The use of the cardioleader method in regulating training loads and tests for athletes in acyclic sports was investigated. It was found that the use of this method increases the effectiveness of the training process

Bondin, V. I.

English

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"CARDIOLSAOM' USE IN ACYCLIC ITPES OF SPORTS
V. I. Bondia
	(NASA-TH-76085) CARDIOLEADER USE I1 ACYCLIC 	 280-24991
MRS OF SPORTS (National Aeronautics and
Space Administration) 11 p HC A02/!!E A01
	
CSCL 06A	 Unclas
65/52 19322
!l^Iatlr of "Rardiolidirovanippa v atsiklicbsskik4 vidakh sporta"
*ad" i Ps W Ike Viaichaskoy Eul'tury, No. 6, June 1979, pp. 34-37.
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WASNIMCM 9 D.C.  20546	 MARCO 19
^`!a ,s^,ss p t.f ,	 .
"ci►^uu}LB^D^t" Usa IN ACYCLIC ITPZS of SPORTS
V. I. BoadJA
-
	
(NASl-TIA-76085) CARDIOLBIDER USE I1 ACYCLIC 	 980-24591
HYPES at SPORTS (National Aeronautics and
Space Administration) 11 p BC A02/KY 1Q1
	
CSCL 06A	 Daclas
65/52 19322
I Pr 
sf "CartioUdItwadire v staikiicbeakiick vidakh sports".
JM naicbmakoy	 'twy, No. 6 9 June 1979, pp. 34-37.
4, ^--
^1=IOML AIM
	 ADD SPAC,B ADMINISTRATION
tB1B	 , D .C. 20546	 mum 19
	
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•	 3.4
STANDARD TITLE PAGE
1,	 Report No —
SA Tai-7608_ S_
 2. Governm"t Accession No. 3.	 Recipient's CNofog No.
s A3 A16 980
e.
	 Title and
 strb ►it1.
11 CARDIOLBADBW' USE IN ACTCIJC TYPES OF 6.	 Per forming orgonil ation
 Cage
SPORTS
7,	 Auther(s)
V. I. Bondin
1.	 Performing Ortonisetion Roport No.
Rostov State Pedagogical Institute 10.	 work unit No.
t'
ca.
	
1r^yt{No.
a/f.7j/ —.7 J79,	 Performing Organisation Nwn• sure Alerees
Lo Kanner Associates
Radeood City, California	 94063
1 3.	 Type of Report and Period Covered
Translation
12.	 Sponsoring Agency Noma and Address
National Aerosautics and Space Adminis- lI,	 sponsoring Agency Cede
tration	 Washington, D.C.	 20546
1S. suppbwe"tary Natoe
Translation of 11Kardiolidirovaniye v stsiklicheskikh vidakh
sports"	 Teoripa 3 Praktika Fizicheskoy Kul'tury, No. 6,
June 109	 3344_7,	 pp.
16.	 Abstroct
We studied the use of the cardioleader method in regulating
training loads and tests for athletes in acyclic sports.
We determined that the use of this method increases the ef-
fectiveness of the training process.
17,	 Key Words (Selected by Author(s)'
	 11.	 Distribution Statement
"This copyrighted Soviet work is repro-
duced and sold by NTIS under license
from VAAP, the Soviet copyright agency.	
i
No further copying is permitted without
permission from VAAP."
19.	 Security Clossif, (of this rsportr
	 N.	 leevrny t.rasut, to, "' . 0 yvv.,	 ..,. or raga	 22.	 Price
Unclassified	 Unclassified	 11	 `^
NASA-H;
STANDARD TITLE PAGE
?.	 Repot_ No.
	
