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Abdel-Hady, M. A.

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	 FIRST QUA T2TERLY PROGRESS REPORT 	 6
NASA-"2793C" v _ GEOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
W^ ? ^^	 INVESTIGATIONS IN EGYPT USING LANDSAT IMAGES
Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Abdel-Hady
Director, Remote Sensing Project
Academy of Scientific Research
and Technology, Cairo-Egypt.
1.Nubian Sandstone Basin Survey:
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A large area of the Western Desert of Egypt, as designated on
the enclosed map, has been, or is now being mapped using ERTS-1
satellite images. In doing that, the Nubian Sandstone aquifer
which covers a large area of this Western Desert region is
delineated. All these studies ar;: supported by a thorough field
verification, and in some areas by detailed field hydrological
studies.
For areas (1), (2) and (3) reports were already published.
Areas designated (4) and (5) are now being investigated and
reports will be published within the next nine months.
However, because of the significance of this study to other
countries in the North African and West Asian regions, a pro-
posal for a transnational project has been developed for the
management of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in North Africa,
also for the Arabian Peninsula Aquifer. The Remote Sensing
Project in Egypt, as a liaison for the Egyptian Government
and through an agreement with 13 other countries in these two
regions, has formalized an agreement with the United Nations
Environment Program to prepare a feasibility study entitled:
"Feasibility Study of a Proposed Transnational Project,
Management of the Sandstone Aquifer in North Africa and
The Arabian Peninsula".
This study,which will be prepared by the Remote Sensing Project
in Egypt, will form a part of the Plan of Action to Combat De-
sertification to be presented by the Secretary General of the
U.N. Conference on Desertification for consideration and adoption.
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srin;nai:on ci Eotn Resources Survey *	_ 2
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The countries involved in this study from Africa are:
Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan
The countries involved in Asia are:
Bahrain, Democractic Yemen Republic, Kuwait, hascat,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen
Arab Republic.
It will be one of the main objectives of this feasibility
study to define the aquifers, their geological characte-
ristics and hydrological parameters, as well as their
boundaries. Both the Nubian sandstone Aquifer and the
Aquifer of the Arabian Peninsula are encountered in 12 coun-
tries which cover a huge area of more than 9 million km2.
A major part of this feasibility study will be directed to-
ward the applications of LANDSAT satellite images for the
mapping of these major aquifers in North Africa and the
Arabian Peninsula.
This feasibility study will compliment the existing mapping
efforts conducted by the Remote Sensing Project for the Nu-
bian Sandstone aquifer in Egypt and Sudan. It will also pro-
	
f
,
vide a good background for further extension of this work, to
use LANDSAT images for the mapping of the other areas of the
Sandstone Aquifer in the other countries of North Africa and
E	 the Arabian Peninsula aquifers.
Please refer to enclosed documents entitled:
- Feasibility Study of a Proposed Transnational Project Mana-
gement of the Sandstone Aquifer in North Africa and the
Arabian Peninsula Aquifer.
Note by the Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on
Desertification.
-- Provisional Agenda	 .
First Meeting of the Panel on Management of the Sandstone
Aquifer in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula Aquifer.
f 2. .Tones gl_ ei Canal Project:
1 During the past several months, the following steps were
taken to implement this study:
a) LANDSAT images were compiled at various seasons for this
area, and for the Equatorial lakes area.	 The region has
been divided into priority areas , with the first priority
area, as designated on the enclosed map, has been select-
} ed by mutual agreement between the Governments of Egypt
and Sudan.
b)A detailed Study Plan was developed for the work to be con-
ducted in this first priority area (copy enclosed). Plan of
action has been approved by the Government of Egypt and is
now being reviewed by the Government of Sudan for final
approval to start the implementation of the study.	 Funds
t for conducting the investigation and for supporting field
work	 will be provided by the Joint 	 'Technical Commission
on the Nile Waters. 	 A final action has been promised by
the commission before the end of May 1976.
c) In the meanwhile, the Principal Investigator Dr. Abdel-Hady
and some other members of,the Remote Sensing Project staff-
have made a field visit to the area in Sudan, also to dis-
cuss with various Sudanese Government Agencies steps for
the implementation of the project. 	 Background documents
r
and publications on this region have been collected and
are now being reviewed.	 Because of the large number of vo.
lames and reports on the hydrology of the Upper Nile Basin
published by the Ministry of Irrigation of Egypt, a special
effort is now being made to digest all 	 this material in
}}
f
1
I
- 4 -
3
preparation for the implementation of this project.
