The author has identified the following significant results. Species and ages of grasses in pastures were identified, and soils were classified into several types using LANDSAT data. This data could be used in a wide area of cultivation, reclamation, or management planning on agricultural land

Hayashi, S.

Maruyasu, T.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

B..1c uncer NASA spoflsorsrnU13~ole 
in the interest of early and wide dis­
-:s in~tion of Earth Resources Survey 
OBSERVATION OF PRESENT STATE CF-AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE
 
BY ANALYSING LANDSAT DATA
 
I INVESTIGATION CF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE PATTERN IN.JAPAN'
 
(28990)

. 7.7'-t 243 
by &~113 
M M Shigechika Hayashi
 
M Upland Farming Division,
 
National Agricultural Experiment Station,
 
U(N Memuro, Hokkaido, 082, JAPAN 
=Mtn U 
WH I * Original photography may be purchased from;0-= Data CentermEROS 
W. Pi 1 In 
P-Enq A-O 1. Introduction Sioux Falls, SD 
zn0 
0 &E-4 
H A ­
:: 3 In Hokkaido, where the scale of agricultural fields is
 
, comparatively large, wide area observation by LANDSAT has great 
-HP4 possibility of effective use for analysing real state and changes 
02 m MZ of agricultural land. 
rnFEl5-4 
N a z M In this study authors investigated the method of applying
 
a E4H ' 
! DP4 ;, o LANDSAT data for observing agricultural land in Hokkaedo as a 
W030 U part of 'Investigation of Environmental Change Pattern in JAPAN' 
(28990).
 
This study was performed by following members: Shigechika
 
Hayashi and Michikazu Fukuhara of Upland Farming Divisin
 
Hokkaido NationalAgricultural Experiment Station; ili
 
Ile-_
 
I :-ZC'L 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19770026630 2020-03-22T08:08:31+00:00Z
SCIENCE AND TE:CHNOLOGYAGENCY
 
2-2-1 Kasumigaseki Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan 
September 8, 1977
 
NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility
 
Attention: Earth Resources
? :O. Box 8757 
Baltimore-Washington International Airport, MD 21240
 
IBu i
Receiving Officer
 
kIL Building 16 
*p Goddard Space Flight Center
 
Greenbelt, MD 20771
 
Draft Final Report: Investigation No. 28990
 
Dear Sir:
 
I am pleased to send you herewith the "Draft Final Report" of our
 
Investigation.No.28990, "Investigation of Environmental Change Pattern in
 
Japan", supported by the NASA approved Landsat-Follow-on Program.
 
This Draft Final Report consists of 9 reports listed on the attached
 
sheet and each report has been titled as the subject which shows the
 
main theme of the investigation.
 
You would kindly review these reports and send me back accordingly.
 
Yours faithfully,
 
'Takakazu Maruyasu
 
Principal Investgator of 28990
 
Investigation of Environmental Change Pattern
 
in Japan
 
c/o National Space Department Agency of Japan
 
L.A. Office 606 S. Olive St. Suite 310
 
Los Angeles, CA. 90014
 
.' ICr, 
(Attached Sheet)
 
Co-investigator's name 

1. Hayashi 

2. Nakajima 

3. Mural 

4. Shoji 

-5. Tsuchiya,Ochiai, 

6. KWatanabe 

7. Ochiai 

8. Ochiai,Tsuchiya,Takeda 

9. T.Watanabe 
Theme.
 
Observation of Present State of
 
Agrocultural Land-Use by Analysing
 
Landsat data
 
Investigation of the Ecological
 
Environment Index from Observation
 
of the Regional Vegetation cover and
 
their Growing Condition
 
An:Analysisrnn.Vegetationzcover by
 
using Landsat MSS data
 
(1) Classification of Shorelines
 
(2) Investigation of Variations in
 
the Prominent Oceanic Current, Kuroshio
 
Environmental Change Pattern in
 
Central Japan as revealed by Landsat
 
data
 
General Pattern of the Turbid Water
 
in the.Seto-Island Sea extracted from
 
Multispectral Imageries by the Landsat-l
 
and -2
 
Significant Applications of Landsat-2
 
MSS Data to Marine Environment 
Application of Landsat MSS Data to -

The Study of Oceanographical Environment
 
Utilization of Landsat-2 Data for
 
Fisheries
 
Yasuda and Yasubufii Smori of Institute of Color Technology
 
Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University; Joji Iisaka of
 
Scientific Center of JAPAN IBM.
 
II. Techniques
 
From LANDSAT data of agricultural fields in Tokachi District:
 
(l). Ratio images were made by photographical treatment. (2).
 
Digital analysis was performed using the computor. And the
 
results were compared with ground truth data.
 
1. Data used (figure 1)
 
24 May, 1973, 'Kushifo' (LANDSAT-1), 70 mm B & W film.
 
11 June, 1975, 'obihiro' (LANDSAT-2), 70 mm B & W film and
 
CCT.
 