2.	 Govornment Accession No.
NASA TK-76_085
3.	 Recipient's Catalog No.
S' 1'li	 1 
pQo}e19804,	 Title and subtitle 
"CARD10LEADEV USE IN ACYCLIC TYPES OF 6.	 Performing Organisation Cod.
SPORTS
7.	 Author($) 8.	 Performing Organisation Report No.
V. I. BondinRostov State Pedagogical Institute 1 0.	 Work Unit No.
11
C an
11. Nfl^fi — Lr7yNa.9.	 Performing Organisation Nam. and Address
Leo Kanner Associates
Redwood City, California	 94063
13.	 Type of Report end Period Covered
Translation
12. Sponsoring Agency Nome and Address
National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- 14.	 Sponsoring Agency Code
tration, Washington, D.C.	 20546
15. Supplementary Notes
Translation of "Kardiolidirovaniye v stsiklicheskikh vidakh
sports",	 Tsoriyya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kul'tury, No. 6,
June 1979s pp. 34-37.
16.	 Abstract
We studied the use of the cardioleader method in regulating
training loads and tests for athletes in acyclic sports.
We determined that the use of this method increases the ef-
fectiveness  of the training process.
17.	 Key Words (Selected by Author($)) 	 18.	 Distribution Statement
"This copyrighted Soviet work is repro-
duced and sold by NTIS under license
from VAAP, the Soviet copyright agency.
No further copying is permitted without
permission from VAAP."
19.	 Security Clossif. (of this ropor p	 N.	 "eurny _165611. tot tm. P .W..	 ..u. or raga	 122.	 Price
Unclassified	 Unclassified	 it
"ASA rr.
"CARDIOLEADER" USE IN ACYCLIC TYPES OF SPORTS
V. 1. Bondin
Rostov State Pedagogical Institute
Methods of automated control are an important part of the peda-
	 34*
gogical monitoring of sportsmen [3, 5, 6]. In this work we present
results of the use of a cardioleader in acyclic (team) sports.
i
s
In our investigations we solved the following problems: the ap-
plication of the cardioleader method to conditions of acyclic move-
ments in sportsmen; the development of informative and reliable car-
dioleader tests for monitoring the preparation of sportsmen.
The method: The cardioleader which has been developed [7] makes
it possible to program the range of pulse rates, from the lower limit
(PRl) to the upper limit (PRu). In training with the cardioleader
the sportsman hears low tone signals if his pulse rate is lower than
PR1 and high tone signals if his pulse rate PR; PRu. The limits of
the programmed PR :cone are established in connection with training or
testing, depending on the type of sport and the individual character-
istics of the sportsman. A radiotelemetric system was used to moni-
tor the precision of the cirdioprograms.
The test method was based on an artificial conversion of acyclic
training exercises to quasicyclic ones. For example, the soccer play-
* Numbers in the margin indicate pagination in the foreign text.
1
or is instructed to perform a set number of test combinations several
times over an assigned PR range. The number of goals and the time
taken to perf^wt the tasks were measured. In order to evaluate the
technique of handling the ball, the sportsman performed a single test
combination at an assigned tachycardia level, at first with the ball
and then without it; the results were processed by the regression re -
s idua 1 method [1].
Results and discussion: Eight cardioleader tests were selected
and six of then may be recommended for practical application; they
are described in Table 1.
The reliability of the tests was verified by repeated testing
[8,9]. The reliability of two component tests (tests 1, 2, 6 0 7 and
8 in Table 1) was evaluated for each component individually ana for
the test as a whole. In the latter case, the evaluation of the total
test results was calculated as follows: Ap = c tAt + cpAp where A t and
A  were the time and precision of the test components in a ranked ex-
pression and ct and c  were the weighted coefficients, taken to equal
1.
The reliability of the cardioleader tests was verified in two
skilled teams and a junior team at the beginning and at the end of
the preparation period (in February and in April). It was established
that neither the qualification nor the age of the sportsman exerts a
pronounced effect on the reliability coefficient. The limits and es-
timates of the reliability coefficients are shown in Table 2.
2
TABLE 1
CARDIOLEADER TESTS FOR EVALUATING THE SPECIAL PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL
PREPARATION OF THE SPORTSMEN
Test
num-
ber
Sport
Programmed
PR zone,
beats /min.
Test assign-
ment
r
f re - 1
ti-
ions(n) or
ime
aken
0
lfil
ask
Test
results
Evaluated
feature
1 Soc- Juggling the Time Special phy-
cer ball with al- spent and sical pre-
ernate rais- number of paration and
'ng of left goals precision of
nd right leg shot
-om center
f field to
malty line
ith subse -
uent shot to
oa 1 and re —
n=10
urn to center
ie ld .
Soc- 180_,.' ndling the Time Special phy-2 cer lall around spent and s ica'. pre -
ive posts, number of partition and
hot at the goals precision of
oat and re - shot
urn to the
°_4
nitial posi-
ion.
Soc- hots at the r-1
3 cer pal from the nin.lac-^^ enalty line
ith 5 meter
pproach
4 Soc — 150-1 'ask at point Regres- Technique of
cer and after a sion re- handling the
est a smooth siduals ball
n along the measured
ame trajec - +10
10
in corre -
ory without lation
he ball field
5 Soc- ask at point with co- Technique of
cer 1ao-_:' and after a ;_ ordinate a: viand ling the
est a smooth time for ball
n along the task with
ame trajec- ball, tim
ory without without
Test	 I
results
Evaluated
featuret re -
eti-
ions
a) or
ine
TABLE 1
Test
num- Sport)
ber
Progras ed Test assign-
PR zone ,meat
beats/ain.
1
i
nin .
n=io
r,= 4`.
he ball
ask at point
and after a
eat at point
ndling ball150
	 round 6 posts,
hot to goal
nd return to
nitial posi-
ion.
row to goal
18°—'i` 
Fine
th approach
om 9 meter
the ball,
time	 Special phy-
spent at sical pre-
task at paration
points 1
and 2
Time
	