(Please refer to enclosed document entitled: Proposal.
Planning for Conservation of Bahr El Jebel (Upper Nile)
Flood Waters in Sudan and Egypt Using Remote Sensing).
3. Structural Lineation Map of Egypt:
In mapping the areas as designated on the enclosed map,
a structural lineation map is compiled for each area.
After all the areas are finished, a general structural
map for all of Egypt will be constructed. The results
will be also analized for their significance and rela-
tionship to the Mediterranean and Red Sea tectonics. Also
their practical implications will be emphasized.
Already, and as a result of the structural mapping conduct-
ed by the Remote Sensing Project for Sinai Peninsula, the
Suez Canal Zone and the northern section of the Red Sea
Area, using LANDSAT images, a new theory concerning the
history and formation of the Nile Delta has been advanced.
This new theory considers the Delta basin as an extension
of the Red Sea Rift, modified by the Mediterranean tectonics.
This theory is now being verified and is expected to have
very significant practical and economic implications, es-
pecially for the exploration for natural gas and petrolewn
in the Nile Delta and the extreme north of the Sinai Penin-
sula.
A separate report, with a press release is now being pre-
pared concerning this new theory, supported by interpreted
LANDSAT images, aircraft remote sensing data and other field
verifications.
W#
- 5 -
3
t4. Beach Erosion Studies Alone the Northern Shores of Egypt
Field studies and groundtruth data to support satellite image
interpretations for this study was originally intended to be
provided by the United Nations Development Program, as a part
of a general UNDP study in this area. However, because of so-
me severe limitations and cu,-backs on this project funding
situation, starting has been delayed on this phase. It is
still being considered, but will be delayed until funding sup-
port for field work becomes available.
C. I.
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4141.
 
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Regional Prospecting for Iron Ores
in Bahariya Oasis-El Faiyum area, Egypt,
Using La.ndsat Satellite Images
(Part 1)
By
Professor Dr. E.M. EI Shazly
Professor Dr. M.A. AlAel Hady
Dr. M.A. El Ghawaby
Dr. S.M. Khawasik
{
a	 r
Investigatiom Conducted By:
Remote Serving Research Project
Aeademy of Scientific Research and Technology
Cairo, Egypt
29 February 1976
1
t
ABSTRACT
a
Based on deep theoretical and practical considerations of iron
deposition in the northern and central Western Desert of Egypt,
an area exceeding 100,000 km 2 is chosen for regional iron ore
'	 prospecting. This area has been called Bahariya Oasis - E1- -
j
F^'aiyum area and it extends from the west of Aahariya and Faraf
1
1
' ra oases eastwards to the Nile Valley. The mast modern techni-
ques of regional prospecting of iron deposition have been appli-
ed under the prevailing conditions in this area, especially the
interpretation of LANDSAT satellite images and quantitative st-
ructural analysis.
New discoveries of iron occurrences have been registered as a
result of the present prospecting work, and the conditions of
the already known iron ore deposits and occurrences are reyio-
nally connected and verified. Several localities are recommen-
ded for more detailed prospecting and exploration for iron ore
deposits, which are arranged arrordinq to their priorities.
^f i^
f ^^
i -
s:}
Geologic Interpretation of Landsat Satellite Images
for West Nilc Delta Area, Egypt
}
Profemor Dr. E.M. El Shealy
Deput y Vi-rector of .He Atarnie l nergy Establishment.
and Director of the Geological Grout of the Remete Sens.
ing Research Project, Cat: o, Egypt.
Profemsor Dr, M.A. Abdel-ilady
Projeswr of Civil Engineering, Oklahoma State University,
U.S.A., and Director of the Remote Sensing Research
Project, Cairo, Egypt.
Dr. M.A. El Ghawaby	 Dr, I.A. El Kaman
Geologist S.M. Khawasik
Gealogists, (ieoldgy anti Raw Ataterials Department,
Atomic Energy Fctahlishment, and Researchers in the
Remote Sensing Research Project, Cairo, Egypt.
i
I
j
Dr M.M. El Shszly
Assistant Research Professor, Desert Institute, Cairo, Egypt
Dr. S. Sanad
Researcher, Desert lnmirure, Cairo, Fgypt.
