Space radiobiology is discussed with emphasis on the biological effects of heavy charged particles. Findings of spaceborne experiments on fungi, eggs, and seeds are presented

Yurov, S. S.

English

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FIFTH WRKING *GFC)UP aXSFEFWCE (SPACE BIOLOGY) AT THE XXI PLENARY 
SESSIm 3F COSPAR,.28 MAY - 10 JUN 1978 AT INNSBRLTQK 
Translalion of l'In£~rmatsiya o konferentsii 5-y rabochey grupw (kosmi- 
ches'caya biologiya) na XXI plenarnoy sessii COSPAR (Mezhdunarodnogo 
Komiteta po Kosmicheskim issledovaniym), 28 mya - 10 iunya 1978 g., 
Insbruk, Avstriya,ll Radiobiologiya, Vol. 19, No. 5, May 1979, p 796 
(NASA-TB-76107) P I F T d  Y O R K I I G  CONFERENCE N80-21017 
(SPACE BIOLOGY) AT THE 21ST PZENABY SESSIOlY 
OF C03PAR {National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration) 4 p HC A02/HP A01 CSCL 06C Unclas 
G5/51 47626 
T b  -am of the XXI Session of OOSPAR, i n  a c h  scientists f r a n  34 a,untries/796* 
-
participated, included six symposia and conferences of eightmrking groups. In the 
f i f t h  wrking group (space biology) *re was a presentation of materials in these 
a r m :  research on the Viking c ra f t  (biology of Mars), planetary biology and quaran- 
tine, space radiobiology and gravitational biology. In radiation biology (presiding 
were Prof. Kh. Byuker, West Gemany, a d  Prof. Ye.  Ye. Kovalev, SwietUnion)the first 
three reports were devoted to the dosimetry of heavy charged particles (HB) . The re- 
port of Ye. Ye. Kovdlw viewed the d i s t r i h t i o n  of HCPs in respect to thei r  energy 
and linear energy loss (LEL) a s  a function of the f l ight  alt i tude of spacecraft (SS). 
report of V. Heinrich and A. Spiel (West Gerrrany) s h l ,  that effectiveness of 
the spacecraft's g-gnetic shield (M) of the EPAS (Experimental Flight of the A- 
pollo Sayuz) against space H B s  (e.g. Fe nuclei) depended i n  large part on orbi tal  
parameters. Spacecraft orbiting a t  the equator showed showxi m x h a l  C X  against H B s  
frrm t!e E threshold of 5-7 bev/neuclon. It was found, that  w i t h  an increase in the 
angle of orbital  inclination there was a decrease in the HCPs that irrpinged on the 
s p e c r a f t .  Ir- the seoond report V. Heinrich presented data on the study of fragmnt 
production in nuclear collision of C, N e  and Ag ions w i t h  E=250-900 mar/neuclon w i t h  
LEI, in t k  region of the Breff peak. Differences w r e  noted i n  dosage curves of IiZs 
absorbed by the target between v i m e n t a l  and estimated values. The conclusion is, 
that the production of l ight  fragn-ents ought to increase with the mass number of barn- 
barded nuclei. 
WAS results were presented in  three reprts. I. G. Akoyev et al .  (Swiet  Un- 
ion) looked a t  the kinetics of the formation of the macro- and ultrastructure of the 
fungus Actinunyces levoris during the f l ight  and postflight periods. The phenorrmon 
noted in flight'was desynchronization of sporifemus ring formtion and inhibition 
of their growth during the f i r s t  2-3 days of f l igh t  and the authors associate this 
with orbital  absence of the usual influence of te r res t r ia l  biorhythm indicators. 
* 
Nmbers i r~  the margin indicate pagination in  the foreign text. 
In their report S. S. Yumv et dl. (Soviet Union)  layz zed the genetic effects of 
HCPs on T4Br+ bacteriophages. me bacteriophages of flight spcimens showed an in- 
crease of mutagenic rate that was 18-19 times that of the control. S. Chomek et 
dl. (West Gemany) used the Bacillus subtilis to shaw clear damage done by HBs. The 
721 hers are of the opinion, that for the spore direct HB impingamt is a lethal e- 
- ~ t ,  yet they do not deny the possibility of the effect of beta radiation in the 
path of the HCPs. 
I. D. Anikeywa et al. (Soviet Union) showed, that the physical factors of 
space flight in a case where Crepis capillaris and Arabidopsis thallana acted upon 
seeds that had been previously treated with g a m  radiation induced intensive d m g e  
in meristeratic &xyon.ic cells with attendant increase in radiosensitivity of the 
b i d  jects studied. 
In joint reports of Soviet and French researchers an examination is made of 
radiobiological experinlents carried out on the Kosnos-936 and the orbital station 
Salyut-6. In the first report Yu. Gaubin et al. (France, Soviet Union) it was shown 
chat or! the ICxims-936 123 out of 1165 lettuce seeds showed traces of H B  !mpinge 
m t .  Specifically these seeds evidenced a significant increase in nultiple &ram- 
sane aberratims with a considerable attadant increase of individual chramsaue ab- 
errations. In these s m  experiments one ~mted some differences in dwelopnent of 
artemba eggs which the authors link with the effect of weightlessness or the dynamic 
factors of space flight. In respect to the second experiment on the orbital station 
Salyut-6, Ch. Plane1 et al. (France, Soviet Union) showid in the "Cytos" experimt 
a shortening of pardmesium generation time in flight by 0.8 times. The authors at- 
trhte th= stirrnilation effect to the action of space radiation in weightlessness. 
In the evaluation of the reports there was a desire expressed for standardiza- 
tion of terms used in space radiobiology. A resolution was passed to include in 
the annouiicewnt of t k  day for the meeting of the Fifth Working Group (space bio- 
logy) of the next W P A R  session tile following areas: radiobiological effects in 
space, biological stay of planets, organic mlecules in space, early biological 
evolution, gravitational biology, roundtable discussion of radiation standards. The 
-PAR standing cunnittee decided that the XXII session will be held in Bangalore, 
India, 29 May - 9 Jun 1979. 


Fifth Working Conference (Space Biology) at the 21st Plenary Session of COSPAR

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