The thermal state of women during the effect of high air temperature and relative humidity with a varying degree of physical loads was studied. Parameters for air temperature, relative humidity, and air movement were established. It was established that in women the thermo-regulatory stress occurs at lower air temperatures and with lower physical loads than in men. The accumulation of heat in women was revealed with lower air temperature than in men. It is concluded that to preserve the normal physiological state of the female organism it is necessary to create more favorable microclimate conditions and decrease the physical loads

Machablishvili, O. G.

English

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0. G. Machablishvili
Translation of "Vliyaniye proizvodstvennogo mikroklimata na teplovoye
sostoyaniye organizma zhenshchin v usloviyakh povyshennykh temperatur
i vlazhnosti vozdukha", Vrachebnoye Delo, No. 6, June 1979, pp 96-98.
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20546	 MARCH 1980
NAM
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Effect of Production Microclimate on Female
S. Repen Dot*
MARCH 1980
a. Performing Ot'eniselien CedeThermal State with Increased Temperatures and
7. Performing Orgenisatian Roper# He.
0. G. Machablishvili
l
10. Work Unit No.
.
11. Contract of Grant No.
NASw• j19$!. Pet1otming Organisation Nam! end Address
SCITRAIv
Box 5456
19. Type of Ryes and Period Coveted
Translltion
14. Sponsorial Agency Oda
13. 3^	 ay ing A •n y Name end Addreae
t
s
ionar leronautics and Space Administration
Wasaingtons D.C.	 20546
13. Svpplemantery NoN!
Translation of "Vliyaniye proizvodstvennogo mikroklimata na teplovoye
sostoyaniye organizma zhenshchin v usloviyakh povysheunykh•,temperatur
i vlazhnosti vozdukha", Vrachebnoye Delo, No. 6, June • 19.79, pp 96-98.
id. A►Nnet'
This is a study of the microclimate requirements, as relates to
the effect of high temperatures and relative humidity, for women
under varying degrees of physical loads. 	 Parameters- for air
temperature, relative humidity and air movement are established.
I
17. Key Words (Satected W Autnertatl	 td. Oittributien Statement
"This copyrighted Soviet work is repro-	 i
duced and sold by NTIS under license
from VAAP, the Soviet copyright agency.
No further copying is permitted without
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Unclassified	 I	 Unclassified	 6
I
UDC 613.646
II+'FEG"I' OF PRODUCTION MICROCLIMATE ON FEMALE THERMAL
STATE WITH INCREASED TEMPERATURES AND AIR HUMIDITY
By
0. G. Machablishvili*
Among the many tasks for improving the working conditions of significant 	 /96**
importance is the creation of the most favorable microclimate, since the problem
of the vital activity of the workers' bodies under different microclimate con-
ditions continues to remain one of the most important and urgent tasks of indus-
trial hygiene, despite the fact that a large number of studies have covered it
(I. S. Kandror, 1966, 1974; V. I. Krichagin, 1966; V. L. Mdinaradze, 1969; M. Ye.
Kurashvili, 1970; G. D. Rasulzade, 1972; A. Ye. Malysheva, 19731 G. Kh. Shakh-
bazyan, F. M. Shleyfman, 1977, et a1.1 Leman, 19S31 Lind, 1960). It needs to
be noted that in the extensive literature on physiology of thermal exchange
and hygiene of the production microclimate there is still insufficient informa-
tion about the peculiarities of the thermoregulation in women in the process of
labor activity.
All that has been stated determined the need for conducting physiological
studies to investigate the peculiarities of the thermal state of women during
the effect of high air temperatures and relative humidity with a varying degree
of physical loads.
The studies were made in a climate chamber with air temperature 18
-380 and
high relative humidity (70-80%) with a varying degree of physical load (light,
medium, heavy), as well as under production conditions of the textile industry
with air temperature 17-33.40, relative humidity 50-80% and rate of air movement
0.34-1.40 m/s.
*
N. I. Makhviladze Scientific Research Institute of Industrial Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases of the Georgian SSR Ministry of F ublic Health (Tbilisi).
**
Numbers in margin indicate pagination in original foreign text.
1
the control group consisted of men
In order to study the functional state of-the thermoregulatory apparatus the
following indices were defined: body temperature, skin temperature, moisture losses,
(perspiration), pulse rate,.weighted average skin temperature, average body temp-
erature, thermal balance, subjective thermal sensations. In the experiment ?5?
man-days of observations were made on 58 subjects, and in production--2140 man-
days of observations on 560 workers.
Based on the conducted studies it was found that under the influence of high
air temperatures and high relative humidity in combination with a varying degree
of fulfillment of physical loads the state of thermoregulation in women has a
number of peculiarities.
It was established that in women the thermoregula.tory stress occurs at lower
air temperatures and with lower physical loads than in men. With an increase in
the air temperature from 18 to 38 0 the main indices of the thermal state (body
temperature, weighted average skin temperature, pulse rate per minute, thermal
sensations and accumulation of heat in the organism) in women reaches considerable
amounts with an increase in the physical loads. Thus, at temperature 38 0 and
with fulfillment of heavy work the pulse rate reaches 159 per minute. The body
temperature is increased to 37.90 , and in individual cases--to 38.20and more. The
