanted electrodes under conditions of acute oxygen deficiency A pronounced activation of EEG considered as an electrophysiological correlate of behavioral response was observed in rabbits only at the beginning of ascent to high altitude and descent from it, whereas rats did not show any response of this kind EEG, respiration, and cardiac activity changes due to a drop in the P02 of the brain tissue were almost of the same character in both species S D A76-12212 ft Microelectrode study of the distribution of oxygen tension in the brain (Issledovame mezhkapilliarnogo raspre- delemia PO2 v golovnom mozge s pomoshch'iu mikroelektrodov) I T Demchenko (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Evoliutsionnoi Fiziologn i Biokhimn, Leningrad, USSR) and A E Chuikm (Leningradskn Gosudarstvennyi Umversitet, Leningrad, USSR) Fi- ziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR, vol 61, Sept 1975, p 1310-1317 19 refs In Russian The behavior of oxygen tension (P02) distribution in the mtercapillary spaces in the cortex of nonanesthetized and im- mobilized cats under normal and hypoxic conditions is investigated through specially designed microelectrodes 1-3 microns in diameter A simple technique is proposed for estimating the resulting inter- capillary P02 Under normal conditions, absolute values of P02 are found to vary between 1 and 95 mm Hg Initially high PO2 undergoes maximum changes in hypoxia, whereas lower PO2 values show no significant change Analysis of the parameters of P02 distribution is helpful in developing a method for estimating the effectiveness of oxygen supply to the brain tissue S D A76-12303 A76-12213 li On the role of the hypothalamus in the mechanism of positional nystagmus (O roll gipotalamusa v me- khamzme pozitsionnogo nistagma) V E Konukm (Voenno- Meditsmskaia Akademna, Akademna Meditsmskikh Nauk, Leningrad, USSR) Fiziologichesku Zhumal SSSR, vol 61, Sept 1975, p 1337 1342 19refs In Russian A76-12214 i> Rotatory and vertical components of the eye nystagmus induced by rotation in a horizontal plane (O rotatornoi i vertikal'noi sostavliaiushchikh v glaznom nistagme, vyzvannom vra- shchemem v gonzontal'noi ploskosti) M M Lev ash ov and lu K Stolbkov (Akademna Nauk SSSR, Institut Fiziologn, Leningrad, USSR) Fiziologicheskn Zhurnal SSSR, vol 61, Sept 1975, p 1343-1350 11 refs In Russian The eye movements of a rabbit rotating about a vertical axis were recorded on film The rotation test involved positive angular acceleration, two-minute rotation at a constant angular speed, and negative angular acceleration Two types of rotation were used rotation axis between the labyrinths and an off-centered rotation providing a centrifugal force of 0 5 g Successive film processing revealed the simultaneous movements of the eye in three planes horizontal, frontal, and sagittal The movements in all the planes consisted of rhythmic nystagmic and tonic components In addition, a tonic otolith reflex occurred during the off-centered rotation The complex form of the resulting vestibular nystagmus is attributed to hydromechamcal interaction between the semicircular canals S D A76-12215 # The processing of a colored signal by various types of ganglionic cells in the frog retina (Obrabotka tsvetovogo signala razlichnymi tipami ganghoznykh kletok setchatki hagushki). B A Funtikov and I K Boreisha (Lenmgradskn Gosudarstvennyi Umversitet, Leningrad, USSR) Fiziologichesku Zhumal SSSR, vol 61, Sept 1975, p 1351-1358 34 refs In Russian The response to colored stimuli was studied using sections of frog retina containing two types of rod cells (with maximum absorptions in the region of 502 and 433 nm) and two types of cone cells single, with maximum absorption at 575 nm, and duplex, with the mam and complementary parts absorbing at in the region of 575 and 502 nm, respectively It was found that only a few neurons functioned according to the opponent principle when the stimulus color was changed A large number of the slow-firing on off neurons altered their discharge pattern, and a sizeable group of on-neurons was sensitive to the order of the colored stimuli, displaying delays in their response that were dependent on the color of the initial stimulus On the basis of these results it is suggested that temporal rather than spatial comparison is the mechanism of color identifi- cation C K D A76-12216 # The condition of the vascular net and the hemoencephahc barrier in the brain cortex of rats in the course of training for hypoxia (Sostoianie sosudistoi seti i gematoentsefali- cheskogo bar'era v kore golovnogo mozga krys v protsesse tremrovki k gipoksn) L N Simanovskn, A A Nikiforov, and V M Bresler (Akademna Nauk SSSR, Institut Evoliutsionnoi Fiziologn i Biokhimii, Leningrad, USSR) Fiziologichesku Zhurnal SSSR, vol 61, Sept 1975, p 1373-1380 33 refs In Russian A76-12217 ft Interaction between pressor and depressor mechanisms in the self-regulation of arterial pressure (O vzaimodei- stvn pressornykh i depressornykh mekhanizmov v samoreguhatsn artenal'nogo davleniia) K V Sudakov and M M Rasulov (I Moskovskn Meditsmkn Institut, Moscow, USSR) Fiziologichesku Zhurnal SSSP, vol 61, Sept 1975, p 1387-1396 20 refs In Russian The paper discusses the interaction of pressor and depressor effects in a functional system maintaining a constant level of blood pressure in the body It is shown that under normal conditions the threshold depressor effects of the aortic nerve are stronger than its threshold pressor effects during stimulation of both the hypo- thalamic pressor points and the pressor zones of the bulbar vasomotor center Monomodal and polymodal neurons as related to the excitation of pressor zones in the posterior hypothalamus and of the aortic depressor nerve are revealed in some structures of the cardiovascular center in the medulla oblongata It is suggested that convergent neurons are responsible for the end result of antagonistic pressor and depressor interactions at the level of the medulla oblongata neurons S 0 A76-12244 Variations in psychomotor efficiency during prolonged stay at high altitude V M Sharma, M S Malhotra, and A S Baskaran (Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India) Ergonomics, vol 18, Sept 1975, p 511-516 15 refs Alterations in psychomotor efficiency of 25 young adults (age range 21-30 yr) were studied during their stay up to two yr at an altitude of 4000 m Psychomotor performance, its speed and accuracy were measured by administering an eye-hand coordination test at sea level and altitude after stay periods of 1, 10, 13, 18 and 24 months Overall psychomotor efficiency, its accuracy and speed declined during early stages of altitude exposure A progressive recovery was registered in overall performance by way of improve ment in accuracy after 13 months presumably due to acclimatiza- tion Speed in performance showed no such gradual return to sea-level standard (Author) A76-12301 ii Changes in peripheral vessels tone during acute hypoxia (Pro zmmi tonusu periferichmkh sudin pri gostrn gipoksich- nii gipoksn) V V Bratus' and N N Volkova (Akademna Nauk Ukrams'koi RSR, Institut Fiziologn, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) FIZIO- logichnu Zhurnal, vol 21, Sept-Oct 1975, p 602-606 22 refs In Ukrainian The changes in the systemic hemodynamics as well as in the arterial and venous tone were studied at the initial stages of acute hypoxia All the investigated effector elements of the cardiovascular system are shown to take an active part in development of the pressor reaction on respiration by the hypoxic mixture But an increase in the heart activity and the rise of the venous tone occur much earlier than the distinct arterial constriction (Author) A76-12302 // Change in brain blood circulation during mental activity (Zmmi mozkovogo krovoobigu pri rozumovn dual'nosti) S M Rashman (Knvs'kn Pedagogichnn Institut, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) Fiziologichnu Zhurnal, vol 21, Sept-Oct 1975, p 607-611 10 refs In Ukrainian The brain circulation was studied by the method of rheoencephalography during mental activity of different character When mental activity is long and without developed emotions a tendency is observed to an increase in the brain blood supply after the work to slowing down in the rate of blood flow through the brain vessels with definite changes