A wet vibratory procedure for the removal of burrs from die castings is described. In this process synthetic abrasive chips and detergent solutions are agitated with the work in such a way as to produce a spiral circulatory movement. Details of various forms of vibrator basin and shapes of abrasive are illustrated. The automation of deburring is illustrated through the application of vibrators of spiral design in combination with transport and drying devices

Loeschbart, H. M.

English

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"ASA	 I	 'A	 •'JU"I	 I^ASA .. -.75755
TI Lij 3Y .-;T 'I_;iUTCRY i LANT
Hans-Martin Loeschbnrt
(NASA-Til-75755)
	 7E'iUPRING DIE-CA51INGS BY	 N80-18244
WET VIBPATCRY PLANT (National Aeronautics
and Space Administration)
	 11 p
HC AU2/.lk AO 
	 CSCL 13H	 Unclas
G3/31 47238
"ails l at' on of ":T--isaent rater von irucx -=-tcilen lurch Vibrations-
. leitscr:leife ," reisserei, .'ol. 5,
	 ' , 1 4 Jsnuary 1971
. 6-().
A.:, tO"T'iU`IICS f^ .'j .,_:^'E AJ17
	
	
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, J.C. 20546	 ,'L^3_:U.^_^ : 1 980
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800009977 2020-03-21T19:54:27+00:00Z
Deburring Die-Castings by let Vibratory Plant
Bans-Martin Loeschbart
Association of German Foundry Experts
Die--castings may usually not be sold as produced. They have to 	 /6*
be deburred, e.g, via vibratory finishing with corundum chips. Burrs
occur especially at those points at which the die-cast mold is con-
structed from various parts.
Debur ri ng as a Task in Manufacturing
Deburring includes the removal of
the projections,
the overflows,
the separation burrs at the mold separation plane, the slides
and cores, the insertion partitions, the insertion parts and
the ejectors,
burrs formed due to aging and soldering points in the mold,
burrs formed due to pulling points on the die-cast etc.
The wet method of deburring described here is usually carried
out subsequent to a mechanical operation of stamping, drilling, mill-
ing, turning etc. in which the larger burrs are already removed. The
smaller burrs, which previously had to be removed by hand with files
or scrapers, may now be removed very inexpensively via wet vibratory
plant l . Advantages of this procedure are the savings in personnel
and a more regular deburring, which could not be achieved manually.
Vet deburring methods in vibration containers driven by motors
permit the simultaneous deburring of a larger number of pieces of die-
castings within 8 to 30 minutes.
1) H.-M. Loeschbart, Giesserei 49, No. 19, p. 629/34 (1962).
* Numbers in the margin indicate pagination in the foreign text.
1
Mechanical deburring may also be carried out in barrels, in
rotating, usually multiple-cornered containers (Figure 1).	 In the
`
	
	 barrel method forces are transmitted from one die-casting to the next
by means of agitation, so that a portion of the burr is removed or
hammered into the die-casting. The surface of the die-casting is
usually somewhat shiny, but also contains fine impressions caused by
the continuous hammering of the die-castings against one another.
The deburring by means of wet
vibratory finishing is carried out
in lined, vibrating containers filled
with die-castings, abrasives and
compounds. The throughput of die-
castings increases substantially
compared with the barrel method,
since the vibration induces strong
motions of the die-castings relative
to the abrasives. The die-cas:.ings
are polished smooth.
Figure 1: Barrel Machine, According
tol.
eration Means for the Vibratory Finishing
^^ A
Included in the vibratory container are -
1. Chips,
2. Compounds,
3. Water and
4. Die-castings.
The container is filled to approx. 800.
1) Report c'" the TA Roto-Finish of the Metallgesellschaft AG,
Frankfurt (Main).
I2
M.
I'he %'i brat ing container i11,1uiCS 1110t ion of the Chill. as ahr;rsiVe
reIat ire to the dic - cast ings, so that al l project ilig edges oil the dic -
cast in	 es1)CC JI IV the hit I-
	 arc r`r0tln.l 1 ►%a ► .	 There is ;I ►side var
iet	 of ttatura	 and s it thet is Ilia tcrial: for the chills.
	 OstlaI I
	 s y n-
thetic corundum is -Ii11 tere.l to certain ;rhrasi ►'e f() rill s.
	 The size of
the chills r;inges froIll ; to :1 1 nlnl.	 I'herc are M.111V :h;11,e: and the<e
Ina ► ' he c110sen fr0n1 ;I h ide range offered on the nl;lrl.et (I IQure 2) .
	 I t
Is 'IdVts;l1)	 to 11 Ill It	 the s11311es to ;I leW \'el'S;lt Ill` t\'Iles tol' 1'e ;1s0 ltS
of ecolloin• .	 the 11AI'dlle'; S li t	 the ;11 1 1' ;lsl\'e Qra111 -. 1111 1111ts t0 9 dCQ roes
on the	 IV. C,
	 sc;rle, and ;1 11ter of corundum chill: l%ciglis approx.
2.5 kv.
um 
rIR
	
