The author has identified the following significant results. Processing of LANDSAT MSS data for detection of prairie ponds and lakes was completed. Data coverage included a 36,876 sq km area in southeastern North Dakota during May and July. Cloud coverage limited the May coverage to 87% of the total area. Data analysis was accomplished using three software programs. Wetland identification by MSS sensors were compared to visual counts obtained by observers in low flying aircraft. Pond numbers identified by LANDSAT averaged about 20% of those counted visually. The discrepancy was attributed to the fact that approximately 75% of the ponds in the glaciated prairie region are less than 0.4 ha in size. It is significant, however, that LANDSAT counts accurately reflect trends

Gilmer, D. S.

Work, E. A., Jr.

English

The author has identified the following significant results. Thematic maps were produced for surface water in stratum 46. The presence of large amounts of surface water, particularly during the May period, is readily apparent in the photoreduced thematic maps. Sheet water comprises much of the water detected in the May scene. Spring sheet water tends to be ephemeral and occurs as a result of an ice seal which exists within the underlying soil, temporarily preventing the percolation of water. The abundance of water in the May scene is also a result of unusually heavy precipitation which occurred during the spring and the previous fall. A qualitative analysis of the July map indicates surface water is less abundant than during the previous May; however, surface water present in the July 1975 LANDSAT scene was unusually abundant compared to other midsummer LANDSAT scenes obtained since 1972. This condition was particularly apparent for the drift plain

NASA Technical Reports Server

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One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document 
 
 This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the 
organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as 
much information as possible. 
 
 This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was 
furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy 
available. 
 
 This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, 
which have been reproduced in black and white. 
 
 This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. 
 
 Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some 
of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original 
submission. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760026504 2020-03-22T13:27:36+00:00Z
t	 '
D 7
E76-/O5y^
APPLICATION O F U`VI)'7 AT c ` S1E1" F ('i; IITR.0'I`:CV METHODOLOGY FOR ^p I L/ pp^^
INVENTOU NJM CLASSI F CAfl()N OF WEiL"'NDS
	
]` ^ ] 6 0
Dr. David S. Gi leer
s	 U. S. Fish & ^:i'ldli 1e Service
Northern Prairie t!i ial i F^ R; search Center
Jat sto,:n, North U,ikoto. 58tIOI
IAa a av^i!3b!c un ,i .r NASA sponsorshio
in the ; ,'--rest of early and wide d;s-
mination of Earth Resources Survey
"'rogram information and without liability
,y use nude thereof."
8 October 10,76
Type II Progress Report for Period 1 July to 30 September 1976
Prepared for:
National Aeronautics and Soace Administration
'	 Goddard Space `light Center
Greenbelt, i•laryland 20771
(E76-105C3)	 ArPLICATIGN OF LANDSAT SYSTEM
=GF !MPPOVING METHCSCLCGY FOR !NVENTCFY ANi
CLFSSIFICFTICN OF WE T LANDS Progress Report,
1 Jul. - 20 Sep. 1976 (Northern Prairie
Wildlife Fesearch Center)
	 8 F HC $3.5C
N76-33592
Unclas
G3/43 00503 is
Publication authorized by the Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
X3000
idECFiE!VEU
0C -1
510, 1902.6
TECHNICAL iur pojur S'1• ANDAI + r''I'll• LE PAU
1.	 He poi t No.	
— 2.	 GGvei iiint i.t At c ossimn No. ~3.	 It,.: ip 	 nt's Cal:l	 l; T. ,.
--4.	 Titit- aad bubillie 5.	 Report Date
Application of LANDSAT syste ►n for improving inethodology 8 October 1976
for inventory and classification of wetlands. G.	 P(^rfo,• minl, ol• t;anir:ition Code
7.	 Author(s) 8.	 Performing orl;tnizaiion F(porl No.
David S.	 GlImer (IN 300) and Edgar A.	 Work, Jr.
9.	 Perfornjin* Organ i zation Na:nc and Address 10.	 Work Unit No.
U.	 S.	 Fish	 and Wildlife Service
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research	 Center
Jamestown, Nor th Dakota	 58401
l>S-No.tdl^#:bc1 or Grant
13.	 Type of Rcpurt and Period Covered
Type II Progress Rept.12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
Mr.	 Harold Oseroff,	 Code 902 1	 July - 30 September 1976
Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland	 20771 14	 Sponsoring Agency Code
15.	 Supplementary Notes
16.	 Abstract
Approximately 29 percent of the aircraft MSS data has not been received from NASA/JSC;
however,	 the data now on hand will 	 satisfy our work	 requirements	 through October.
Considerable effort has been devoted tot•Jard the processing of LANDSAT MSS data for
detection of surface water features present during the May and July 1975 periods.
This effort is approximately 75 percent completed. 	 Weather conditions	 resulted in
some loss in coverage (about 20 percent)	 during the May period but July coverage was
nearly 100 percent of our study area	 (USF&WS Survey Stratum 46).	 Based on a quali-
tative analysis of our thematic maps 	 (LANDSAT) abundant sheet water was present in
the Coteau and Drift Plain of North Dakota during May 1975. 	 Quantitative analysis 	 of
water conditions will be made as soon as statistical 	 tabulation have been 	 generated.
17.	 :.ey Words
	