in the rheoencephalographical curve shape With a short period but nervous-emotional mental activity the changes in blood supply or blood flow rate are not developed, however the curve shape may vary considerably, being the plateau shaped, dome-shaped or pointed for a short period of time with appearance of the additional dicrotic teeth and with sharp unsynonymous fluctuations in some rheoencephalographic indices (Author) A76-12303 ff Change in absorption and secretion functions of small intestine under the influence of rocking (Zmma vsmoktu- val'noi i sekretornoi dual'nosti kishechnika pid vplivom priamo- linnnikh priskoren') R 0 Faitel'berg, lu F Udalov, L I S'omik, and G V Gladkn (Odesskn Gosudarstvennyi Umversitet, Odessa, Ukrainian SSR) Fiziologichnu Zhurnal, vol 21, Sept-Oct 1975, p 659-666 14 refs In Ukrainian The absorption and secretion functions of the small intestine under rocking were studied in 7 dogs with the jejunum isolated by the Thiry method It was found that under the influence of rocking absorption of glucose and glycine is decreased but that of copper and manganese trace elements is increased Preparation 'Pitaf removes A76 12304 the depressing influence of rocking on absorption of glucose and glycme Simultaneously with a change in absorption a change in secretion of the intestinal juice was observed in response to the introduced substances The proteolytic and ammolytic activities of the intestine juice under the effect of rocking increased (Author) A76-12304 # Change in the functional state of the central nervous system and the motor apparatus of athletes under different conditions of activity and rest (Zmmi funktsional'nogo stanu tsentral'noi nervovoi sistemi i rukhovogo aparata sportsmeniv v umovakh nzmkh rezhimiv diial'nosti i vidpochmku) P L Leva- kovs'kn, 0 la Pirogova, and G M Chaichenko (Knvs'kn Derzhavnu Universitet, Knvs'ku Institut Medichnikh Problem Fizichnoi Kul'tun, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) Fiziologichnn Zhurnal, vol 21, Sept-Oct 1975, p 675-681 15refs In Ukrainian A76-12305 # Multichannel rheograph with linear conversion characteristic and demodulation of pulsed blood filling at minimum probe current (Bagatokanal'nu reograf z linnnoiu kharaktenstikoiu peretvorenma i demoduliatsn pul'sovogo krovonapovnenma pri mmimarnomu strumi zonduvanma) A A Novikov and F F Getman (Odes'kn Medichnn Institut, Odessa, Ukrainian SSR) Fiziologichnn Zhurnal, vol 21, Sept Oct 1975, p 698-700 10refs In Ukrainian A76-12337 Backward recognition masking. D W Massaro (Wisconsin, University, Madison, Wis ) Acoustical Society of America, Journal, vol 58, Nov 1975, p 1059-1065 10 refs Grant No PHS-MH-19399 Backward recognition masking refers to the interference of a second sound on recognition of another sound presented earlier in time Previous experiments have demonstrated backward recognition masking in an absolute judgment task In those experiments, all of the experimental conditions were varied randomly within a test session In the first experiment reported here, backward-masking functions generated between blocks of trails were compared to those determined within an experimental session The results showed backward masking using both experimental procedures The next two experiments evaluate backward-masking effects in a two-interval forced-choice task and a successive-comparison task Backward masking was observed in both experiments The final experiment showed that selectively attending to the ear of the test tone presentation does not attenuate the backward-masking effect of a second tone presented to the opposite ear (Author) neutral events (background event rate) were studied in a visual vigilance task Four groups of subjects experienced either a high (21 events/mm) or a low (6 events/mm) event rate for 20 mm and then experienced either the same or the alternate event rate for an additional 40 mm The temporal occurrence of critical target signals was identical for all groups, irrespective of event rate The density of critical signals was 12 signals/20 mm By the end of the session, shifts in event rate were associated with changes in performance which resembled contrast effects found in other experimental situations in which shift paradigms were used Relative to constant event rate control conditions, a shift from a low to a high event rate depressed the probability of signal detections, while a shift in the opposite direction enhanced the probability of signal detections (Author) A76-12446 Influence of foveal load on the functional visual field M Ikeda and T Takeuchi (Tokyo Institute of Tech- nology, Tokyo, Japan) Perception and Psychophysics, vol 18, no 4, Oct 1975, p 255-260 26 refs The functional visual field defined in terms of a discrimination task of a target presented peripherally among ambiguous background patterns was investigated for various foveal loads which were to be recognized at the central retina Foveal loads were numbers, letters, place names, traffic signs, and other figures to simulate commonplace situations for foveal information processing, and grouped into three in order of recognition difficulty based on daily experience Boundaries of the functional visual field were obtained for simple fixation and for certain foveal loads Comparison of these boundaries clearly showed shrinkage of the functional visual field size with the foveal loads of greater recognition difficulty (Author) A76-12447* Intermodal transfer in temporal discrimina- tion. J S Warm, R M Stutz, and P A Vassolo (Cincinnati, University, Cincinnati, Ohio) Perception and Psychophysics, vol 18, no 4, Oct 1975, p 281-286 28 refs Grants No DA-49-193-2918, No NGL-36-004-014 This study determined if training for accuracy in temporal discrimination would transfer across sensory modalities A fractiona- tion method was used in which subjects bisected the durations of acoustic and visual signals at three standard intervals (6, 12, and 18 sec) Absolute error was the performance index Half of the subjects were trained with acoustic stimuli and then tested in vision, the remainder were trained in vision and tested in audition Similar negatively accelerated acquisition functions were noted for both modalities Positive mtermodal transfer, characterized by symmetry across modalities, was obtained at all standard durations The results were considered to provide support for the notion that a common mechanism underlies temporal discriminations in different sensory systems (Author) A76-12430 * Ernst Mach on the vestibular organ 100 years ago. V Henn (Zurich, Universitat, Zurich, Switzerland, MIT, Cambridge, Mass ) and L R Young ORL, vol 37, 1975, p 138-148 27 refs Grant No NGR-22-009-701 The paper reviews the contributions of Ernst Mach to vestibular research His experiments, mainly psychophysical in nature, included measurements of threshold and investigation of the vestibular-visual interaction Among his conclusions are that the adequate stimulus for the semicircular canals must be pressure, and that the sustained endolymph flow theory of Breuer (1874) and Crum Brown (1874) is erroneous Excerpts are given of Mach's publications on vestibular functions B J A76-12445* Effec's of shifts in the rate of repetitive stimulation on sustained ittention J E Krulewitz (Iowa State University of Science and echnology, Ames, Iowa), J S Warm, and T H Wohl (Cincinnati, Uriversity, Cincinnati, Ohio) Perception and Psychophysics, vol 18, 10 4, Oct 1975, p 245-249 18 refs Research sponsored by tl.e US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Grant No N 3L-36-004-014 The effects of shif'. in the rate of presentation of repetitive A76-12475 Biochemical aspects of acclimatization of man to high altitude stress K K Snvastava (Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India) Defence Science Journal, vol 25, July 1975, p 121-126 64 refs The paper reviews the biochemical aspects of acclimatization of human body to high altitude with particular reference to the adaptive changes in skeletal muscles, hepatic function, adrenal function and carbohydrate metabolism (Author) A76-12481 ff Human aspects of observation outside the space cabin (Chelovecheskie aspekty vnekabmnogo nabhudenna) A G Nikolaev In Ergonomic dynamic control systems Kiev, Izdatel'stvo Naukova Dumka, 1975, p 94-109 15 refs In Russian The