Published by
The Remote Seming Research Pro ji et,
Academy of Selentific Research & Technology,
IN Kasr El Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
June, 1975
1
S
ahttact7hi, st ►td) is based mainly on flu! interpretation of LANDSAT-t
satellite images for an area consering about 85,000 Ant = including tht,
ff v r st n f the • ,'File • Delta and the adjacent north Western Desert of Egypt.
o t this study, nett geological, structural lineation and drainage
rnap.s have brrn eonstrueted on scalds of t : 5oo,000 and t : t,000,000.
Furthermore, the grourndu+ater hydrogeological clairaeteristics and
potentials of the same area 1mve been compiled arul evalmoted ire the
light of the near in vestigation to help proposed reclamation projects to
be carried out there.
7 he investigated area is covered by extensive exposures of sedi-
mentar)• rocks ranging from Late Cretaceous to llolexene, in addition
to foreland basic nmlcanics of late Oligccene-F.arly Aliwene age. It has
been possible to construct on the LANDSAT images thirt" four genlo-
gind and environmental units in the investigated area. Of especial
i; ►iportenre from the scientific and applied points of view. is the clas-
sifiration and mapping e,f the Aliocene into nine units; the Pliordwe
into four units and the Quaternary into sixteen units. This ►cork helps
to decipher the geological history of northern Fgvpt, the Alediter-
rnrncan Sea and the Nile Delta. A: the same time tlu ,se units represent
treat contrasts in physical and chemical chararte risties in f luenring the
e ui6 ► Ibi/ih-of .mils for land reclamation, and the movement and qualih
s
i
ORIGINAL PAGE Ri
OF POOR QUALUX
i
i	
Z	 El Shagly, NGdel Hooy, El Ghowaby, EI Kassas, Khowosek, EI Shazly and Sono)
i	
ej 1,ruumlttrNer and draitatge tc-utrr ore the seerfure uml in the • subm,
face'. It is emphasized that addtttonal urtgrtNon waters should not be
-i	 int,e.ducrd in the urc'u of incrsNgaliurt utrtil detailed geological att•I
lo-drugi dogi(al Stodics have twe • n tttrrie yl exit.
A program of field verification fcx • infwrnaliun i,tte •rprewd Imm
1..'MJSA7' images tuts tweet corrclurted, caul cle •rrtictel tnimvabugicat
urmly.+is has been pevforated wt samples cullectecd frurtt some • geolu-
gic units &,%1ingui4wt1 wt the images. e •spe•ciall) • wt tit( , a e' tc rn Im,ri
phr,ies of the Nil • A-11a.
The pit-sett study has given the major structural 1111wlions, r.+-
/nriu/I1' folds, faults and pronounced long fracturv,:. which cuntrihute•d
to the development of major jmtures in the area im-puling the Nil,
Delta, Wadi El Natrun, roil Slim Oases and cumlxtral,le d,l,re.+ iorr.
the morphology of the• ,1ledilerrunean coast, ... etc. Cmd'jul e trtroO,w
lturt of t/tr satellite images delirevued the maim ehaimrge tides '11141
their characteristic.+ in s% url all area i nhere the t(k/x)g,aplric (on0u.4
poor,
The crew Harps pr,praed from 1.ANU.SAT sale llite iuc+tge.+ an•
e::ore detailed and muc h more elakrate as compared to prrr •ioers map;
prclIowd by the traditional methods.
^	 k
Geology of Sinai Peninsula
from ERTS-1 Satellite Images
E.M. El Shaziy	 M.A. Abde! Hady
Deputy Director of Atonic Energy Establish-	 Prof. of Civil Fitgineering, OAlahonut State
meat, and Director of the Geological Group of	 (hrircr.+ity, USA, and Director of the K-mote
the Remote Sensing Research Project, Cairo, 	 Stwini; Research Project, Cairo, Egypt.
Egypt,
M.A. KI Ghaw•aby, I.A. El Kussas
':eologist, Geology etnd Rills' Milterial.s Dept.,
Atomic Energy Istahii+!anent, and Researchers
in the Remote Sensirtc Re vearch Project, Cairo,
L;ei•pt.