6 oil
11 011I-e 2.	 for \ ihrator ►' I inishin>~
the sClcct ion of chile based on tri.11S and exl)ericnce:
l;er e chill: result In 
	 cutting performance,
sn1;111 chills result in smoother surfaces.
I'he chile slay not lodge in the Dart, so that a correct choice in
chit, shape, t\ • I,e and size is rc(Iui red .
	 Determination of these para-
meters should he contained in thy` product ion 1)1All
	 I f chips 10LIQ0 in
a part, suhse (Ill L`nt handI ink could cause tool hrealtaLe, m:Ikint ;I one
hundred percent control of the parts nec( I ss'II' .V	 \•i1)ratorN' fiitishinv
replaces manual polishin
	 or immersion grinding	 hen	 e r v 11 1gli sur-
face ►lualit y
 oC d10-Casti11g is re (Ill ired, c.V. f 0 r a gallanic teeat-
nle11t, Sv11thetic :Hips are appl ied for the final tl'e;lt11W1lt
i
AD	
IL
The conlpound-^ a re ►.ti ter soluble chemicals	 I'he.e have a chemical	 /7
effect on the die-castings and chills ill
	 vibration containers.
I'he compollnd-; a re therefore  a1:u chosen ill ac cordance with the nlet a 1
to li e treated.
	 They assist 111 the ahra ,^ ive effect Of till` chips, 111-
fluence the metallic coloration as ►;ell a ,; the shine of the die-
ca tin
.
Qs and due to their moistening add itive• the ►
 clean the die -
ca t Inns, chips and coil t.11ner ►.al Is.
fhe compound i-^ %%.Iter Soluble.
	 The chemical xolut ion collll's into
contact I%Ith the die-ca-;tinos and chips.
	 The ►,; ► ter conducts the
ahra ,;ive product particles from the die -casting: and chips to the
container haSe, there+ ► ' maintaining chip ahrasivetle::.
	 hater also
reduces the noi-^e level of the vibratory plant by d:lnlpening the im-
pact of die-castings and chips on one another.
	 The friction heat
created i ,; partially al-orhed by the ►%titer and conducted a ►%ay from
the die-casting.
Mac h i ne I l es I ols
Since the introduction of the vibrator y
 fin;:-hind procedure a
lamC VAri0tV ut -
 container: +:l y e been designed.
	
\ :ur yev of the de-
^ I gil types 1 s shomi 111 F I pare 1,	 the Illa , or i ty of iliac h l lle des igns
permit for container motion alteration: of y il)ration frcquency by
mean• of y ;lriahle ^ear^, of vihrat ion amyl itude I, ►
 means of ad) list -
meat of eccentric lceight: and of y lhrati011 time 1) y Ill earls of sCtting:
on a clock.
recording to the nunlher of containers a distinction iS made h('-
tl%een :in i l , and 11v It isle container
	 plants (compare I inure: 3:1 and h).
I , he next development Step is the continual plant (figures 3c and 4
.n tIIi. cafe the chips are not removed from the plant after the work
:e(Iuence, hilt rather die-ca•tinvs are sifted out and unloaded.
	 '111e
chil): are re- intro.luced into the vihrat ink container.
1
4
9b	 c	 d
1	 -	 •••,nr^•.^•i ^---- A1'.^oil<rn	 lo^+g4vT	 ^	 Rrnglorm
71IDIMl1frr
	 MIM&who,fee
	 IurOurch:u,rfurlagr
t	 ll• I 1'/ /I{ ^	 / /	 ^; '• -^^^	 1` / '/	
`•^^ /
' ,-nJrylt ^w.rsN	 1',w e .•N	 ` Uurcr,i^r ^ r M'•.D urw rnar^.nn •^i^r1 ^ Nr •• ^rrD
	 ..p
	 r^Or,7Mw..ur Setrr^p i N^Ir^rp
.,.rte. 
^ ^	 U`-' ^^	 C.J`-'•>•
e
. 1 ^ SC ^rO^DInQO/^/orT
Uu^cnlou/n.t...e urd
nu. y^.rlw.,xr dtrr,.o
t
I ipure	 sche11lat is Representat ion of l l esivn l)-pes
of 1 ihrator y I inishinQ Devices, Taken from Footnote 1 , page 2.
Key
I	 S 1a e 0t • the c ont ;ll ner
I1o1')\	 e 11e11c e
hurl. 1^ i ece:
JA 1 1 r;l	 V c s
\01'111.31 Sha1)e	 In.Qle container
h	 \or11131 Sh;11)e
	
