In hypokinesia, edema of all the layers of the mitral value was observed, which resulted in morphological changes of the cellular and noncellular components. An increase in ratio of elastic and collagenic fibers in the value was also observed along with and changes in their structural and staining properties. The observed changes can limit valve mobility and can result in manifestations of cardiac valve insufficiency, which is found clinically

Strelkovska, V. Y.

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NASA. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
	
NASA TM-76003
STATE OF THE MITRAL VALVE IN RABBITS WITH HYPOKIYESIA
V.Ye. Strelkovs'ka
Translation of "Stan mitral'nogo klapana sertsya
krolikov pri gipokineziy," Dopovidi Akademii Nauk
URSR, Seriya Geologichni, Khimichni to Biologichni
Nauky, Vol. 36. No. 1, 197 4 , pp. 72-75
(MASA-TH-76003) STATE CF 211E MITRAL VALVE 	 1180-22957
IN RABBITS VITH HYPOY.INESIA (National
Aeronautics and Space Adainistration) 7 F
HC A02/b2 A01	 CSCL 06C	 Unclas
G3/51 18023
NATIONAL, AERONAUTICS AND SPACE AD.IINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 2546	 December 1979
'1v	
/J4,!v1AY i^r^	 1,
RECEIVED
FAM T 1.
N ACCESS DM- ' ^^'
STATE OF THE MITRAL VALVE IN RABBITS WITH HYPOKINESIA
V.Ye. Strelkovs1ka
Kiev Scientific Research Institute of
Problems of Physical culture
It is known that hypokinesia has become a widespread phenomenon. 	 /72*
Numerous clinical observations and experimental data indicate that it
causes various disorders in human and animal organisms [1-5] and that it is
one cause of the development of cardiovascular insufficiency [6-8].
Quite a number of works have been devoted to study of the morpho-
logical changes of the heart in hypokinesi& C9-131. However, no data
are found in the literature available to us which refer to study of the
effect of hypokinesia on such an important regulator of blood circulation
as the valves of the heart.
At the suggestion of Prof. V.Ya. Karupu, the state of the mitral
valve of rabbits during hypokinesia was studied.
Mild hypokinesia was induced in 20 sexually mature rabbits kept in
narrow cages. After 1, 2, 4 and 7 months, the experimental animals were
killed. Six control rabbits were held under vivarium conditions.
Experimental and control animal materials were fixed in formalin
and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and
eosin according to van Gieson, Veygert, Heidenhain and Mallory and
impregnated by the method of Gomori.
The animals lost weight from constant long term study (Fig. 1).
The absolute weight of the heart also decreased from normal (6-8.1 g in
the test animals and 7.1 -8.5 g in the controls). The relative weight
of the heart did not undergo particular changes (0.34 in the test and
0.43 in the controls).
Numbers in the margin indicate pagination in the foreign text.
1
-	 c
In the animals under hypokinesia, dis- /73
orders of the capillaries and dystrophic
changes of all the internal organs, including
a'
the heart, increase. Against the background
e2	 of the changes noted, considerable deviations
' 20 40 60 eu TV, 12010 to 180,4.,	 develop in the structure of the heart valves.
The most pronounced changes of the histolog-
ical struct4.z • : occur in the mitral valve.
Fig. 1. Weight less of Thus, in Lhe first month of the study with
rabbits during prolonged restriction of motion, a pronounced edema
constant hypokinesia.
of the mitral valve tissues is noted. The
Key: a. weight, kg
	
endothelial cells which cover the atrial andb. days
ventricular surfaces of the mitral valve are
disorganized and displaced with respect to each other. Their shape is
crumpled: from oblong ovals, they are converted into polygons; they be-
come cubic shpaes in places. In some endothelial projection areas, kar-
yopycnosis and karyolysis are observed. At sites of endothelial cell
breakdown, there are lumps of chromatin. The soft fibrous tissue of the
subendothelial layer is edamatous. At times, disorientation (disorganiza-
tion of the subendothelial cells is noted, while, in the control group,
they basically are parallel to the endothelial layer. With change in the
subendothelial layer, irritation of
the elastic tissues and a decrease
!	 in number of elastic fibers must be
noted. Destructive processes (frag-
mentation) occur in them.
f
As a result of hypokinesis,
t	 the total number of collagen fibers
r	
f increases (Fig. 2). The number of
them increases particularly in the
F	 subendothelial layer of the atrial
- portion of the valve. These fibers
become thicker and homogeneous.
They stain intensely with fuchsin;
Fig. 2. Section of rabbit mitral
	 they become brick red an places.
valve. 7 months hypokinesia. Ac-
cumulation of collagen fibers in
	