Speeiao" phy-
spent and sicai pre-
number of paration and
goals	 precision of
shot
Number of
throws
and per-
cent of
goals
6 ' Soc-
cer
Hand-
7	 ball
Hand-
ball
8
TABLE 2
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES FOR THE RELIABILITY COEFFICIENTS OF CARDIO-
LEADER TESTS IN SOCCER
Re liabillty coeffIcient
Test numbet Component Reliability
minimum maximum estimate [9]
Time Excellent
Precision 0,95 	 0.99 Poor
General evaluatio o,	 1	 0.89o,si	 (	 0.89	 ^ Poor-acceptableP
2 T 0.82	 0,93	 i Acceptable-very
 
d
Precision 0,08	 1	 0,63 Poor
General evalustio 0,140	
1	
0.82 Poor-acceptable
4
TABLE 2
liability coefficient
Yost numbe	 Component
	 Reliability
1	 r; in is= maximum	 estimate [9]
	neral evaluation	 Poor
	
¢ neral evaluation	 0.54	 0.64	 Poor
	
s neral evaluation	 0;81 	 o70	 Acceptable
	
'^'< <180	 0.95	 0.99	 Excellent
	
Isc'< PR <210	
0.82	 0.93	
Acceptable -very
good
The question of the informativeness of the tests for team sports
has traditionally been difficult to solve because the various roles
of the players predstermine various approaches to monitoring their
level of mastery [10].
We selected a wethod for evaluating the informativeness of a
criterion for placing a sportsman in a given qualification group [2,
4]. In this case the informativeness of the criterion is identified
With a "variable potential" test and the informativeness coefficient
may be computed [4], for example, by the formula:
M _ N ,
m n
where m is the size of the more qualified group; n is the size of the
less qualified group; M is the number of sportsmen from the more qua-
lified group whose results are higher than the best result shown for
the less qualified sportsmen; N is the number of sportsmen from the
less qualified group whose results are higher than the worst results
5
for the sore qualified sportsmen.
Table 3 shcwis the informativeness coefficients (variable poten-
tial) of three cardioleader tests computed from results of investi-
gating the SUA and SRVO (Rostov-on-Don) soccer teams at the beginning
and end of the training period.
TABLE 3
INFORMATIVENESS INDICES OF CARDIOLEADER TESTS WITH SKA TEAM PLAYERS
FOR VARIOUS TRAINING PERIODS
Beginning of training period End of training period
Test 1 Test 2 Test 6 Test 1 Test 2 Test 6
,,67 0,2, ?,6; 1,00 0.7^ i	 1,00
With an increase in the preparativeness and qualifications of the
players, their physical conditions approach some common value defined
by the class of the team (Table 4). We propose to call the qualita-
tive measure of the uniformity of the physical potentials of the team
players the physical uniformity coefficient (u.c.):
where Di is the interindividual dispersion of results for players in
a single team shown for each component in the battery of tests.
35
In the case in which the composite test consists of two compo-
6
TABLE 4}
VALUES OF THE UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENTS FOR THE SBA AND SKVO TEAMS AT
THE BBGIMING (FEBRUARY) AND END (APRIL) OF THE TRAINING PERIOD
SKA
Month
Test 1	 Test 2 Test 6	 Test 1 Test 2 Test 6
February	 2,96	 3,301	 i	 !	 2.2G ^ ^-
April	 ^2.226
1
Note. If we use a linear ten point scale to evaluate test results the
limiting values of the uniformity coefficient are the same: 0 -- for
ideal uniformity when the physical potentials of all the players are
equal, 10 -- in the worst case when the interindividual variation in
test results is greatest.
nents,
It was established with statistical reliability during the peda-
iioleader tests and
additional increase
The cardioleader
training program
they concentrate it
gogical experiment that the regular use of care
training during the preparation period assures an
in the special physical preparativeness indices.
training and tests are organically woven into the
and do not delay its natural progression; instead
and make it more goal directed and effective.
Conclusions.	 36
1. The cardioleader method is suitable for regulating training
loads and tests for sportsmen in acyclic sports; its use increases the
effectiveness of the training process.
7
2. The reliable and informative cardioleader tests are designed
for nwitoring the special physical preparation of the soccer players.
3. 7he degree of uniformity in the physical potentials of sporta-
men may be evaluated from the physical uniformity coefficient for
the teat.
—_	 8
II
Te02,r4
kV1,rVAI
F'j-x I c.4{sk o y
N
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9


Cardioleader use in acyclic types of sports

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