2. 	Channel used and wave length (Pm) 
4 (0.5 - 0.6), 5 (0.6 - 0o7), 6 (0.7 - 0.8), 7 (0.8 - 1.1). 
3. Area used for analysis was overlapped part of both (1) and
 
(2), and this part corresponds to Tokachi District (figure 2).
 
4. 	Preparation of ratio images by photographical treatment.
 
.B & W bulk positives of 4, 5, 7 bands in the two scenes of
 
LANDSAT data, the one 'Kushirol (1973) and the other 'Obihirol
 
(1975), were enlarged to 1:200,000 scale, then the ratio images
 
of 1975/1973 of each band were made.
 
These images were analysed using slicing instrument (GRAFT­
*COLOR 905) and difference between two years was extracted.
 
Process of making ratio images is illustrated in figure 3.
 
5. Digital analysis using computor.
 
Digital analysis of CCT of 'Obihiro' (1975) by compuror
 
was performed using LARSYS IBM-DCS version program. LARSYS
 
analysis flow is illustrated in figure 4. Results of inter­
pretation were color-displayed finally,
 
III. 	Accomplishment
 
1. In the season when the data were obtained, the crops planted
 
in Tokachi fields having not grown so much except winter wheat
 
and grasses, authors chosed grasses and soils as an object
 
of analysis. Density distribution patterns in the B & W bulk
 
positives of three upland fields, belonging to different soil
 
types, are shown in figure 5.
 
In this figure: (1). Seasonal difference between May and
 
June is recognized0 (2). The order of reflectance intensity
 
among soil types did not change.
 
2. To extract the change pattern of agricultural fields which
 
occured in process of time, ratio images were made. Change
 
patterns obtained from ratio images were classified into 5 types
 
as follows:
 
(1). Changes of land management-and-use during two years.
 
(2). Seasonal change of plant growth0
 
(3). Apparent change produced by differen6e of relative
 
densities among the subjects in the images.
 
(4).' Influence of looking angle.
 
(5). And influences of noizes, clouds and etc.o.
 
The bare-ground produced by the reclamation practice was 
recognized remarkably in the ratio image of band 7 (figure 6 ­
8).
 
3. Digital analysis using computor was performed on the area
 
near Nakaotofuke and Nishishihoro, where the results of ratio
 
image analysis showed remarkable changes of land use. 
This area had been markedly changed to bare ground owi2an 
to the renovation and establishment of grassland based on'the 
agricultural land reclamation plan0 
After clustering analysis a training field was chosen 
among run-data on the MIS (CCT) tapes, and then statistical 
values were obtained concerning this region (figure 9). By 
.this treatment 13 classes were identified in this training 
field: 4 bare grounds (A - D), 6 grasslands (S - J), wheat field 
(K), range (L), woods (W). 
On these statistical values maximum likelihood method was 
applied and thenclassification map was made (figure 0). 
According to these results, it was considered that in this 
reclaimed land the main coverage was timothy which had been 
sowed 4 years before and the productivity is not high, because 
of the infertile soil (A, C) poor in organic matter, and that 
there were also unreclaimed area0 
4. According to the ground truth data, it was proved that in
 
the reclaimed grassland of this area, timothy was dominant
 
coverage and the fertility was poor because of the shallowness of
 
gravel stratum and of deficiency of organic matter.
 
The plan of application of waste water from the potato
 
starch factory is being realized in this 'area to enrich the
 
soil fertility.
 
Unidentified'area in the classification map dominantly
 
consisted of unreclaimed land, where the soil surface was covered
 
with mixture of grass and woods.
 
IV. Significant Results
 
Significant results of this study are as follows:
 
1. In the Plains of Tokachi, where the scale of agricultural
 
fields is comparatively large in JAPAN, LANDSAT data with its
 
accuracy has proved to be useful enough to obserxe the actual 
condition bf agricultural land-use and changes more accurately
 
than the present methods0
 
2. Authors could identify the species and ages of grasses in
 
pasture and classify the soils into several types, using LANDSAT
 
data. Therefore,'LNNDSAT data is feasible in the application
 
.to wide area planning of cultivation, reclamation or manage­
ment on agricultural land0
 
V. Publications
 
MFukuhara, SHayashi, Y0Yasuda and YEmori: Multitemporal
 
Analysis of Agricultural Land using LANDSAT Data,
 
Proceedings of the 1977.Meeting, JAPAN SCCIETY OF
 
PHOTOGRAMMETRY, May 1977, pp. 73 - 74.
 
VI. Problems
 
For practical use, following problems should be solved:
 
1. Periodical data acquisition suitable to-special climatic
 
condition in JAPAN.
 
2. Resolution suitable for the scale of agricultural fields in
 
JAPAN.
 
3. Reducing the time of data acquisition.
 
4. Establishment of techniques for analysis and application
 
suitable for agriculture, which has various local characteri­
tics.
 
7
 
5. Accumulation of analytical case studies on agriculture0
 
VII. Data Quality and Delivery
 
No.
 
VIII. Recommendations
 
No.
 
IX. Conclusions
 
From the results of the analysis, LANDSAT data proved to
 
be feasible to detect the actual condition of land use, namely,
 
the changes of agricultural lands, grassland management and
 
etco...
 