paper examines the dynamics of the visual operative capacity of astronauts in flight An algorithmic schematic representa- tion of visual observation is presented, describing an astronaut's activity as he observes and describes an atmospheric phenomenon 10 A76-12557 Data are presented showing the variation of visual capacity over a long-duration flight Some tests and materials used for monitoring vision in flight are described P T H. A76-12525 Effects of hypoxia on peripheral visual re- sponse to dim stimuli J L Kobnck (U S Army, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Mass) Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol 41,0ct 1975, p 467-474 12 refs Response times (RTs) of 9 Ss were obtained for detection of 48 flash stimuli distributed throughout the visual field during 3-1/4-hr exposures to each of 4 hypoxia conditions (0, 13.000, 15,000, 17,000 feet equivalent elevation) The luminances of all stimuli were set in common at the detection threshold value for the visual periphery RTs were impaired in direct relation to hypoxic exposure severity, the peak impairments occurring within 90 mm followed by gradual recovery Since the present results showed less impairment than previous data for brighter stimuli using the same task, it is concluded that stimulus contrast is more critical to peripheral signal detection than absolute stimulus luminance, particularly under hypoxic exposure (Author) section with negative slope are investigated, with special attention given to the case when this segment is due to the strong dependence of tonus on the stress state of the vessel wall P T H A76-12554 ff Governing law of statistical biomechanics (Zakonomernost' statisticheskoi biomekhaniki) F K Agashin (Mos- kovskn Aviatsionnyi Institut, Moscow, USSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Kon- ferentstia po Inzhenernoi i Meditsinskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga. Latvian SSR, Oct 19751 Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 590-596 6 refs In Russian A principle of statistical biomechanics is formulated in the form of an inverted distribution of the population of levels of a biological system, such as the system of sarcomeres It is shown that in such a system a new type of condensation appears, which takes place at a maximally high energy level for the given system The activity of the sarcomere system, appearing in the form of induced radiation of elastic waves, provides an additional mechanism for the transmission of information in man and a related mechanism of programmed automatic control of fast processes P T H A76-12551 All-Union Conference on Engineering and Medical Biomechanics, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, October 1975, Reports (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsinskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, October 1975, Doklady) Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975 192p In Russian The papers collected represent theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of biological tissues and structures Some of the topics covered include a model of vascular tonus, study of the dynamical behavior of skeletal muscle as a viscoelastic body, the elastic and damping properties of the human Cooling decreased the toxicity of cychzme and had no significant effect on that of tnmethobenzamide or aspirin These findings indicate that alterations in environmental temperature markedly affect drug toxicity They emphasize that such alterations, and particularly increases in temperature, do not have to be particularly drastic, but that 'mild' variations in the environment are effective in altering an animal's sensitivity to a drug (Author) A76-12555 # The deformation properties of contractile polymer structures - Artificial muscles (O deformativnykh svoistvakh sokratitel'nykh polimernykh struktur - Iskusstvennykh myshts) R V Beliakov (Kievskn Institut Inzhenerov Grazhdanskoi Aviatsu, Kiev. Ukrainian SSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenemoi i Meditsinskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975) Mekhanika Polimerov, July Aug 1975, p 597602 14 refs In Russian A dynamic theory is presented for the longitudinal deformation of contractile polymer structures (artificial muscles) A linear approximation for small deformations is developed Attention is given to elastic-osmotic structures consisting of disperse systems of more or less diluted gels in which the deformation depends on the degree of swelling Viscoelastic properties of the gel matrix are represented by the classical Kelvm-Voigt model Material exchange between the surrounding medium and the polymer body is con- sidered in the form of a flow of penetrating particles through the membrane surface of an equivalent elastic-osmotic cell P T H A76-12552 # Mathematical description of the properties of muscle tissue (Matematicheskoe opisame svoistv myshechnoi tkani) S A Regirer, P I Usik, and I V Chernova (Moskovskn Gosudar- stvennyi Umversitet, Moscow, USSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenemoi i Meditsinskoi Biomekhanike, Jst, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975) Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 579584 37 refs In Russian A brief survey of theoretical investigations devoted to the mathematical description of the properties of muscle tissue is given Basic approaches to the problem are described, and their merits and disadvantages are discussed The need for a continuum model of muscle is expressed, corresponding to modern concepts regarding continuous media A procedure for constructing such a model is outlined, and fundamental and auxiliary hypotheses and conclusions following from a comparison of the theory with experimental data are studied P T H A76-12553 # Model of vascular tonus (Model' sosudistogo tonusa) S A Regirer, I M Rutkevich, and P I Usik (Moskovskn Gosudarstvennyi Umversitet, Moscow, USSR). (Vsesoiuznaia Kon- ferentsna po Inzhenemoi i Meditsinskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 19751 Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 585-589 13 refs In Russian The paper investigates the use of general concepts of the mechanics of muscle tissue in constructing a simplified model describing the mechanical behavior of a blood vessel wall containing muscular layers The concept of tonus is mathematically formalized, and a control parameter is introduced that has the sense of the concentration of the activator of mechanical-physical reactions in the myofibnlls The properties of vessels whose static characteristic has a A76-12556 # Effect of a sequence of activating pulses on the contractile properties of muscle (Vlnanie posledovatel'nosti aktiviruiushchikh impulsov na sokratitel'nye svoistva myshtsy) lu S Levik (Akademna Nauk SSSR, Institut Problem Peredachi In- formatsn, Moscow, USSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhener- noi i Meditsinskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 19751 Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 613-617 12 refs In Russian The effect of a doublet stimulus pulse on isometric muscular contraction in man was investigated Experiments were conducted on the flexor digitorum subhmis, the abducent muscle of the index finger, and the frontal tibial muscle Changes in the active state were measured by recording muscle contraction force and its derivative It is shown that a persistent increase in the contraction force after the doublet pulse is related to the intensification of the active state and the inhibition of its decay Significant changes in the rate of force development were also observed, due to transmission P T H A76-12557 # Theoretical study of some features of the dynamics of the behavior of skeletal muscle as a one-dimensional viscoelastic medium (Teoreticheskoe izucheme nekotorykh osoben- nostei dinamiki povedenua skeletnoi myshtsy kak odnomernoi viazkouprugoi sredy) E I Pal'tsev (Akademna Nauk SSSR, Institut Problem Peredachi Informatsn, Moscow, USSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Kon ferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsinskoi Biomekhanike, Jst, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 19751 Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 618-625 15 refs In Russian 11 A76-12558 A76-12558 ,*' Determination of the elastic and damping properties of the human femoral bone during bending (Opredelenie uprugikh i dempfiruiushchikh svoistv bedrennoi kosti cheloveka pn izgibe) V N Butriakov, G la Panovko, and B A Potemkm (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsmskoi Bio- mekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975) Mekhanika Poll- merov, July-Aug 1975, p 642-646 13refs In Russian A76-12559 H The anisotropy of compact bone material subject to impact loads (Amzotropiia kompaktnogo veshchestva kosti pn udarnykh nagruzkakh) A A Uten'km (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsmskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975) Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 655-658 7 refs In Russian A76-12560 H Study of the propagation of vibrations along the human hip bone (Issledovanie rasprostranenna vibratsn po bedrennoi kosti cheloveka) V N Butriakov, G la Panovko, B A Potemkm, G A Safarashvili, and K V Frolov (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsmskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975) Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 680-684 7 refs In Russian A76-12561 # Low-frequency acoustic characteristics of bio- logical tissues (Nizkochastotnye akusticheskie kharakteristiki bio- logicheskikh tkanei) A P Sarvazian (Akademna Nauk SSSR, Institut Biologicheskoi Fiziki, Moscow, USSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Kon- ferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsmskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975) Mekhanika Polimerov, Juiy-Aug 1975, p 691-695 6 refs In Russian The propagation of elastic waves of various types in biological tissues is studied experimentally and theoretically for the acoustic range of frequencies The contribution to the velocity of the elastic waves made by the real and imaginary components of the complex elastic modulus is analyzed It is shown that in soft tissues, low-frequency elastic disturbances propagate mainly with the aid of shear waves Geometric dispersion of velocity of elastic waves was studied experimentally on models of gel-like systems, and results for a system with Poisson coefficient of about 0 5 were in good agreement with calculated results based on the dispersion equation P T H sudarstvennyi Meditsmskii Institut, Saratov, USSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsmskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 19751 Mekhanika Polimerov, July Aug 1975, p 730-736 25 refs In Russian A76-12565 ff Electrical modeling of the blood circulation system (Ob elektncheskom modelirovann sistemy krovoobrashche- nna) A K Tsatunan (Moskovskn Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Moscow, USSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsmskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975) Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 761-765 5 refs In Russian An electrical model of the arterial part of the human vascular system is presented Impedance, the shape of pressure and discharge waves, and static operating characteristics of the vascular system under normal and artificial circulation conditions are studied on the model Regarding artificial circulation pumping, the problem of quasi-one-dimensional flow of a viscous fluid in a tube with wave-like varying radius is considered PTH A76-12635* Stress modification of the toxicity of anti motion sickness drugs and Aspirin D Shields, C Marra, A Goodwin, and J Vernikos-Danelhs (NASA, Ames Research Center, Biomedical Research Div . Moffett Field, Calif) Pharmacology, vol 13, 1975, p 241-247 23 refs The effect of environmental temperature on the toxicity of cyclizme, tnmethobenzamide, and Aspirin were studied in mice LD-50s were compared at 30 C, 22 C, and 15 C At 30 C the toxicity of all three drugs increased, with that to Aspirin being affected most Cooling decreased the toxicity of cyclizme and had no significant effect on that of tnmethobenzamide or aspirin These findings indicate that alterations in environmental temperature markedly affect drug toxicity They emphasize that such alterations, and particularly increases in temperature, do not have to be particularly drastic, but that 'mild' variations in the environment are effective in altering an animal's sensitivity to a drug (Author) A76-12562 H Effect of human psychoemotional stress and physical activity on the age-related changes in the mechanical properties of arterial walls (Vlname psikhoemotsional'nogo napna- zhenna i fizicheskoi aktivnosti cheloveka na vozrastnye izmenenna mekhanicheskikh svoistv stenok artern) A D Valtnens (Rizhskn Meditsmskii Institut, Riga, Latvian SSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Kon- ferentsiia po Inzhenemoi i Meditsmskoi Biomekhaniki, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975 ) Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 701-703 10 refs In Russian A76-12563 # Differences between the deformation and strength characteristics of large blood vessels depending on their localization, load direction and age of the human subject (Razlichua deformativnykh i prochnostnykh svoistv krupnykh krovenosnykh sosudov v zavisimosti ot ikh lokalizatsn, napravlenna nagruzhenna i vozrasta cheloveka) V A Kas'ianov and A F Kregers (Akademna Nauk Latviiskoi SSR, Institut Mekhamki Polimerov, Riga, Latvian SSR) (Vsesoiuznaia Konferentsna po Inzhenernoi i Meditsmskoi Biomekhanike, 1st, Riga, Latvian SSR, Oct 1975! Mekhanika Polimerov, July-Aug 1975, p 704-710 13 refs In Russian A76-12564 tf Morphological and functional aspects of study- ing some mechanical properties of the human aorta (Morfologi- cheskie i funktsional'nye aspekty izuchemia nekotorykh mekhani- cheskikh svoistv aorty cheloveka) lu A lartsev (Saratovskn Go- 12 N76-10704 STAR ENTRIES N76-10695*# Food and Drug Administration Cincinnati Ohio ECOLOGY AND THERMAL INACTIVATION OF MICROBES IN AND ON INTERPLANETARY SPACE VEHICLE COMPO- NENTS Quarterly Progress Report. 1 Jan - 31 Mar 1975 A L Reyes and J E Campbell Jun 1975 11 p (NASA Order W-13411) (NASA-CR-145480 QPR-40) Avail NTIS HC $3 25 CSCL 06 M Dry heat treatment is specified as the preferred means for the terminal sterilization of spacecraft and for decontamination of spacecraft components The presence of organisms highly resistant to dry heat in soil and fallout around assembly and industrial manufacturing areas is shown The dry heat survival characteristics of the Cape Kennedy isolate 4-6 B brevis spores is demonstrated The presence of hardy organisms from soil samples obtained from geographical areas of the United States is shown A resistant fraction appears to occur in low numbers in a soil sample The heat resistance characteristics of 4-6 B brevis and B subtilis var niger spores are compared Their morphological characteristics are compared by scanning electron microscopy Author N76-1O696*# Kanner (Leo) Associates Redwood City Calif STARVATION AND REFEEDING OF CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L) Y Creach and A Serfaty Washington NASA Nov 1975 25 p refs Transl into ENGLISH from J Physiol (Paris) v 68 no 3. 