The author has identified the following significant results. A detailed land use classification for a large urban area of Tokyo was made using MSS digital data. It was found that residential, commercial, industrial, and wooded areas and grasslands can be successfully classified. A mesoscale vortex associated with large ocean current, Kuroshio, which is a rare phenomenon, was recognized visually through the analysis of MSS data. It was found that this vortex affects the effluent patterns of rivers. Lava flowing from Sakurajima Volcano was clearly classified for three major erruptions (1779, 1914, and 1946) using MSS data

Hayashi, S.

Horikawa, S.

Maruyasu, T.

Nakajima, I.

Nakano, T.

Ochiai, H.

Shoji, D.

Sugimori, Y.

Takeda, K.

Tsuchiya, K.

English

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Title of Investigation: 28990
Investigation of Environmental Change Pattern in JAPAN
Principal Investigator: Takakazu MARUY«SU
Science University of Tokyo
Noda City, Chiba ken, 278, JAPAN
October 29, 1976
Quarterly Progerss Report for period
July-Sept. 1976
(E77-10025)	 INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL 	 N77-11488
CHANGE PATTERN IN JAPAN Quarterly Progress
:deport, Jul. - Sep. 1976 (Science Univ. of
Tokyo (Japan).)	 18 p HC A02/CF A01 CSCL 04B 	 Unclas
G3/43 00025
Name and Address of
	 Science and Technology Agency
National Sponcering	 Kasumigaseki 2-2-1 Chiyodaku
Age-icy	 Tokyo, 100, JAPAN
Nay 7',
bNgSRs"OfIv,,
v INPUT BR ^
d	 ay 1,
RECEIVED BY
NASA STI FACILITY
DATE
RCAF NO. ©®© 4q©^
PROCESSED BY
Cj'NASA STI FACILITY
q ESA - SDS q AIAA
IDI&A pfiotography may be purchased tromc-
EHOS Data Center
10th and Dakota Avenue
Sioux Falls 50 511H
Principal Investigator: Takakazu M70j'YASU
Science University of Tokyo
Co-Investigator:	 Hiroaki OCNIAI
Toba Merchant Marine College
Yasuhiro SUGLMORI
Chief of Disaster Analysis Laboratory,
rational Research Center for Disaster Protection
Science and Technology Agency
Daitaro SFWI
Chief ofHydrographer,Hydrographic Department
Marine Safety Agency
Kaname TP=A
Leader of Research Group,National Institute
of Resources.
Kiyoshi TSUCHIYA
National Space Development Agency of JAPM
Iwao NAKP.JD1A
Section Chief of IL:.nagemment Technology, Forest
Experiment Station,Forest Agency
Takairasa N.n.KANO
Faculty of Scierce,Tckyo Metropolitan University
Shigechika HAYASHI
Chief of Soil Improvement Laboratory,Hokkaido
National Agricultural Experiment Station
Upland Farming Division,Forest Agency
Seij i HORIKANA:
Faculty of Engineerirg,University of Tokyo
Shunj i rZRAI
Insitute of Industrial Science,University of
Tokyo
Kantaro G%'ATANABE
Faculty of Marine Science and Technology,
Tokai University
Taisuke ZkTANPBE
Chief of No 2 Resources Section,Tokai Region
Fisheries Research Laboratory,Fishery Agency
0
0
•	 Title of Investigation : 28990
Investigation of Environmental Change Pattern in Japan
Principal Investigator : Takakazu Maruyasu
October 18, 1976
OF P.()()n -PAG.8
QUAL17j
SUMMARY
SUBJECT: Investigation of Environmental Change Pattern in Japan
OBJECTIVES: The applications and feasibilities of space sensing of the
environment and its change in Japan will be investigated with particular
focus on the following subjects;
1. Establishment of ecological indicators of environmental disruption
through observation of regional vegetation covers and growing conditions.
2. Application of space-acquired data for understanding environmental changes
in the costal and offshore zone.
Summary of the results
The study is still going on and the results as intended at the beginning has
not been obtained due to partly lack of data and partly due to delay of data.
The results so far obtained are summarized below.
Land use
A detailed land use classification fora large urban area of Tokyo was made
using MSS digital data. It was found that residental, commercial, industrial,
wooded area and grass land can be successfully classified.
Based on the basic researches on land use and vegetation cover classifi-
cation, an experiment of operational application of Landsat data in an environ-
mental survey was made for a large area of Kanto and Central JAPAN area.
In this experiment air-borne data of training area were also added.
The result indicates that a regional planning map can be made very effectively.
The systems for this operational application is also developed.
Coastal zone and offshore zone
A mesoscale vortex associated with Large Ocean Current Kuroshio which is a
rare phenpmenon was firstly recognized visually through the analysis of MSS data.
It was found this vortex affects enormously the effluent patterns of river.
A majority of investigators agree that this is a mesoscale oceanographical vortex,
however there are few investigators taking this vortex as an atmospheric phenomenon.
Based on the Watanabe's theory and technique the same author made eve-y
possible efforts to distinguish between oceanographical and atmospheric phenomena.
The areal influence and pattern of " Red Tide " popularly called due to its
color in Ise Bay located in Central Japan is found-Through the analysis of four
bands data of MSS it is found Band-4 can show partly red tide,however there
rem-ains a problem to distinguish it from other water pollution and smog.
An experiment was made to enhance and distinguish sea surface status through
photographic processes.
Geo ph ysics and related field
