Heat pipes for spacecraft temperature control: An assessment of the state-of-the-art

Abstract

Various heat pipe temperature control techniques are critically evaluated using characteristic features and properties, including heat transport capability, volume and mass requirements, complexity and ease of fabrication, reliability, and control characteristics. Advantages and disadvantages of specific approaches are derived and discussed. Using four development levels, the state of-the-art of the various heat pipe temperature control techniques is assessed. The need for further research and development is discussed and suggested future efforts are projected