1974 p 245-260 (Contract NASw-2790) (NASA-TT-F-16649) Avail NTIS HC $3 25 CSCL 06C The mam findings on the biochemical changes produced by prolonged total starvation of carp are described The physiological effects are pointed out in regard to body protein utilization ammo acid metabolism and the problem of fish refeedmg after acute starvation Author N76-10697*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Space Technology Labs Bay Saint Louis Miss WATER HYACINTHS FOR UPGRADING SEWAGE LA- GOONS TO MEET ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT STANDARDS. PART 1 B C Wolverton and R C McDonald Oct 1975 9 p refs (NASA-TM-X-72729) Avail NTIS HC $3 25 CSCL 06C Water hyacinths, Eichhorma crassipes Mart Solms have demonstrated the ability to function as an efficient and inexpensive final filtration system in a secondary domestic sewage lagoon during a three month test period These plants reduced the suspended solids biochemical oxygen demanding substances and other chemical parameters to levels below the standards set by the state pollution control agency The water hyacinth-covered secondary lagoon utilized in this experiment had a surface area of 0 28 hectare (0 70 acre) with a total capacity of 6 8 million liters (1 5 million gallons) receiving an inflow of 522 100 liters (115.00O gallons) per day from a 1 1 hectare (3 8 acre) aerated primary sewage lagoon These conditions allowed a retention time of 14 to 21 days depending on the water hyacinth evapotranspiration rates The desired punty of final sewage effluent can be controlled by the water hyacinth surface area, harvest rate and the retention time Author N76-10698*# Hawaii Univ . Honolulu Botany Dept THE PERFORMANCE AND CAPABILITIES OF TER- RESTRIAL ORGANISMS IN EXTREME AND UNUSUAL GASEOUS AND LIQUID ENVIRONMENTS PERFORMANCE OF FUNGI IN EXOTIC AND HARSH ENVIRONMENTS Semiannual Report Sanford M Siegel Oct 1975 29 p refs (Grant NGL-12-001-042) (NASA-CR-145395 Paper-40) Avail NTIS HC $3 75 CSCL 06C The growth of Penicilhum in saline and low temperature conditions during a 15 month incubation period was studied Data are also given on the potential of fungi for modification of the surface geochemistry of the earth and the capacity of these fungi to solubilize and concentrate metals Author N76 10699# Los Alamos Scientific Lab, N Mex EVALUATION OF LITHIUM BORATE AS A 7000-R DOSIME- TER D M Holm and R J Payne Apr 1975 6 p refs (Contract W-7405-eng-36) (LA-5927-MS) Avail NTIS HCS400 A lithium borate dosimeter was evaluated as a 7000-R dosimetry system One hundred dosimeter cards having two dosimeters per card were irradiated by a 250-keV X-ray machine A twofold change in calibration was observed during the course of 98 irradiation cycles and a decrease in light output versus time lag between irradiation and reading was observed The first card failed on the 36th cycle and only two cards survived to the 98th cycle All of the failures were due to damage of the Teflon packaging causing the dosimeters to hang up in the readout or to move in their card This system could be used for screwworm fly dosimetry but is not considered ideal Author (NSA) N76-10700# Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati Ohio Office of Water Program Operations PLANKTON ANALYSIS TRAINING MANUAL Final Report R M Sinclair Mar 1975 265 p refs (PB-242008/1. EPA-430/1-75-004) Avail NTIS HC $8 50 CSCL 06F The manual covers the broad field of plankton analysis including reference outlines on classification and identification of algae and zooplankton limnology of plankton techniques of collection, and laboratory methods of analysis GRA N76-10703# Royal Aircraft Establishment Farnborough (England) FRACTURES OF THE SPINE IN HELICOPTER ACCIDENTS (EXAMINATION OF 25 CASES) R P Delahaye R Carre. R Auffret, and Farand Jul 1975 10 p refs Transl into ENGLISH from Rev Med Aeronaut et Spatiale (France) v 7 no 26. 1968 p 131-133 (RAE-Lib-Trans-1848 BR48896) Avail NTIS HC $3 25 Fractures of the spine were observed in the survivors of helicopters accidents The different types of crashes are described and some of the characteristic observations are reported The positions of the fractures and their pathogenic mechanisms are considered Author N76-10704*# Transemantics Inc Washington, D C MEASUREMENTS OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND LAUCINE INCORPORATION RATES IN THE BRAINS OF YOUNG AND OLD RATS AFTER APPLICATIONS OF PIRACETAM D Plan H Henng. and F J Hermg Washington NASA Nov 1975 13 p refs Transl into ENGLISH from Arzneim Forsch Drug Research (West Germany), v 24 no 10, 1974 p 1588-1590 (Contract NASw-2792) (NASA-TT-F-16653) Avail NTIS HC S3 25 CSCL 06C The activities were measured of three lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase beta-acetylglucosamtmdase cathepsm D and the incorporation rate of C-14-D-leucme of the brains of young 13 N76 10705 and old rats after the application of 2-oxo-pyrrolidm-1-acetamid (piracetam) The results demonstrate an increase of the incorpora- tion rate as well as an increase of the protein concentration in the lysosomal sediment of young and old rats The activities of the catabole lysosomal enzymes decrease in all investigated groups The results are discussed Author N76-10705*# Techtran Corp Silver Spring Md X-RAY INVESTIGATION IN AVIATION AND SPACE MEDICINE A R Mansurov Washington NASA Oct 1975 91 p refs Transl into ENGLISH of the book "Tashkent' USSR. Meditsma Press. 1971 p 1-166 (Contract NASw-2485) (NASA-TT-F-804) Avail NTIS HC $4 75 CSCL 06S The history of the use of X-rays to study the effects produced in animals and man by g-forces oriented in various directions is presented with reference of Soviet and foreign literature Frequent comparisons are drawn between the effects on unprotected organisms and parts of the body and the same effects ameliorated by the use of pressurized clothing and special g-suits Data drawn from examinations of professional aviators and parachute jumpers are employed in a survey placing special emphasis on spinal changes and damage caused by landing after ejection or making a jump Author N76-10706*# Umpqua Research Co Myrtle Creek. Ore EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF SPACE WASH WATER Final Report David F Putnam and Gerald V Colombo Sep 1975 79 p refs (Contract NAS2-8239) (NASA-CR-137735 URC-50801) Avail NTIS HC $4 75 CSCL 06P This report presents experimental data obtained under controlled conditions which quantify the various constituents of human origin that may be expected in space wash water The experiments were conducted with a simulated crew of two male and two female subjects The data show that the expected wash water contaminants originating from human secretions are substantially lower than theoretical protections indicated The data presented are immediately useful and may have considerable impact on the tradeoff comparisons among various unit processes and systems under consideration by NASA for recycling space wash water Author N76-10707*jj( Air Force Academy Colo Instrumentation Lab ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN LEG VOLUME PARAMETERS. AND ORTHOSTATIC TOLERANCE IN RESPONSE TO LOWER BODY NEGATIVE PRESSURE DURING 59 DAYS EXPOSURE TO ZERO GRAVITY SKYLAB 3 Richard D Barnett Richard J Gowen and David R Carroll Jul 1975 300 p refs (NASA Order T-66344-G) (NASA-CR-144515) Avail NTIS HC $8 75 CSCL 06S The cardiovascular responses of the Apollo crewmen associated with postflight evaluations indicate varying decrements of orthostatic tolerance The postflight changes indicate a slightly diminished ability to the cardiovascular system to function effectively against gravity following exposure to weightlessness The objective of the Skylab LBNP experiments (M092) was to provide information about the magnitude and time course of the cardiovascular changes associated with prolonged periods of exposure to weightlessness This report details the equipment signal processing and analysis of the leg volume data obtained from the M092 experiment of the Skylab 3 Mission Author N76-10708# Institute for Perception RVO-TNO, Soesterberg (Netherlands) REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY ON STANDARDIZA- TION OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH GROUP ON COLOUR VISION DEFICIENCIES J J Vos 1975 14 p (IZF-1975-7. TDCK-66457) Avail NTIS HC $3 25 Members of the working party gave their judgment on the performance of color vision tests (Ishihara HRR TMC. Dvonne Farnsworth F2 Farnsworth dichotomous D15, Farnsworth H100 and Anamaloscopes Nagel I and II) and on problems of nomenclature The results are discussed and a suggestion is made to set up a list of registered color vision tests with documentated performance as a possibly useful step towards standardized color vision tests Author (ESA) N76-10709# Naval Medical Research Inst Bethesda Md HUMAN ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS IN THE EVALUATION OF DIVING EQUIPMENT Medical Research Progress Report A J Bachrach and G H Egstrom 1974 18 p refs Submitted for publication (AD-A011680) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/11 Highlights are presented of a particular human factors approach to one aspect of diver performance - the assessment of diving equipment its impact on the divers work and to a degree, his physiological state Briefly reported are a range-of- motion biomechamcal analysis of the flexibility of the two systems and a heart rate-work correlation comparison of the two systems GRA N76-10710# Harvard Medical School