In an attempt to find the applicability of MSS data in the field of volcanology
and geology, MSS data covering Active Volcano Sakurajima were analyzed.
It was found that lava flowed out at the time of 3 major erruptions which took
place in 1779, 1914 and 1946 can be clearly classified.
ORIGINAL' PAGE
p -F POOR QuALITY
-1-
The observed values of MSS include the effe c ts of atmospheric scattering
and absorption. An attempt is made to numerically evaluate its effects through
numerical integration of radiative transfer equation. It is found that•the
radiance due to atmospheric effect popularly called as path radiance for
Bands 4,5,6 and 7 of MSS amounts as large as 47, 34, 24 and 20% of the measured
value (total radiance) respectively.
0
-2-
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LAND USE
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Fig.l. Theme Extraction Imagery of Ka;oto
Area
blue . Forest
Y--llow : Firm field
White	 Bare soil
red : Urban area, Polluted water
FIU.2. Color Composit Imagery of Westsi:de
Tokyo by LANDSAT-1 CCT, used for
the determin;:tion o} the classifi-
,cation and the training area.
Fig-3. Digital Pattern Recognition Output
of Fig-2 area.
Classification to 10 items.
ORIGINAL PAGE is
OF POOR QUALITy
w^.r^•.Y'^i ; 'K'^ •''y.^i.
	 it
ly./• ^ 4	 Ali ^j1.y^'
Fig.4. Color Compcsit Imagery of Middle
Part of Japar., at the end of September
tha rice field harvested already.
Fig.S. Land Use Map of Fig.4 area..
Green : Rice field
Yellen : Other crops
Black : Urban
Red : Under construction
Fig.6. Pattern Classification in
, Mountainous Forest.
Green : Ever green grass land
Brown : Artificial conifer
Yellow : Pine and other conifer
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Fi;.13. Recreation Area Zoning in 3 classes.
Calculated from the population data
and green capacity of each quadrate
unit, also ralativa distance.
^,  1g,^
Fig.20. Forest Conservation Planning Map.
Each quadrate unit was evaluated by
thea potential power for watershade,
erosion control, flood control and
.timber Productivity.
1
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Fg.7. Land Use Pattern Recognition
of North Suburb Tokyo.
Green Forest
Yellc:v	 Firm field
Red Urban
Blue water
RIFYtl9ii
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Fig.17. Forest Type Quadrate Map
_ of North Kanto.
'5 classes by the tree cover
densities. ( 2x2 km unit )
% tal area
	 7,460 km2.
fIMI1171ri^V
wiNwr: tr^ l►Ya:v
Fig.18. Timber Productivity Classification.
Produced by LANDSAT data and
census data.
^FP AD PAGE Zg
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C
D
I
Land Use around Central Tokyo
These 4 photos snow the results of land use analysis of Central Tokyo by using
the LANDSAT CCT on 14-DEC-72.
I
B
A: Central Tokyo
Red:Der,sely built up area
Pink:Residential area
Green:Park and woody field and forest
Light blue:Fresh water
Dark blue: Salty water
B1ack:Uncategorized area
B: Urban of Tokyo
Red:Built up area
Pink:Residential area
0,
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C: Urban of Tokyo
Green:Woody forest as imperial
palace
Yellowish grc;:n:Grass field as
golf links
D: Tokyo bay
Water area divided into sea area
and fresh water
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Table 1. Land use ratio in
_I.Q,	 I	 1	 4
REJCCTION LE*.,'EL
GRP a T E Ca 6 RY Ci e'	 TOTAL
EGCP I ZED
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GREEN 1366 7. 17 1527. 04
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"able 3. Categorization table (showing the precision of analysis)
ILand Use
LANDSAT MSS CCT
Land cover recognition
Air Photos
To?o`r.Dhic map
W
Custer Anal}.;is
Image processing
Vegetation =.ap
Lard use classification
ICensus data	 _opograhic data
Land Use Z:;-.. wing
Forestry, Agriculture, Urban.
1	 Natura l quality o`51oci.. p_^n data	 —^^ uatu^a_ 
ivegetation
W
Evaluation of Forestry zone
in each quadrata.
Forest Products, Watershcde, Elosion -:d
flood control recreatioa purpose.
Forest conservation pl4n.
Table 1.
	 L--"DSAT data application diagram for
Forest conservation plan.
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Figure's captions Ore found in page 10.
ARIG^oz PAGE
OF POOR QUALITY
—8—
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 .	 PACIFIC OCEAN
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A Vortex off Shionomisaki (1)
4
Photograph
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ORIGINAL
 PooR Q PUA ,&S
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-	 Figure's captions of "A vortex off Shionomisaki", coastal
	 zone and offshore zone.
Photograph :	 Elliptical	 Vortex off Shiono Misaki,	 Sep.	 11	 1975
Fig.l : Surface Current around the Place where vortex is found by GEK,
Aug.	 14 - Sep.	 3,	 1975
Fig.2 :	 Surface Current by GEK,
	 Sep.	 8'- 16,	 1975.
Fig.3 :	 Hypothetical	 Stream Line of Kuroshio
Fig.4 Transparency Distribution	 (m), Sep.	 11	 and 12, 1975
Fig.5 Water Color Distribution,
	 Sep.	 11	 and	 12,	 1975
Fig.6 Surface Salinity
	 (%	 ),	 Sep.	 11	 and 12,	 1975
Fig.7 Kuroshio and Associated Coastal Current,
	 Sep. 1975
Fig.8 The Relation Ship between the values or Band 4 and that of 5
Fig.9 Computer Output of Band 4 near mouth of Tenryu River
Fig.10 Computer Output of Band 4 near mouth of Kumano River
ORIG R QU G^I'Iy
OF. POOR
x
-10-
NOR4 H ERN	 SOUTHERN
PART OF	 PART OF
POR'	 PORT
YOKKAICHI
	 1 MCCYA
	