18.	 Distribution Statement
19.	 Sec• uritg' Classil. (Of this relx	 t)	 l0.	 securily ('iasstl.	 (of this pale)	 21.	 :1 0. of P...;	 ti	 22.	 I'ric•c
.Unclassified	 5
rType II Progress Report
LANDSAT-2
4	
Title: Application of LANDSAT system for improving methodology for
inventory anJ classification of wetlands
LANDSAT Proposal No.: 23000
GSFC ID No. of P.I.: 300
A. Problems
A large portion of the requested aircraft MSS data was received during
I September. Approximately 29 percent of the requested data have not yet
been shipped from NASA/JSC. The data now on hand will satisfy our work
requirements through October.
B. Accon.pl i shments
A major effort conducted durin g this reporting period has been the
processing of LANDSAT MSS data received early in the reporting period.
Data representing flay and July 1975 scenes %:ere processed for the
detection of surface water features. Processing of these data is now
approximately three-quarters corpleted. The May data set consists of
LANDSAT observations made on 4, 5, and 12 flay 1975 (observation numbers
5015-16344, 5015-16350, 5016-16402, and 2110-16373). These observations
include approximately 80 percent of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's
(FWS) waterfowl breeding ground survey stratum number 46. Not all of
E	 the stratum was observed during Ilay due to cloud cover.
The July data set is comprised of LANDSAT observations made on 7, 14,
and 15 July 1975 (observation numbers 2266-16484, 5086-16252, 5087-16304,
and 5087-16310) and includes nearly 100 percent of the stratum. Our
data processing efforts are being conducted according to the procedures
shown in Figure 1. Operations listed in blocks 6 and 8 of this figure
have yet to be accomplished.
In carrying out the above processing efforts, the location in a data set
of certain geographic areas of interest has been facilitated using a
newly developed software program which permits an accurate solution of
the intersection of a polygonal test site with a rectangular LANDSAT
image. By use of a graphics display terminal, a direct visual pre-
sentation of the situation is given to the operator who can then enter
and store points of interest through the use of the screen cursor.
The program also permits the entry of points in either UTM or line/
point coordinate sy1tems. Conversion is accomplished on a point by
point basis permitting the mixing of input modes.
r
r
11. 16
ORIGINAL PAGE IS
OF POOR QUALITY
C. S__Jicnificant Results
One result of the processing described above has been thematic maps
Of surface water for a portion of FWS survey stratum 46. The presence
of large aw.ounts of surface water, particularly during the Nay period,
is readily apparent in the photoreduced thematic maps (Figs. 2 and 3).
Sheet %•rater comprises much of the water detected in the May scene (Fig.
2). Spring sheet water tends to be ephemeral and occurs as a result
of an ice seal which exists within the underlying soil, temporarily
preventing the percolation of water. The abundance of water in the
May scene is also a result of unusually heavy precipitation ,rhich
occurred during the spring and the previous fall. A qualitative
analysis of the July rn_,p (Fig. 3) indicates surface ti, ater is less
abundant than during the previous May; however, surface water present
in the July 1975 LANDSAT scene was unusually abundant compared to
other midsunurer LANDSAT scenes obtained since 1972. This condition
was particularly apparent for the drift plain. Extensive spring
flooding occurred in the Red River and Souris Valleys to the east
and north of our study sites due to heavy spring run off ire 1975.
Quantitative analyses of water conditions in our study area will be
possible once the statistical tabulations have been generated.
D. Publications
Gilmer, D. S., A. 'i. Klett, and E. A. Work. 1976. Monitoring
breeding habitat of migratory waterfot.:l, pages 321-325 in
R. S. Williams and W. D. Carter (eds.) ERTS-1 a new window
on our planet. Geological Survey Professional Paper 929.
USGPO, Washington, D. C. 362pp.
E. Recommendation s
None
F. Funds Exoended
Total Expenditures
	
