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Gausman, H. W.

Leamer, R. W.

Namken, L. N.

Nixon, P. R.

Richardson, A. J.

Wiegand, C. L.

English

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Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780013566 2020-03-22T04:05:29+00:00Z
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C:rz	 tJizq.in^	 ^'riacinal Investigatoriv,	 i..	 ,
Co-inv:-stil ators.	 P.>>21 F. Nixon
Harol •i W. Gau iman
L. Beal Namken
p7JJ :t. Lea-+Pr
Arthur J . Piciiar8_ on
S,.ieac- anj Edu^ation adrrinistrat-on
U.S. Dt--oart!nz:rt of ARric;iltur?
P. 0. Box 267
aez, a— oo, T`: 7351
(r78-1^,101)
	 PI.AVT COVE?, SnIt TEMPFFATTIRE, 	 478-21909
FREEZE, WATER STRESS, AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
Quarterly Proqress Report, 1 C?c. 1 077 - 1
Ilar. 19 7 8 (Agricultural Research Service)	 'Inclas
7 o HC A02/"1F A01	 CSCL 08F 03/43 00101
Anr. l 1973
T I- : ' fl OuartA^1y Prn7rens Repo-t
for Period T)ecemaer 1, 1977 to M.3rch 1, 117R
J4c M _ 00 :2,
Prep-i-e3 for	 RECrIVZJ
r,,Parbelt , Il rJ 20771
	
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PLAIT COV^-R, SOIL TEMPER kTU:L, Fi?EE 	 - AT P	 Aa ^i1 1:73
STRESS NIO EVA POTLRA^!S?IR.A.TION CO`it) TIONS	 6. P.r4^a+.i Or.;saia^•io^ CCodr
7. A-t'p.r(s)	 —_	 -----^ 9. Yrr^r.-^in7 Or^ewi zoriow ^ •jet! ►i a.
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F
at^ on PJJd in istration
U.S . D?part-nt Of Agriculture	 1 i. Contn_ ► or Gron1 Nv.
P. U. Box 267	 - -	 --,
51eS13CO 3 TX 79596	 T3. Tye+of
 F__'.
	 Pcr,^d Co.-r-d'
'Ha.••. o..1 AJJ"ss	 --tz. s^...,..t,.^ Ar*er	 TYPE II i:PORT
GOODARD SPACE FLIG`iT C:;NTER	 12/1%77 to 3/1/73
Beltsville, MD 20705	 (+s- s?....a.i r3 a,«^^ co i+
15. so.t3.—...-Wj Net."
16. A'6, ►,^ ►
Scale rectification and registration procedures have been daviloned
using YOAA-5 `T(F,R thermal data. A cono--ter. pro ;rim for preparing
surface temaerature profiles from satellite data has been evolved.
Arrangements have been made with the Soil Con3ervation Service to
revise and consolidate to one-man-scale the soils information for the
HUM test site which comprises the four soutano3t Texas counties. Data
handling m-:thods are being develo ped for exanination of the relation-
shios between air temoaratures and surface temneratures. Tentative
selections have been madi of 32 agricultural fields and rangeland
locations for HCM:1 vegetative stress studies. Twenty homonreneous areas
of approximately 30 km 2 each are being investigated for svno ?tic appli-
cations of HC IR4. Daytime and nightime thermal aircraft data clearly
show physical features such as ponds, lakes, rivers, irrigation canals,
and drainage ditches. Variations of surfaci temperature within fields
due to cro p water stress, cotton root rot, high water table, and othsr
causes are apparent.
17. K.y lf,"4 (S, lect.J b7 A.r;...(s))	 12. Distri5et•t» Sror-..... ►
Heat Capacity IJapping Mission, HC?IM
Soil Temperature, Freeze, Water
Stress, Plant Cover, Canopy Temp.,
Thermal Scanner, Crop Stress,
EVaDOtranspi.ration.
19. Srcwirr Clss s3l. (e{ bras r.r+A)	 20. Seewi ►7 C101.i1. (4 rb;s P•sq.)	 21. No. of Pag.s	 22. Price'
WCLASSIFIED	 UNCLP1333I FIE
• For s^lc by t%r Ciruringhwx fw Fed-ral Scientific and 'I'cchn:c..l 1 Tvr +ui .n, ^{•r:r.^freLl, ^1r^,ini^ 22111.
3
n
TYP:: II OUARTE'LY P.2OC, nESS ^F.PO?T
D.crnbar 1, 1077 - :'!arch 1, 1973
A. Proalens:
None.
B. AccomDlishnents:
1. Data Handlinq Procedures Con-)Intel
a. Scale-rectification and registration of satellite eita to a
base man.
Data handling techniquos to be usad with 	 data at :;aslac-)
have been isveloaed using NO AA-5 ViPR thar-nal data. A nro;-raa
has been develo ped to scale rectifv and register the thornal
data to a base nap.
b. Sur`aca termerature transect s inland fron thn ccast
A computer Dro,-ram has been developed to Drenare surface tenaer-
ature Drofiles alon? 15 Darallal transect3 extendin7 fronn the
coast tc more than 200 km inland. NOAA-S satellite data were
usel in nren?rin7 and ^h nc !-in? o- , t th-i oro:7,an. :%C^_ Fi7. 1 =0»
example of one temperature nrofiin. Th^ dashe!i reference line
shows the al ignnent of th^ transect across four south Texas
counties. Deviation of the tennerature pro file (.olid line)
from the reference (dashed line) is an indication of rh.anIi^.a
s larface temoerature, reiolu-ion elnnent by rasolurion nle^?nt.
The data illustrated were obtained one night when free.inc^ tem-
peratures threatened the area; the reference temperature u.:ed 	 a
was 0°C. One can see that the nulf o` Mexico is at about 220C,
that the temnerature 'Fluctuates a^ound 0°C across Hidalgo
County (2nd county from the coast), and th-t sur face ternerazures
are decidedly below 0°C in Starr Count, (third county fron the
coast). The hither temperature of the wat3r bodies was used to
gray  mao them.
u
2. Procedurns in ?rn-ress
a. Storin g so i? s map in conout it .
It in exDacted that IMP I d data wi11 he in i^litanced by .soil
properties. In order to ^.valuate or correlate therm.al da n
with ra8pact to soi ls, arra ?^entz- h r' ! l v2en I'1:1rlr' wit'}{ th-7
Soil Consgrvation Szrvice to rcvi3P and consolliate to one
mao scale the soils in`ormation for the HCH'1 'test site which
coi or?ses tha four sourhno3t Texas counties. Pl_en3 ar^ to
put this information, cons.istin? of 34 soil assiciation , into
the co,outer for retrieval wh,'le -erocesnir g HC'M data.
b. Air temperature an-1 surface t'J"T)9rat'_ir ,! rilat=onshin
A defined relationship between surface temperature and air
temperature will permit the u:3--to= th ,irnal sate? lit , dat.s in
internolating air temperatures between weather station locations.
On the other hand, deviations from an air temT)eraturi v3 	 _face
temnerature relationship m,v nrovids a good neasure of aridity.
A computer DZ'O?7'a^1 for th?se tyne3 of inv3stl?at'ioni 1s being
developed using F{OAA-5 data sources. Several surface temperature
representations will be triQd inclu-jinF cells of 1x1, 3x3, 5x5,
70, and 9x3 satellite resolution ela.ients.
c. Selection of individual croo fielc's
Canlidate in,livi^Ual fief ass (or	 or the z7a me
crop are Bain7 lo:ated usin¢ (1) the 15 Dec 77 high altitude
HC14'4 su pport aircraft fight, (2) li;tines of fielr's from n^e-
v.ious ground truth that are > 60 acres in size, (3) nhoto-
mosaics of Hidalgo, Cameron,+ an ,1 ^lillacy Counties (1:(10,000
scalp ), and (4) Landsat color conoosita transnarancies anI print
enlargemenn .
Thirty-two agricultural fields and rantelarnj location3 his been
tentatively solected for HC,-!M cro-) stress stu ,'ies. The crops
being considered are citrus, cotton, suaarcan^, and Train
sorghum. Final selection of cotton and grain sorghum fields will
he made after the candidate fields have bAen ground-truthad for
crops planted this growing season.
Twenty homo ',reneous areas of anproximat-ily 30 kn 2 each are being
investigated as potential areas for study of svno pt ic or gross
effects.
BRIG WR QuklffyFP
A
I
-	 d	 -
C. Si?niEicant Result:
None.
D. Publications:
Nona.
E. Recommendations:
Readiness to start processing F:CXIM digital tan^s a:; snon as they start
arriving would be greatly aided iP a dunmv tape, in the same format as
the real tapes, were provided to inventiQatorn. Thev c:oull then develop
processing algorithms and be read y to routinely handle tha real taoss
by launch time.
Likewise, investigators need information on the cal_br3tion or the
sensors. For exam_Dle, What coefficients ii3ed with tna F[ IM reflective
infrared data will bring, then into agreement with th,, data From Land-
sat-C?
Provide each investigato- with a cony o` S-250-P-1C, the NASA Reports
guide.
F. Funds Exnencled:
Allotment for FY 78 	 45,241.
Location and 1 PSC Costs	 $10,634.00
Other costc throuS;. 2/29/7£3:
Salaries	 4,724.00
Travel & Trans portation	 42G.00
Services & SUT)nlien	 0.00
Equipment
	