M May 197401
	 May 1965
	
Apr. 1974	 May 1972
A p., . 1974
Fi g.._
Identification of *shorelines and prcgress of reclamation (1)
Y
Fig.1
Figure's captions
are found in
page 13.
Alf
L
FIG-2
1	 WESTERN
PARr OF
PORT
NAGOYA
f	 11^^ I^'^.	 \
Fig.3
OF
ORIG31AL, PAGE LS is
PO OR QUA.Uir-
M May 1965
EBoct. 1968
Fr-"EIA— 107L
FIG. 3
_	 s
F	
M
3	 •'
-ntifi;,ation of shorelines and progress of reclamation (2)
Ir
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Fig.8
—12—
Figure's Captions
rig.l : Landsat-2 MSS Image Covering Ise Bay and Nagoya District.
Fig.2 : Reclaimed areas at Northern part of Yokkaich and Southern part of
Nagoya ports which are located to the western part of Ise Bay.
Fig.3 :.Reclaimed area in the western part of Nagoya port
Fig.4-7: Computer output of MSS-4, 5, 6 and 7 showing the coastal areas
of Ise Bay
Fig.8 : Computer output of MISS-4, 5, 6 and 7 showing Nagoya port
,
-13-
I1 •	_•
•	 Gar-"ysics and Related Fields
	
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Sakurajira Island image is extracted from LANDSAT-1.CCT on 2-DEC-72.
The area of the raked lava is divided from anot:,er area, where the vegetation has
b :en grown up already. Furthermore two types of the lava are classified. One flo:red
out In 1914 and another by the big erruption in 1:46. Thera are some area where the
two classified are mixed.
A: Green; Vegetation grown up area
Brown; Naked lava
B: !'lhite; Showa lzva ( year 1946 )
'-'ght brown; Taisho lava ( year 1914 }
OIZIG'NA-L 
PAGE ISUP .
 POOR QUALITy .
-14-	 .
A-d
Geophysics and Related Fields Atmospheric effects on rneasured values of MISS
i T = I, - IP
IP = IA + Ior.	 YD =F o^
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Fig. Geo-1 Schematic representation of the model.
used for the computation.
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Table Geo-1 I
P : Intrinsic radiance of the Surface
Ip : : Path Radiance	 IT : Total Radiance
Each value is obtained through numerical integration of Radiative
Transfer Equation.
ORIGINAV PAGE IS
OF POOR QUALITyi -15-


Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan

Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan

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