Boston Mass Dept of Physiology REGULATION OF PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID DEGRADA- TION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE Alfred L Goldberg and Richard Odessey 1974 15 p refs Presented at Proc of Intern Conf, Carefree Ariz, 15-19 Oct 1973 Submitted for publication (Grant AF-AFOSR-1807-69) (AD-A011508 ISBN-90-21902265) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/1 The article reviews recent investigations on the following aspects of protein metabolism in muscle (1) In muscle the average rates of protein catabolism vary under different physiologi- cal conditions e g fasting Several factors have been found to reduce protein catabolism including insulin glucose and branched chain ammo acids In addition repeated contractions and passive tension on the muscle retard net proteolysis (2) Muscle rapidly oxidizes 3 required ammo acids - leucme isoleucme and valme This process increases severalfold upon fasting in diabetes and after hypophysectomy (3) Muscle releases into the circulation large amounts of alanine This process is linked to degradation of the branched chain ammo acids Since alanme is a major precursor for glucose synthesis in liver and since liver releases branched chain ammo acids selectively during gluconeogenesis there appears to be a cycle between muscle and liver of branched chain ammo acids and alanine GRA N76-10711# Rochester Univ NY Div of Urology THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DECOMPRESSION SICK- NESS AN OVERVIEW WITH EMPHASIS ON PLASMA AND LIPID CHANGES Final Report Abraham T K Cockett Stephen M Pauley, Donald N Zehl and Wilha S Cockett 30 May 1975 17 p refs (Contract N00014-67-A-0398-0008, NR Proj 201-011) (AD-A011153, Rept-5-29192) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/19 Several significant findings or trends have been noted over the past 12 years Upid emboli coexist with gaseous emboli in moderately severe decompression sickness Upid emboli can be altered following early intravenous therapy Dextran (LMW or MMW) is effective as an antilipemic clearing agent An excellent colloidal expander dextran should be used in the treatment of severe decompression sickness particularly if a recompression chamber is miles away Human divers may manifest changes in hematocnt, platelet and selected coagulation factors These trends are of interest and can perhaps herald the onset of decompression sickness if the plasma changes are significantly altered beyond the levels shown by volunteer divers The lungs serve as a primary target organ for trapping emboli Disruption of alveoli at this site may lead to air embolism Careful monitoring of the brain and eyeground can be of assistance in following the more severely afflicted patient GRA 14 N76 10719 N76-10712# Army Edgewood Arsenal Md RESPIRATORY RESISTANCE AND THE ENDURANCE OF MEN WORKING UNDER THERMAL STRESS Technical Report. Dec 1973 - Jul 1974 Francis N Craig and Fred W Stemler May 1975 30 p refs (DA Pro) 1W7-62710-AD-25) (AD-A011261 EB-TR-75025) Avail NTIS CSCL 05/5 The effect of the respiratory resistances of the M17A1 protective mask on endurance in hard work of five men wearing the two-layer permeable protective assembly was tested by comparing the standard mask with one whose mspiratory and expiratory resistances were 3 mm H20 at an airflow of 85 liters per minute Four comparisons were made at 18C nine at 41C and three at 46C in walking at 3 mph or jogging at 4 mph both up a 10 percent grade The 3-mph walks represented a workload of from one-third to one-half the measured maximal oxygen uptake The physiological state at exhaustion was examined in terms of the heart rate rectal temperature and the time devoted to the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle For men walking at 3 mph up a 10 percent grade the heat load of the permeable protective assembly restricts endurance at environmental temperatures of 18C and above The respiratory stress of the M17A1 protective mask does not add significantly to the restriction on endurance under these conditions GRA N76-10713# School of Aerospace Medicine Brooks AFB Tex INFLIGHT PATIENT MONITORING/BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT DEVICE Final Report. Jun 1970 - Jul 1974 Helen D Kopczynski David U Stoner and George A Rex May 1975 13 p (AF Proj 4054) (AD-A011608 SAM-TR-75-9) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/12 The blood pressure measurement device was designed to meet an urgent operational requirement for a method of monitoring vital signs of acutely ill patients while in flight The high noise and vibration levels of most aircraft make the indirect measure- ment of blood pressure extremely difficult using the conventional approach The Military Airlift Command (MAC) requested development of a device which would overcome these constraints A method using an ultrasonic monitoring device that employs the Doppler shift principle to detect blood flow and arterial wall motion was developed by USAFSAM The inflight blood pressure measurement device consists of a commercial ultrasonic Doppler shift monitor and a standard sphygmomanometer which has been modified by placing a transducer mount through the cuff and bladder The device is employed similarly to an acoustic stethoscope and sphygmomanometer GRA N76-10714# Maryland Univ College Park CELLULAR VIABILITY. METABOLISM AND GROWTH KINETICS DURING HYPERTHERMIA IN THE PHYSIOLOGI- CAL RANGE Final Report. 18 Jun 1973 - 31 Aug 1974 Joshua R C Brown 23 May 1975 12 p refs (Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-73-G196) (AD-A011484 FR-3 ARO-1 1556 3-L) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/19 The objectives of the project are to (1) establish a dose response curve to hyperthermia between normal incubation temperature and 40 5C (2) to investigate the mechanisms of thermal disruption of normal cellular activities and attempt to correlate temperature induced effects with changes in high energy nucleotide availability or with the levels of other metabolic regulators (3) to investigate the mechanisms of increased thermal stability in previously heat treated cell cultures A brief outline of research findings is presented GRA N76-10715# Maryland Univ College Park CELLULAR VIABILITY. METABOLISM AND GROWTH KINETICS DURING HYPERTHERMIA IN THE PHYSIOLOGI- CAL RANGE Final Report. 1 Feb 1972 - 31 Aug 1974 Joshua R C Brown 23 May 1975 11 p refs (Grant DAHC19-72-G-0010) (AD-A011482 ARO-1 1556 2-L FR-2) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/19 A study of the effect of a 12-hour incubation at 40 5C on population growth mitotic index cell viability and rate of incorporation of 3H-thymidme into DNA 3H-leucme into protein and inorganic 32P into high energy nucleotides is presented A summary of results of this investigation is given GRA N76-10716# Turku Univ (Finland) Dept of Medical Chemistry OXYGEN AND TRAUMA STUDIES ON PULMONARY OXYGEN POISONING AND THE ROLE OF OXYGEN IN REPAIR PROCESSES Final Technical Report, Dec 1973 - Dec 1974 Juha Nnmkoski Dec 1974 90 p refs (Gram DA-ERO-124-74-G-0011) (AD-A011408. ARDG(E)-R/D-2026) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/5 Contents oxygen-induced changes in pulmonary phos- phohpids collagen metabolism in rat lungs during chronic intermittent exposure to oxygen Determinations of local 02 and CO2 tensions by means of implanted silastic tube parenchymal gas tensions in dog lung mtrapentoneal 02 and C02 tensions in experimental adhesion disease and peritonitis energy metabo- lism of experimental wounds in various oxygen environments effect of hyperbaric oxygenation and prolonged hypoxia on healing of open wounds oxygen tensions in healing anastomosis of rabbit aorta GRA N76-10717# Aerospace Medical Research Labs Wright- Patterson AFB Ohio EFFECTS OF MONOMETHYLHYDRAZINE ON RED BLOOD CELL METABOLISM Marilyn E George Mar 1975 20 p refs (AF Proj 7163) (AD-A011548 AMRL-TR-74-87) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/20 Monomethylhydrazme is used in various Air Force propellant systems Chronic exposure to low concentrations of this compound results in an anemia characterized by methemoglobmemia decreased levels of reduced glutathione and Heinz body formation The study reported here was designed to determine if Heinz body formation was the principal mechanism of the red cell destruction or if MMH also had effects on the glycolytic pathways and/or red cell membranes which would contribute to the hemolytic mechanism Human red cells were exposed in vitro to three levels of MMH for two four or six hours Glucose utilization lactate production and ATP levels were measured to determine effects on glucose metabolism and osmotic fragili- ties, red cell potassium concentration and malonyldialdehyde levels were measured to assess membrane effects GRA N76-10718# California Univ. Irvine TOXIC HAZARDS RESEARCH UNIT ANNUAL TECHNICAL REPORT. 