0.00
Total	 $15,754.00
Balance	 213,496.
:..iv1NA1,	 .1 is
'F POOR QLl, .ITY
I
G. Data Utilit7:
T413 dlftiTne and nin.httimo thermal aircraft data	 20 .73n 77 (ni'Tht-
timn), 20 July 77 (daytime), ac rl 15 D-^c-rib g n 77 (Olvtimn.) cl n.irly show
physical features such as pones, lakon., riv-ars, irrigation canal:,, and
draina7e ditches. Thcrmal effects o= crnnnir. q, patterns are apoartant
althou gh it is not po.sible to consis_ant1v distinguish bet:+ean the
various cron y . Variations of surface tinoeratura within F iefs Flux to
crop water stress, cotton root rot, high water table, an-1 oth: caus•3s
can bs seen. Differences in rangeland temoeratzire3 related to plant
h?ight (shadad area effect) are of interest. Micrometeorolo?ical
effects of win:Loreaks only one tree wi^!a show?d promin.antly in the
thermal data.
Urban area line-printer thermal ma p s o= tae January niRhrtim3 flight
were studied by the Planning Denartm9nt, Citv of McAllon. :o he useful
in enermi anolications, data fron .less ten the 26,000 feet altitude of
this fli7ht are required. Nonetheless, urban area are warme- than the
si.irroundi;ng agricnitural areas.
The 15 D-icamber 1977 high altitude photo7raohv is bein1 used to locate
can,iidYt,a sites (`i?lds or contiguous field--) for the p lant water stress
objective.
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Plant cover, soil temperature, freeze, water stress, and evapotranspiration

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