111111t i11le container
Long fo1 . 111 t - or cant inuou	 01)e1'.3t ion
8	 Toro i d;1 I -^hapo
1111-eadL'd :ha11C
10	 1:atch 011e1 , at ion
I 1	 Cont ifluaI and latch o1 erat iott
tillhS(.'tIIII'IIt tO the Milli; Shapes for vibrators, vibrators with
spiral desigli were introduced.	 Those vibrators have a toroidal or
thread-shaped vibration container, 1.hich induce a toroidal motion of
contents (1 : i ;11res .:d and e as I%cI I ;IS 1: iti11re ; ) .
Purpose Of t he these s1) 1 1';I I V i I 1'a t ors i s t o reduc 0 t hr 1'1'(111 i red
controls to as great all extent as possible 1\11iIc keel) ini Spatial re -
kluirenlents to a minimum.	 the die - castings ;Ire intl'oduced into the
X . i1)rator 111artt1aI I 	 or also via sl)c, ciII sul ply devices.	 :After a single
or Several circulations in the vibrator the die-castints are seha-
rated f rom the c11i1)s 11y 11leans of a hili It - in s  ft inv, sc;± i lin and 1111-
loaded.	 I'he addition of co MI) ounds 111,1V he automated b y lif e ,- 1	 u47 a
dos ing and spray device.
5
@f OWN"10"14PAGE
 
tSQu4fry
lu.%.
JO
Figure 4: Long Design of Con-	 Figure 3: Spiral Design of Con-
tinual Vibrator,	 tinual Vibrator, Taken
Taken from Footnote 1
	
from Footnote 1 Page 2.
Page
Drvin^ of the Die-Castings
	The die-castings, usually sensitive to moisture, must be dried 	 /8
after wet vibratory finishing. Water spots on NE-metal die-castings
reduce appearance quality and often make the die-castings unmarketable.
Drying may be carried out by means of:
1. Immersion of a basket with completed parts in a container
filled with hot water. The parts are heated for a short
period of time, taken out of the water, shaken and left to
stand. The heat in the die-castings leads to evaporation of
the residual moisture on these parts;
2. Hot air in rotating drums. The die-castings release the
moisture when run through these drums with an inclined axis.
In addition resin-free hardwood granules are often added.
Instead of the rotating drums heated ovens are often used
with circulating bands of stainless steel as transport means;
3. Application of dewatering fluids. These dewatering fluids
infiltrate the water drops on the die-castings due to their
large moisturizing forces.	 Since water is heavier than these
fluids, the water collects at the base of the container and
may be drained from time to time in a simple manner (Figure 6).
\ newer development consists in arranging Jet nozzles in a
continuous automatic system, so that deep holes may be reached
more effectivel y . The composition of dewatering fluids may
provide for an additional protective film against cor:-osion
on the treated parts.
^::^t xrr^lron^m^ftl
	 ^
I
I
WISSer
Figure 6: Schematic Representation
of the Drying with Dewat-
ering Fluids, Taken from
Footnote 1 on Page 2.
Key
A	 Dewatering fluids
B	 Water
Further Develo pments and Costs
For special die-castings devices may be arranged subsequent to
the vibrators, making possible the complete removal of chips by means
of turning of the die-castings, even when deep impressions are pre-
sent.
By means of the arrangement of die-casting collector, transport 	 p)
device to the vibrator, vibratory finishing plant of a spiral design
and drying device with subsequent conveyor belt, a fully automated
7
OF?'G'NAIOF pr:4,)R QU
' ^ff rTy
dehurring is achieved. Only a single person may supervise several
machines where necessar y , including the transport of parts to and from
the plant.
	
Figure " shows an example for an automated plant.
Figure 7: Full y Automated Vibratory Finishing Plant,
Taken from Footnote 1 on Page 2.
The procedure becomes more economical with rising personnel costs.
The spatial requirements of the place previously necessary for manual
deburring was a multiple of that for this procedure. The regularity
of deburring simplifies control, so that statistical methods may he
applied. Several examples for the effect of vibratory finishing are
shown in Figure 8.
Summary
The removal of burrs from die-castings may be carried out very
economically in the vibratory finishing procedure. Design and method
of operation are described. Through the application of vibrators of
spiral design in combination with transport devices, with automated
supply of compounds and with a drying device deburring may be auto-
mated. The devices may be installed in production lines where nec-
essary.
8
O
11C... F 122^t
tt	 i,-,-
^ Ok.
,4p1
Figure 8: Examples for the Deburring Procedure of Vibratory Finishing
Using Various Die-Castings
a;
—A


Deburring die-castings by wet vibratory plant

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