When timely information is available, LANDSAT data will
 
be useful for remote sensing to study such large scale
 
agricultural fields as in Hoklaidofrom the wide viewpoint0
 
/HOKKAIDO 
2. 24MA<'73 
I ,LINE'75 nUHR 
091HIROI 
Figure 1. Observed area in the scenes used.
 
'A
 
Figure 2. Photoaraphs of analysod area (Tokacij District). 
o 
i t0 
y'Vt( 
WOF 
f 
4 
4 
P ''t~I 
b 
i-C, 
.7 
~t~r 
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"PN 
rtWE2 
A 
~ 
4~P\ 
, #p% 
-
a t- -6 0 0 
* -
(1) . 24 May 1973, 'Kushito' band 7 image0.2) 11. June 1975; 'Obihiro', band 7 image. 
Figure 3. Process of preparing ratio images.
 
, D., respec-
Let the negative density of image A, Bbe D 

tively, and let the pos'itive density of S be Dbio Density
 
of superimposed image of negative A on positive B9 ioe. aB 
becomes
 
' DAB =DA +Dt)=Do+D -Z t ......... (I)
 
where D is density of constant level0
 
When
tA tB 
DAB$ -D3(2) 
then
 
BD -log(H . ...... (3)
ta, t D=-og { .............. 4
 
where r is reflectivity of the body, H is illuminaticn intensity
 
of reflection of sunlight0
 
Therefore the transmissivity of the image obtained is
 
7A8 9 A 
Figure 4.. 
LARSYS Analysis Flow. Multispectral 
aimage Storage 
",LIN " 
sFields 
; 
COL 
FIC 
STA.!' 
-'x'ES 
[ 
J t 
' GRA 
,Data 
CLU 
Gathering 
S PIiti 
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Fieled 
LARSYS 
Pattern 
Classification 
Results 
Flile 
Classifcation 
Results 
\,Tape 
C12,~ sification 
Re)ults 
T -pe 
<-Per-Field Point by Point Per-Field­
________Supervised 
Classifiation. 
J,____ 
T 
- ln-Snpervised 
las sification. 
________ 
00 
2MAY73 11JUN75 
it 4 
A- A 
AA 
B 
2 
C 
2B. 
A, Alluvial soil 
Ando sol-BroVM 
C: Ando sol-Black 
.4 .5 6 
BAND 
7 4 5 6 
BAND 
7 
Figure 5. Density distribution patterns of different soils
 
determined by B & W positives.
 
(1973, 'Kushiro', 1975p 'Obihiro')
 
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or poO1 Q13PJJ 
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. 

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Figure 6. 

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Spectral response of ground coves 
Figure 9. 

Figure I0. 	 A part of classification map of reclaimed land
 
used as a test field. (Discrimination rate of training
 
field is 87.5 % as a whole.)
 
JE IE) lIE 3IfKLI.LIKIJI,JJJJJM ~tA<LLHLH.HLIYJK: 
L LKIILI,.,. LL
lJJJ~E J' j 1 IIL 
IL Eh1LX;t~~i % 1(X 011	 LjV 
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LG GHHLL 7 CX' - MILLLHL LHHHH.
,d .P 	 t , XZ%(. LLLLL H1HLH; Ba r 9y. n f i e l d , 
,
.... . . I LL LL
L3I C.! N1 HGGLLG G 0 ': LLLLLLL LLHHL 	 Bare ground, zpland field,IjL I 
H U 	 LILI - LLLL L V [LLLL IlL K'3 LLL GGGG G HLHILH H ..-. 	 4HIG 	 Timothy
LL [LLL 	 LHGGGGG HHLLGH LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLKLL KJJOLL 

LKLLLI. 	 (sowed 2 years before)..trr l F)[' LLLLf-l LHGGHLHG HIIH LLIHGHHHHHHGGLLLHLLLLLHL 
L Lx a L L LL IKKILLHGGLLKKL H LL L LLHLL LL 
L LLLH HL tILL. Li TimothyOH LLL I<I<LLIILLIILIHLLLLLLE 11w LI 	 1 (sowed 3 years before).LLL I IL , H GHLLHLL IIILLILIVS LGG l LULL LI'. I 

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Laiio e
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g 	 s- e es eo:)f LLLIIJJWI LI LUL• LLLI , M MILIKK KQII L [3 , LLM I JILL LLL MIIKL 	 (sowed 2years before).0,5 ' IL I 	 I L!X)K L 1401 UM> Uml LIE' KKL LLLLLL L 
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L:L 'X M X g I f 	 L L £j.V? LrLI %MI I IJL hI 
, L H I I M' YM 

I
0 0,5 lo0 
Figure 1i. Ground truth data.
 
49 V 
41j 49 
-
26S (6) 
* 46 t 
-.I* I46 
.47~ 
T .. ;......Timothy. 
C ........ Red clover. 
46-51 .... Years when timothy waswsQwed. 
- ~ .. Experimental Fields., 
v .... Points to be examined. 


Investigation of environmental change pattern in Japan. Observation of present state of agricultural land-use by analysing LANDSAT data

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