Expenditures during
	
Cumulative
	
Allowed
	
this reporting period
	
Expenditures
	$130,233*
	
$13,100
	
$57,500
*Amount is exclusive of data purchase allowances.
G. Data Use
Value of
	
Value of
	
Value of
data a l l or•red*
	
dat a ord ered
	
dat a received
Imagery (#G23000)
	
$6300.00
	
0.0
	
$5471.00
-2
CCT (#G330000)	 $3600.00	 0.0	 $2000.00
Aircraft ( 4-'GW30000)	 $7920.00	 0.0	 $5967.00
*NASA/GSFC funded accounts at CROS Data enter, Sioux Falls, SD
H. A irc raft Data
Much of the required aircraft PISS data is nm-. on (rand. toe anti ci pate
processing these data during the forthcorring reportingperiod. ThF-
aircraft MSS represents a second tier of information to be utilized
in a double stage statistical sa!!:pling design.
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Application of LANDSAT system for improving methodology for inventory and classification of wetlands

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

General Disclaimer 
One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document 
 
 This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the 
organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as 
much information as possible. 
 
 This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was 
furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy 
available. 
 
 This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, 
which have been reproduced in black and white. 
 
 This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. 
 
 Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some 
of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original 
submission. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760014549 2020-03-22T15:05:14+00:00Z
^	 I
f
01
",Made Available u i 	 ` '	 ship E7. 6- 10.270
In the interest of
sem;;,ation of Fart 1 11	 ^,^ (	 (^	 (^
Fmg= information and
!^* sry use m-,de thereon"
APPLICATION OF LANDSAT SYSTEM FOR IMPROVI";G ME tiODOLOGY FOR
IVENTORY AND CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS
Dr. David S. Gilmer
U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Jamestown, North Dakota 50401
5 April 1976
Type II Progress Report for Period 1 January to 31 March 1976
Prepared for:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
(E7E-10270)	 nPFLICATION OF LANDSAT SYSTEM
	 N76-21637
FOR IMPROVING MFTHCEOIOGY FOR INVENTOFY AND
CLASSIFTCATION OF WETIANDS Progress Feport,
	
Jan. - 31 Mar. 1976 (Northern Prairie
	 Unclas
dildlife p esearch renter)
	
8 F HC $3.50
	 63/43 00270
Publication authorized by the Director, U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
04 ^ tJ i^ v
i:?ECEIVED
APR 09 1911"1
SIS 1902.6
10. Security Classtf. (of this ielxwrt) 1 29. Lrcuray Cla;;sit. d This page)
Unclassified
	
Not applicable
"1. No. u1 1'al;cs
b
TECIINiCAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE
I. heport No.	
—^ 2. Gover::uvtnt Accession Nu.	 3. Recipient's Catalog No.	 —
4. Title and 5uttitle
	
5. N.iy1ort Uite
5 April 1976
Application of LANDSAT system for improving 	 G. Ptrforming Organization Cude
methodology for inventory and classification of
wetlands.
7. Author(s)
	