1974 Final Report, Jun 1973 - May 1974 J D MacEwen and E H Vernot Jul 1974 203 p refs (Contract F33615-73-C-4059 AF Proj 6302) (AD-A011559 AMRL-TR-74-78) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/20 Acute inhalation toxicity experiments were conducted on benzomtnle deuterium fluoride and fluomme Chronic toxicity studies were conducted with an aircraft fuel JP-4 and constituents of JP-9 Chronic studies of coal tar aerosols and hydrazme were also continued Oral and percutaneous toxicity determination and skin irritation and sensitization studies were conducted on a number of fuel additives and photographic chemicals GRA N76-10719# Undersea Medical Society Bethesda Md PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNDERSEA MEDICAL SOCIETY WORKSHOP (8TH) ON THE STRATEGY FOR FUTURE DIVING TO DEPTHS GREATER THAN 1.0OO FEET M J Halsey W Settle and E B Smith 15 Jun 1975 104 p refs Workshop held at Sea Ranch Calif 26-27 Feb 1975 (Contract N00014-74-C-0319) (AD-A011456 WS-6-15-75) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/19 The report presents discussions dealing with all aspects of the subject problem The following areas were stressed Physico-chemical approaches interaction of anaesthetics with proteins and bilayers pressure and anaesthetics performance during saturation dives hydrostatic pressure effects in liquid 15 N76-10720 breathing mice sustained dives with mice up to depths of 8000 feet application of the critical volume hypothesis to problems of deep diving high pressure nervous syndrome--clmical and electrophysiological studies in man, practical limits to the use of man under pressure and a strategy for future diving GRA N76-10720# School of Aerospace Medicine Brooks AFB, Tex OCULAR HYPERTENSION AND CHRONIC OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA IN USAF PILOTS AND NAVIGATORS Progress Report, 1958 - 1973 James L Mims III and Thomas J Tredici Dec 1974 18 p refs (AF Pro) 7755) (AD-A010588 SAM-TR-74-48) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/14 Records from the United States Air Force glaucoma screening and management program for flying personnel were surveyed to obtain long-term followup information and age-specific preval- ences for this population Untreated ocular hypertensives with tensions of 22-29 with no visual field loss were labeled preglaucoma ocular hypertensives without field loss and treated with epinephnne (for tensions above 29 or for other reasons) were labeled glaucoma Those requiring other drugs and those with field loss were disqualified from flying Questionnaires to ophthalmologists caring for retired men indicated that 1 of the 39 preglaucomas followed 8 years and 2 of the 27 glaucomas followed 7 years had lost visual field Among ocular hypertens- ives screened from 15804 men ages 40-54 in 1970 only 5 had visual field loss presumed glaucomatous GRA N76-10721*# McDonnell-Douglas Technical Services Co Inc Houston Tex ADVANCED CREW PROCEDURES DEVELOPMENT TECH- NIQUES PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE PROGRAM TRAINING PLAN J D Arbet and R L Benbow 17 Oct 1975 13 p (Contract NAS9-14354) (NASA-CR-144526 ACPDT-DN-13) Avail NTIS HC $3 25 CSCL 05! A plan developed to support the training of PPP users in the operations associated with PPP usage is described This document contains an overview of the contents of each training session and a detailed outline to be used as the guideline for each session Author N76-10722# Institute for Perception RVO-TNO Soesterberg (Netherlands) THE COMPROMISE BETWEEN VISUAL FIELD AND MAGNIFICATION FOR AN IMAGE INTESIFIER WITH VARIABLE MAGNIFICATION F L vanOs and R E vanLeeuwen 1975 12 p ref In DUTCH ENGLISH summary (Contract A74/KL/013) (IZF-1975-6 TDCK-66456) Avail NTIS HC S3 25 The optimal combination of magnification and visual field for an image mtensifier with a zoom lens was determined This was done with an indoor simulation of the realistic target search task of finding on a slide a jeep near the edge of a forest The search time appeared to tie the best yardstick to find an optimal magnification A tentative interpretation of the data was given Author (ESA) N76-10723# Aerospace Medical Research Labs Wright- Patterson AFB Ohio SEEKVAL PROJECT IA1 EFFECTS OF TARGET NUMBER AND CLUTTER ON STATIC TARGET ACQUISITION Final Report Robert L Hilgendorf and John Milenski Jul 1974 50 p refs (AF Proj 7184) (AD-A011546 AMRL-TR-74-14) Avail NTIS CSCL 05/10 The report covers an experiment to determine the effects of number of targets and background clutter on static, low altitude target detection performance by the unaided eye as would be experienced in a helicopter-type target acquisition environment The data consist mainly of whether or not single or groups of tank targets (1 3 or 9) Within controlled clutter configurations were detected and the corresponding times to detect them Statistical methods are employed to assess the effects of target and clutter factors on detection performance GRA N76-10724# Aerospace Medical Research Labs Wright- Patterson AFB, Ohio SEEKVAL PROJECT IA1 EFFECTS OF COLOR AND BRIGHTNESS CONTRAST ON TARGET ACQUISITION Final Report Robert L Hilgendorf and John Milenski Jul 1974 75 p refs (AF Proj 7184) (AD-A011547 AMRL-TR-74-55) Avail NTIS CSCL 05/10 The report covers an experiment to determine the effects of target color and brightness contrast on visual detection perform- ance by means of the unaided human eye The data consist mainly of elapsed times between search initiation and correct detection of tank targets at a simulated slant range of about 1 mile Statistical methods are employed to assess the effects of color with three levels of contrast factor on detection performance Under the experimental conditions effects due to color and brightness contrast were each statistically rated with the observation that interaction effects between these two factors were not statistically significant The effect of color tended to account for more variance than the effect of brightness contrast GRA N76-10725# School of Aerospace Medicine Brooks AFB Tex Aerospace Medical Div EVALUATION OF TWO LINK GAT 1 TRAINER TASKS BY EXPERIENCED PILOTS AT THREE ALCOHOL DOSE LEVELS Final Report. Mar 1973 - Jun 1974 Peter H Henry Thomas Q Davis Edward J Engelken Richard C McNee Harold N Keiser J H Tnebwasser and M C Lancaster Dec 1974 156 p refs (AF Proj 7930) (AD-A011607 SAM-TR-74-53) Avail NTIS CSCL 05/10 To calibrate the performance measuring scales for two separate tasks developed around the Link GAT-1 flight trainer the degrading effects of ethyl alcohol were studied in 12 USAF instructor pilots The subjects were tested at three alcohol dose levels ( 0 3 0 6 and 09 gm alcohol/kg body wt) which resulted in indirectly measured blood alcohol levels of approximately 30. 60 and 100 mg% respectively Statistically significant performance decrements were found for only the moderate and high alcohol dose levels The magnitudes of the decrements corresponded closely to those reported in previous experiments using the same test conditions but where the subjects had no previous flying experience GRA N76-10726# Arizona State Univ Tempe Dept of Educational Technology PRACTICE AND INCENTIVE EFFECTS ON LEARNER PERFORMANCE AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT COMPREHEN- SION TASK Final Report. Jun 1973 - Jul 1974 Barbara G Tenpas and Norman C Higgins Dec 1974 30 p refs (Contract F41609-71-C-0027 AF Proj 1123) (AD-A011616. AFHRL-TR-74-104) Avail NTIS CSCL 05/9 AFROTC cadets learned an aircraft instrument comprehension task by reading self-instructional materials No significant changes in posttest scores occurred when practice items were added to the materials or when simulator rides were offered as incentives However cadets who practiced the task and cadets who were offered the incentive performed faster on the posttest than those who only read the materials GRA N76-10727$ Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Dept of Physiology and Bioengineenng MODULATION OF EVOKED RESPONSES DURING BEHAV- IORAL MOTOR INHIBITION IN THE CAT Annual Summary Report. 