The number of connective tissue el-
subendothelium of atrial portion 	 ements of the cells (fibroblasts, /74
of valve. Van Gieson's stain. X250.
fibrocytes) decreases. Parts ave seen, In large areas of which they are
not observed at all. The connective tissue layer of anima's under
hypokinesia is severely edematous. The muscle cells of the connective
tissue layer are increased in size, because of the swelling of their
cytoplasm. The boundaries between the smooth muscle cells frequently
are difficult to recognize; the cytoplasmic outgrowths of these cells are
diffuse and thick. The cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells 1 . slight-
ly picrinophili.c. Cells with vacuolized cytoplasm are noted. Between
the smooth muscle cells, there are fibrocytes, fibroblasts and connective
tissue fibers, of which a significant number are fibrils. In isolated
observations, small blood vessels are found among the muscle fibers, the /75
lumens of which are somewhat constricted.
With increase in duration
of hypokinesia (4-7 months)
deviations of the cytoarchi-
-•	 'r tectonics of the mitral valve_
a
-
	
It increase
	
(Fig.	 3,	 4) .	 Be-
sides, more pronounced fibrosis
-,	 `	 •,	 v,	 .{.« of the layers of the valve is
rioted.	 Considerable changes 
are found in the ventricular
part. of the valve, where the
Fi b;.	 3.	 Section of rabbit mitral	 valve. dumber of collagen fibers tn-
Seven month:: hypokinesia.	 Increase
are a:ca s	 -^ times,	 compared
thickno s of valve section due to marked
edema.	 Enlarged Intracellular :;pace::. with the Control.
Illdist Uict	 fibrous structure outlines.
vale	 uiesoll's	 :;tale.	 X150.
Illt.enslve	 fuctlsln0philla
and	 homOgell i eat Loll Of tilt'	 eollagen	 fiber; Is,	 t I • aeed .	 At	 the	 same	 t line,
the n umbe r of cell	 clelnellt;;	 of tilt'	 colill > ctive	 tls	 ue decreases	 relative
to	 the	 flbrou.,	 :.tI'U ,  t.Ul'e0 -
Thus s under • experi111enta1 hypoklrlesla, the cytoarchltectorlies of the
rnit,ral valve undergc%e,; cotl:;iderablc ch:ln e 	 which progress, depending
on tilt, Increaso n duration of the experl.nlent. Edema of the valve tissue
appear:, first;, and this leads to dystrophic and de: truet.ive changes in
the col.l 010111ent.> 01, t ilt,	 the valve ln .yere.	 Here, tile proport toll
i
--=---
between the fibrous struc-
tures of the connective
tissue and the number of
cell elements is disrupted.
The latter generally are
rarely found, and the collagen
fibers become numerous, thick
and have altered staining
properties. The number of
elastic fibers decreases.
Therefore, it can be
Fig. 4. Section of rabbit mitral valve.	 concluded that, in hypokinesia,
Control observations. Normal structure.
	 there are considerable changes
van Giesen's stain. X150. 	
in the valve structure, which
result in a decrease in its elastic properties and changes in the propor-
tions between the elastic and collagen fibers of the valves. All this
results in limitation of the valve mobility and to cardiac valve insuf-
ficiency, which is found clinically.
Such disorders of the valves can be one cause of severe cardiovas-
cular disorders in hypokinesis of various origins.
ORIGINAL PAGE IS
OF POOR QUALITY
E r	 4
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State of the mitral valve in rabbits with hypokinesia

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