M.M. El Shazly
Assistant Research Professor, De vert Institute,
Cairo, h4ypt.
Pub:ish.cd by
The Remote Seiming Research Project,
Academy of Scientific Researelt and
Tedinology, 1411, Kas;r El Auti Street,
Cairo, Egypt.
ORIGINAL; PAGE M
,IFS Pl()K QUALITY
t
t
ty
i	 ,
R•r
itbstract
77t, conxtr;tctio ►t of pct, ticuloyi( •ul, Arur!u,ttl litrtu i ton tort!
diumayt ►,laps from the F'RT9-1 stilt flit, ima q , N h , f.N l,t t it
,,rtritd wit for Sinai P(' ►tirisidu nit I SoM p(v (Ii l / / ol,lltNni
,cuit tt. hir•tlifrmorc, huo inicrprt tation mtips hur, 1, , n
prf pared on the seinc scule fur thf pt troll lion, mint rul tin l
rt,(rstruction material potrittial as tut 11 us thf tit oil it , /itwt r
po l o mill of the Pcninsula. Thi st maps pro port,!	 R( in "t,
tr;iti(1 Rcs(arch Pruject arc murt •
 ( lal,orah , Ito4 t im an 1
-slwivinfl i/t •talcr (it tai!s tt4 compll • t tl to tht pr( riou•c mtrl'.•
madf un comparable .,cuffs tlt( lhf c htxs.cal h chimilt s.
Thf pi, :•( tit work has t;irf ,t	 tit, t i t (,lt)t/ (tat ,tilt/, ; Ill,
pdol 's, fti ,!t:r and li p , uni( ►lis ; and tilt llrwila "',	 ptltt, rlt „i
"bmi Pt ni ►;suh(.
	 Tht so flindativ ntuls tirr is ) .r, tl I„ lur,t
^sr,r/, upprt ciution of tht ,cttl(ru . 'oilro S u,t • / , llel,nitrn„1!
of th( Pt Jnmda c• nd the tit p it r'al	 dioratioa of pi t.i, Os tj (!.;
41,	 lopm, tit ill ril '.tills i t( ids of	 ,tt.,truntlolt, , nftilt . t rlri (,
rho/rum, minf r(os. u(tricidlu t , + tc.	 '
4
Geological and Groundwater Potential
Studics of El Ismailiya Master Plait Studv Rrca
►
K.M. Ira ,hasty
Ucpup Director of the Atomic Fsagy Establish-
nu nt, midi Direc tor of the Geological Group of the
Rem-^:. sensing Research Project, Cairo, ligypt.
M.A. AWO Nady
Profe.ssar of Civil Engineeriow. Oklahoma State
Unitersity, U.S.A., and Director if' the N.S.F.
Remote Sensing Ri-Nearc'h Project, Cairo. Egvt.
M.M. E1 Shazly
Assistant Resear , it Prot., POt•rt Inthluh
Cairo, l ,erpt
M.A. El Ghawaby tukd I.A. E1 Kahs"
Geohrgr anti RaN, Materials Dept., Atontic Elferri
:atablishment, and Resea rchers in the Remote
Sensing Research Projc, • t. ('aim. Lgspt
A.R.I. Saln ►an and 11 . A. Momi
Ge4;Gu'ist, Gcologv and Rats .\l,ctrrtals i;ept., Atornu
biergv l.staGluhrnrnt,( two,
Publis)u d by
ite lu-nwto seming Itcse4treh Project,
Academy 44 tic-k•ullfic lte^earch and
Technology, 1111, Karr to-Aini "Artwt,
Cairo,
Apro, 1975.
1	 ^
J
:1 1) S t I. al 1't
iNew p4ogical, structural and drainagc rnaps have bccrt mad"
and tudied from ERTS-1 satellite images for El Ismailiva
'II(Wer Ilan Stttdy area. The grounduxrter, hYdrogcologicul
characteristics and powntiab of the sarne a rea have been
corrtpihvl and owtuated to ser ge, the purpose of the reclama
liort pi-I'trts to be carried out.


Geological and environmental resources investigations in Egypt using LANDSAT images

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