. Performing Organization iteport tiu.
David S. Gilmer (IN 300) and Edgar A. Work, Jr.	 ^,^
9. Pcrform:r., Organ:.> ttiou Nalliv arU Address
	 10. f=ork Unit No.
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Jamestown, North Dakota 58401 	 11. Contract or Gra.. \u.S-54049A
13. Typc of Report and Periud Covered
12. Sponsoring A (:ucy Narie and Address	 Type II Progress Rept.
Mr. Harold Oseroff, Code 902
	
1 January-31 March 1976
Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Mlarylanu 20771	
nsurtr,g Agency
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Absti act
A review of MSS screening imaaery collected by NASA aircraft revealed navigational
errors in siting certain transects for both the May and July 1975 flights. These
errors will reduce the usefulness of portions of the aircraft MSS data. Most aerial
photography has been received from the EROS Data Center. Aircraft MSS data have
been placed on order. LANDSAT CCT's orders will be placed during the next reporting
period. Preparation of computer programs for generating pond and lake statistics
from both aircraft and satellite data is nearly completed.
PWR 
17 1: ^ y Words	 18. l)iSti'ihe:tun Stat(iat:nt
1
Type II Progress Report
LANDSAT-2
(Cover Sheet)
(Technical Report Standard Title Page)
Title: Application of LANDSAT system for improving methodology for
inventory and classification of wetlands.
LANDSAT Proposal No.: 23000
GSFC ID No. of P.I.: 300
A. Problems
An exierrsive review of MSS screening imagery collected by NASA
supporting aircraft revealed that navigational errors had occurrer'
in the siting of certa i n flight lines. The nominal locations of
all flight lines had been elected to coincide with existing Fish
and Wildlife Service (FI-IS) sample;; transects and to satisfy the
requirements of an experimental statistica l design. Of great
importance to this design was a requirement that the two sets of
aircraft observations (1.1ay and July 1975) should geograpnically
coincide. The flight line siting errors will negate the usefulness
of a portion of the aircraft data and will necessitate a revision
of the experimental design which may affect the accuracy of second
stage estimates of pond and lake numbers. A tabulation of aircraft
data coveraoe is included under section H of this report.
B. Accomplishments
The bulk of the aircraft photographic data was ordered and received
from the EROS Data Center during this reporting period.
Aircraft MSS data needs have been determined and the appropriate
data ordered from NASA/JSC. Delivery of these data is expected
during the next reporting period.
All standing-D rder LANDSAT imaqery for the period April through
October 1975 has been received. This imagery w-ll be reviewed and
an order for LANDSAT CCT's will be placed somet.me in the near future.
A major effort undertaken during this reporting period has been
the modification and rewriting of computer programs ^-^hich will be
utilized for generating pond and lake statistics. Similar programs
will be applied to both aircraft and satellite data. This task
which is nearly complete was undertaken to increase operating
efficiency and economy. We now expect the processing scenario for
the generation of pond and lake stat i stics to occur as indicated in
Figure 1.
I	 1.
C. Significant Results
None
D. Publications
None
E. Recommendations
None
F. Funds Expended
Basic cost of this investigation exclusive of data purchase allowances
is $130,233.
Total Expenditures
	
Expenditures during	 Cumulative
Allowed
	
this reporting period	 Expenditures
$130,233
	
$18,400	 $18,400
G. Data Use
Value of Value of Value of
data allowed* data ordered data received
'.nagery	 (rG23000) $6800.00 $5372.00 $5372.00
CCT (rGB30000) $3600.00 0.0 0.0
Aircraft (#GW30000) $7920.00 $5967.00 $5967.00
*NASA/GSFC funded accounts at EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD
H. Aircraft Data
A summary of supporting aircraft flight line siting relative to the
requested transect positions is shown in Table 1. These data are
based upon an examination of visicorder screening imagery. Some
difficulty was experienced during the course of this examination
because of poor definition (contrast) and the mirror image reversal
in the screening imagery and because scanner flight logs were not
provided. Tables 2 and 3 list the sequences of aircraft MSS data
which have been requested from NASA/JSC.
ITABLE 1
SUMMi%RY OF SIrn pORTING AIRCRAFT FLIGHT LINE SITING
Flight Line Occurrence Relative
	