increase in the weighted average skin temperature--3.6 0 . The main percentage
of thermal sensations comprise "heat," "hot',' "very hot."
In men under the same conditions the indices for the thermal state were
lower than in woment pulse rate reached 118 per minute, body temperature-- 37.20, /97
and increase in weighted average skin temperature--2.911.
The effect of increased temperatures of air results in an accumulation of heat
in the organism which is indicated by the results of the computation of the thermal
balance. In women the accumulation of heat is revealed with lower air temperature
than in men. The degree of disorder in the thermal balance of women is also
greater (0.85-1.13 kcal/min) than in men (0.60-1.04 kcal/min).
The lower heat accumulation in men is a result in the first place of the
more active heat emission by evaporation (from -40.0 to -172.1 kcal/h) than in
women (from -30.2 to -125.0 kcal/h).
2
In woman under increased temperature and physical loads the heat emission
by convection and radiation is lower: the heat emission by convection is 39.8 or
5.7 kcalfh (in msn--49.0=
 7.7 koalfh), and by radiation--81.81--18.0 kcal/h (in
man--96.81--27.1 kcal/h). This confirms the data that the maintenance of thermal
equilibrium in men is reached more completely (Masuko-Kentso, 19581 Khertig,
Sardzhen, 19631 Vartinitski at al., 19691 Vayon at al., 1972).
The heat accumulations that are the same in magnitude are accompanied by con-
siderably more pronounced physiological reactions of the organism of women. Con-
sequently, to preserve the normal physiological state of the female organism it is
necessary to create more falworable microclimate conditions and decrease the
physical loads.
This conclusion confirms the results of specially conducted studies with the
limit time for fulfillment of physical work by men and women under conditions of
high environmental temperature, Thus, the time for fulfillment of light physical
work with air temperature 37-380 in women was 37 minutes shorter than in men, work
of medium heaviness--36 minutes, and heavy--19 minutes 15 seconds.
Despite-the shorter limit time of work for women under conditions of high
air temperature, the degr3e of change in certain physiological functions was more
pronounced in them.
Consequently, the physiological cost of fulfilling the physical work under
conditions of high temperature is considerably higher for the female organism than
for the male.
This should be considered in developing norms of microclimate for women who
are doing physical work under conditions of a hot climate.
We consider it expedient to recommend reducing the level of permissible air
temperatures for those production rooms where women are primarily working. Based
on experimental studies the upper limit of permissible air temperature for women
fulfilling light work is air temperature 29 0 , and the optimal--20-220 . With the
fulfillment of physical work of average heaviness a level of permissible air
temperature 25 0
 is suggested, and for heavy physical work--200.
As a result of the analysis of the conducted production studies it was
established that in women the thermoregulatory shifts occur earliar than in men,
under the same physical and thermal loads, which indicates the stress of the
thermoregulatory apparatus with lower parameters of the air temperature.
3
Whereas in working men with light work and air temperature 24.0-26.9° the
objective and subjective indices oorrespend to a comfortable thermal state, in
almost 30% of the women a slight stress in the thermoregulatory apparatus is already /98
observed. The indicated difference in the thermoregulatory reactions depending
on sex under identical thermal and physical loads that we found in the production
conditions completely confirmed the results of experimental studies.
Analysis of the findings with respect to the parameters of the environmental
temperature made it possible to isolate the comfortable and permissible temperature
zones corresponding to the normal thermal state of the workers in the textile
industry with regard for the meteorolagical conditions required by technology.
In the production rooms of the textile industry in which the main contingent
of workers is women, the air temperature 17.0-23. 90 corresponds to the comfort zone.
Consequently, the comfort zone under production conditions is broader than the
zone that we established for women under experimental conditions.
With parameters of the air temperature 24.0-26.9 0 , relative humidity 60-70%
and air mobility up to 0.5 m/s almost in 709 of the working women a comfortable
thermal state was observed, and in the others a light degree of stress of the thermo-
regulation was noted. Based on these data one should consider the air temperature
24.0-26.90
 with relative humidity up to 70% and air movement rate up to 0.5 m/s
the permissible.
References
Kr ichagin, V. I. Gigiyena i sanitar ya. No. 4 (1966), p. 65.
Kandror, I. S. Gigiyena i sanitariya, No.l (1966), p. 24.
Mdinaradze, V. L. Mater. III s"yezd gig . i san. vrachey Gruzii ^"Materials of
Third Congress of Hyg. and Sa.n. Physicians of Georgia"_,, 1969, 158.
K urashvili, M. Ye. Author's abstract of doctoral dissertation, Kiev, 1970.
Rasulzade, G. D. Author's abstract of candidate dissertation, Baku, 1972.
Shakhbazyan, G. Kh.{ and Shleyfman, F. 
M.144 ena proizvodstvennogo mikxoklimata["Hygiene of Production Microclimate" , Kiev, 1977.
^qy
(f 3 p q I I G R T .- VitA C- 4c- a NO YP -0 CCO3 / 1 7 7
4


Effect of production microclimate on female thermal state with increased temperature and air humidity

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