1 Mar 1974 - 28 Fob 1975 Richard C Howe 21 Mar 1975 8 p (Grant DAMD17-74-G-9390) (AD-A011457 ASR-1) Avail NTIS CSCL 06/16 The purpose of this study was to ascertain those brain systems directly associated with inhibition of motor activity Chronic 16 N76-10733 cats with implanted electrodes were operantly conditioned for an absence of phasic motor activity Peripherally and centrally evoked responses are obtained from the implanted electrodes during movement non-movement and sleep periods All electrode sites are verified using histological techniques Standard computer signal averaging techniques are used in the data analysis Amplitude changes of evoked responses from various brain structures will be compared between movement non-movement and sleep stakes As the data collection phase is still in progress no results are presently available Interpretation of the results will be made according to the structural and functional organiza- tion of those brain areas showing significant alterations during the behavioral conditions of this study GRA N76-10728# Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and Evaluation) Washington D C EFFECTS OF COLORED LENSES ON VISUAL PERFORM- ANCE Final Report. 1 Feb 1973 - 30 Jan 1974 Robert S Hart Jul 1974 24 p refs (Contract F33615-73-C-4105 AF Pro) 7184) (AD-A011572 AMRL-TR-74-38) Avail NTIS CSCL17/8 This study compares operator target detection performance while wearing red. yellow and gray sunglass lenses and unaided viewing A research task was performed outdoors using survival orange targets located at ranges of 1600 feet to 4500 feet from the subjects No statistically significant performance differences were obtained although subjectively the operators preferred the yellow lenses over the gray sunglasses and unfiltered conditions GRA N76-10729# Aerospace Medical Research Labs Wright- Patterson AFB Ohio THE EFFECTS OF EXTENDED MISSIONS ON THE PER- FORMANCE OF AIRBORNE COMMAND AND CONTROL TEAMS Final Report Robert D ODonnell Ralph Bollmger and Bryce O Hartman Jul 1974 32 p (AF Pro) 7184) (AD-A011549 AMRL-TR-74-20) Avail NTIS CSCL 05/10 The report covers the effects of extended mission lengths on the performance of airborne command and control teams wherein complex cognitive components consisting primarily of information collection interpretation and communication consti- tute the bulk o1 the workload Trie survey centers on investiga- ting general categories of performance-related factors such as overall fatigue rather than specific task performances such as long-term memory sensory motor reaction time, or information processing GRA N76-10730# Illinois Umv Savoy Aviation Research Lab THE TRANSITION OF EXPERIENCED PILOTS TO A FREQUENCY-SEPARATED AIRCRAFT ATTITUDE DISPLAY A FLIGHT EXPERIMENT Final Report Dennis B Bennger Robert C Williges, and Stanley N Roscoe Jul 1974 25 p refs (Contract N00014-67-A-0305-0014 NR Proj 196-092) (AD-A001808 ARL-74-8/ONR-74-1) Avail NTIS CSCL 05/5 Twenty-four experienced pilots were given one flight in a Link GAT-2 simulator and one flight in a Beechcraft C-45H using either the moving horizon moving airplane or frequency- separated attitude display The flight tasks performed by the subjects included recovery from unknown attitudes disturbed attitude tracking and completion of an area navigation course Data collected in the C-45H aircraft demonstrated superior performance of both the frequency-separated and moving horizon displays when compared to the moving airplane display during unknown attitude recoveries The frequency-separated display was superior to all others during disturbed-attitude tracking It was concluded that the flight performance of experienced pilots during their initial transition to a frequency-separated flight attitude presentation is at least comparable and possibly superior to their flight performance with the conventional moving horizon presentation GRA N76-10731*# Honeywell Inc Minneapolis Minn CABIN ATMOSPHERE MONITORING SYSTEM (CAMS). PRE-PROTOTYPE MODEL DEVELOPMENT CONTINUATION Summary Report. Aug 1974 - Jun 1975 W W Bursack and W A Harris Jun 1975 32 p (Contract NAS8-30254) (NASA-CR-144005 Honeywel l-SR-F2 1 07-1) Avail NTIS HC $375 CSCL 06K The development of the Cabin Atmosphere Monitoring Systen (CAMS) is described Attention was directed toward improving stability and reliability of the design using flight application guidelines Considerable effort was devoted to the development of a temperature-stable RF/DC generator used for excitation of the quadrupole mass filter Minor design changes were made in the preprototype model Specific gas measurement examples are included along with a discussion of the measurement rationale employed Author N76-10732*# Aerotherm Acurex Corp Mountain View Calif EV SPACE SUIT GLOVES (PASSIVE) Final Report f Glenn Tickner E G Fletcher J D Dodson and William Elkms Sep 1975 145 p refs (Contract NAS9-14461 Aerotherm Proj 7 122) (NASA-CR-144527, Aerotherm-75-165) Avail NTIS HC $5 75 CSCL 06K A pair of pressure and thermal insulating ovetgloves to be used with an Extravehicular (EV) suit assembly wds designed developed fabricated and tested The design features extensive use of Nomex felt materials in lieu of the multiple layer insulation formerly used with the Apollo thermal glove The glove theoretically satisfies all of the thermal requirements The presence of the thermal glove does not degrade pressure glove tartility by more than the acceptable 10% value On the other hand the thermal glove gene jlly degrades pressure glove mobility by more than the acceptable 10% value primarily in the area of the fingers Life cycling tests were completed with minimal problems The thermal glove/pressure glove ensemble was also tested for comfort the test subjects found no problems with the thermal glove although they did report difficulties with pressure points on the pressure glove which were independent of the thermal glove YJA N76-10733*# Life Systems Inc Cleveland Ohio ELECTROCHEMICAL AIR R E VITA LIZATION SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION INVESTIGATION Final Report R R Woods F H Schubert and T M Hallick Oct 1975 93 p refs (Contract NAS9-14301) (NASA-CR-144521 LSI-ER-247-3) Avail NTIS HCS475 CSCL 06K A program to characterize a Breadboard of an Electrochemical Air Revitalization System (BEARS) was successfully completed The BEARS is composed of three components (1) a water vapor electrolysis module (WVEM) for 02 production and partial humidity control (2) an electrochemical depolarized carbon dioxide concentrator module (EDCM) for CO2 control and (3) a power-sharing controller designed to utilize the power produced by the EOCM to partially offset the WVEM powpr requirements It is concluded from the results of this work that the concept of electrochemical air revitahzation with power-sharing is a viable solution to the problem of providing a localized topping force for O2 generation C02 removal and partial humidity control aboard manned spacecraft Continued development of the EARS concept is recommended applying the operational experience and limits identified during the BEARS program to testing of a one-man capacity system and toward the development of advanced system controls to optimize EARS operation for given interfaces and requirements Successful completion of this development will produce timely technology necessary to plan future advanced environmental control and life support system programs and experiments Author 17 N76-10734 N76-10734*# McDonnell-Douglas Technical Services Co Inc Houston, Tex ADVANCED CREW PROCEDURES DEVELOPMENT TECH- NIQUES PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION J D Arbet and A A Mangiaracma 26 Sep 1975 110 p refs (Contract NAS9-14354) (NASA-CP-144517 ACPDT-DN-12) Avail NTIS HC $5 25 CSCL 05H The "rocedures and Performance Program (PPP) for operation in

Aerospace Medicine and Biology. A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 151

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