o True
Transect Location (May 1975)
Flight Line Occurrence Relative to True
Transect Location (July 1975)
,Transect
Number Cross ;rack Along Track Cross Track Along Track
Displacement* Deletions Displacement* Deletions
2 0.5 Mile North
3 1.6	 file South
4 0.3 Mile South
5 0.3 Mile South 0.2 Mile South
6 0.12 Mile West End
7
8
9
10 0.3 rule North 0.5 Mile East End 0.3 Mile North
11 0.2 bile South 0.4 Mile North
12 3.0 Mile East End
13
15 0.3 Mile South 0.2 Mile North
16
17 0.2 Mile North 0.2 Mile North
lb 0.3 Mile South 0.3 Mile South
19 0.3 *file South 0.3 Mile South
20 0.4 Mile North
21
22
*No notation is made for flight lines occurring within 0.2 mile (north or
south) of true transect position over entire length of transect.
Transect positions were identical for the May and July observations.
There were no transacts numbered 2 and 14.
3
TABLE 2
REQUESTED SINGLE WAVEBAND SUPPORTING AIRCRArT MSS DATA
CCT's in Universal format and 5—inch imagery for M 2 S channel 10 only
were requested from NASA/JSC for the -f ollowing data sequences for Missions
305 and 316:
LINE NO. TAPE NO. DAY START TIME STOP TIME
2 5G-00024 135 14:40:20 14:42:04
3 It 14:29:02
4 " 15:05:00 15:06:42
5 15:32:58 15:34:45
6 of 91 15:31:50
7
it if 15:25:33 15:27:35
r	 8
of 15:52:08 15:56:54
9 if 15:41:46 15:43:30
10 11 16:03:33 16:05:25
11 it 16:16:35 16:18:20
12 It 16:25:45 16:27:44
13 11 it 16:33:20 16:35:10
15 If if 16:43:43 16:45:25
16 if it 16:39:12 16:41:00
17 of 17:06:56
r	 22 of 14:44:46 14:46:29
2 5G-00052 199 16:56:25 16:58:10
3 If 16:44:05 16:45:55
4 of 17:21:8 17:23:22
5 if 17:49:1.5 17:51:00
6 to 17:46:24 17:48:10
7 It if 17:41:48 17:43:50
8 5G-00053 200 16:50:1.4 16:54:52
9 it it 16:40:42 16:42:28
10 it ft 17:01:54 17:03:46
11 It 17:11:25 17:13:10
12 it 17:36:47 17:38:05
13 to 17:31:00 17:32:50
15 18:04:03 18:05:50
16 18:08:33 18:10:20
17 it 17:55:50 17:57:36
22 11 18:31:16 18:33:00
1r	 +
TABLE 3
REQUESTED MULTIPLE WAVEBAND SUPPORTING ATRCTAFT MSS DATA
CCT's in Universal format for all M`S channels and 5-inch ima gery for
M2 S channels 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, and 11 were requested from NASA/JSC for
the following data sequences for Missions 305 and 316:
LINE NO. TAPE NO. DAY START T1 V: STOP TIME.
17 5G-00024 135 17:05:09 17:08:24
18 1 if 16:59:11 17:02:16
19 " 15:11:50 15:17:14
20 15:00:42 15:02:13
21 14:56:08 14:58:05
22 14:44:46 14:49:29
17 5G-00053 200 17:54:20 17:57:36
18 of 11 17:44:45 17:47:54
19 5G-00052 199 17:28:20 17:33:42
20 " 17:16:56 17:18:50
21 17:11:51 17:13:48
22 5G-00053 200 18:28:18 18:33:00
A direct copy of the M 2 S high-density-digital-tape (HDDT) as recorded
in the aircraft (all channels) was requested for the following data
tape:
TAPE NO.
	 DAY
5G-00052	 199 (Mission 316)
5
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Application of LANDSAT system for improving methodology for inventory and classification of wetlands

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