The possible use of different methods to evaluate the autonomic regulation in hygienic studies were examined. The simplest and most objective tests were selected. It is shown that the use of the optimized standards not only makes it possible to detect earlier unfavorables shifts, but also permits a quantitative characterization of the degree of impairment in the state of the organism. Precise interpretation of the observed shifts is possible. Results indicate that the standards can serve as one of the criteria for evaluating the state and can be widely used in hygienic practice

Bomshteyn, O. Z.

Doskin, V. A.

Gissen, L. D.

Merkin, E. N.

Sarychev, S. B.

English

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a	 i	 (NASA -TM-76321) ORTHOCLINOSTATIC TEST AS
ONE OF THE METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE HUTAN
	
N80-32070
FUNCTIONAL STATE (National Aeronautics andSPace Adainistration) 8 P HC AD2/MF A01 Unclas
CSCL 06P G5/52 28683
NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 	 NASA TM-16321
ORTHOCLINOSTATIC TEST AS ONE OF THE METHODS FOR
EVALUATING THE HUMAN FUNCTIONAL STATE
Candidate of Medical Sciences V. A. Doskin,
Doctor of Medical Sciences L. D. Gissen, Candidate
of Biological Sciences 0. Z. Bomshteyn, E. N. Merkin,
and S. B. Sarychev
Translation of "Ortoklinostaticheskaya proba kak odin
iz metodov otsenki funktsional'nogo sostoyaniya chelo-
veka," Gigiyena i sanitariya, No. 4 (April), 1979, pp.
41-44.
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WASHINGTON D.C. 20546	 AUGUST 1980
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1. Reprt Me. 2. oeeemneM Accession Me. 21 Recipient's Cetelec me.
NASA TM-76321
A. Tide end Se►tide S. Reps Dots
ORTHOCLINOSTATIC TEST AS ONE OF THE METHODS AUGUST 1980
4' Pe.IonalM ort" eelleo CedeFOR EVALUATING THE HUMAN FUNCTIONAL STATE
7. Aether(a
Z. BOmshteV. A. Doskin, L. D. Gissen, 0. 	 yn S• re►ferwas oro«asetien Rep ►t No.
E. N. Merkin and S. B. SArychev
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.SCITRAN NASW-3198
12. Type of Rpat onA Pend CoveredBox 5456
Santa Barbara, CA 93108 Translation
12. Soenserine Agency Nose end Actress'
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Washington, D.C.	 20546 14. Spe"eringApneyCede
1S. Sp^l«seot«y Neese	 Translation of "Ortoklinostaticheskaya proba kak odin
iz metodov otsenki funktsional'nogo sostoyaniya cheloveka", Gigiyena
i sanitariya, No. 4 (April), 1979, pp. 41-44
16. Aeerr.er	 This is a discussion of a special study, whose' first stage
examined the possible use of different methods to evaluate the
autonomic regulation in hygienic studies.. 	 We tried to select
the aimplest and most objective tests.
As shown by the first results, the'.use of the new standards
not only makes it possible to detect earlier unfavorable shifts, but
also permits a quantitative characterization of the degree of
impairment in the state of the organism. '' Here precise interpretation
of the observed shiftti is possible.
Thus, the standards can serve as one of the'criteria for
evaluating the state and can be widely used.in hygienic practice.
17. Key Wer4a (Select" by Author(s)) 1S. Dlet►I►etwe StNeiseat
THIS COPYRIGHTED SOVIET WORK IS REPRO_
DUCED AND SOLD BY NTIS UNDER LICENSE
FROG' VAAP, THE SOVIET COPY^IGHT AGENCY
NO FURTHER COPYING IS PERMITTED WITH-
OUT PERMISSION FROM VAAP.'
It. Seeefify Ciessil. (el this rep") 20. Soewiry Cloeeii. (e( IM* p"*) 21• No. of Ppes 22.
8
STANDARD TITLE PAGE
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1
R•:
UDC 612.89-08:612/763
ORTHOCLINOSTATIC TEST AS ONE OF THE METHODS FOR
EVALUATING THE HUMAN FUNCTIONAL STATE
Candidate of Medical Sciences V. A. Doskin, Doctor
of Medical Sciences L. D. Gissen, Candidate of
Biological Sciences 0. Z. Bomshteyn, E. N. Merkin,
and S. B. Sarychev*
Study of the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system is widely used in 	 /41**
hygienic practice; its functional state reflects the degree of emotional stress
and the nature of the energy supply for the functions (A. M. Veyn; M. R. Mogen-
dovich). For a further 1levelopment and perfection in the methods of studying the
autonomic nervous system we undertook a special study, whose first stage
examined the possible use of different methods to evaluate the autonomic regu-
lation in hygienic studies. We tried to select the simplest and most objective
tests. One of them is the clinostatic reflex of Danielopulo and the ortho-
static reflex of Prevel that can be µnited into a single orth©clinostatic test.
It has been established that the posture-autonomic reactions have multiple-
component afferentation (proprioceptive, vestibular, exteroceptive, visceral).
They are implemented by means cif reflexes from baroreceptors and motor-visceral
reflexes, and in the normal condition of the organism the motor reflexes dominate
over the visceral (M. R. Mogendovich.; Zh. Sherer). The precise mechanism for
this reflex is not known, but there are indications of its complicated vestibulo-
stem-hypothalamo-cardiovascular nature (G. P. Guba).
Passive and active versions exist for the orthoclinostatic test. In the
first the subject is rotated on a special turning table, and in the second he
independently alters and actively maintains the adopted posture. It is
*Institute of Children and Adolescent Hygiene of the USSR Ministry of
Public Health, Moscow; All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Physical
Culture, Moscow.
**Numbers in margin indicate pagination in original foreign text.
1
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evident that in the active test the cardiovascular system is affected by a greater
number of factors than in the passive. However, the conducting of the latter
requires additional equipment.
Evaluation of the shifts in the active version of the test is difficult
according to the extant standards. Considerable pulse oscillations are accepted
in them as the normal: slowing down of the pulse by 4 -6 beats per minute during
the transition from the vertical position to the horizontal, and increase in
frequency by 6-24 beats per minute during the transition from the horizontal
position to the vertical (G. P. Guva; G. V. Arkhaagel'skiy). These norms are
mainly directed towards detecting the pronounced pathology, therefore they do
not permit a quantitative diagnosis of different changes in the functional state
of a healthy person.
Taking into consideration the possible effect on the standards of certain
social and biological factors (these norms have not been reviewed in over 30
years) and desiring to perfect the standards, we set ourselves the task of formu-
lating new standardized indicators for evaluating the orthoclinostatic test.
In order to work out new standards 214 practically healthy students were tested
(107 men and 10 women) in age from 17 to 29 representing a homogeneous sampling.
All the studies were conducted at the same time, 1^-2 hours after eating.
We tested different versions of conducting the orthoclinostatic test, as
a result of which we empirically selected the most applicable plan for hygienic
studies. Before the orthoclinostatic test the subjects sat for several minutes, /43
then stood for 3-4 minutes for complete adaptation to this pose. Then they
snitched to the lying position. Within 1 min. 40 s the subjects stood up. The
pulse rate was recorded by palpation in 20-second time intervals: in the initial
position standing, in the first 20 s after switching to the lying position, in
1 min. 20 s of stay in a horizontal position, and in the first 20 s after standing
up. The need for repeated measurement of the pulse in the lying position was due
to the fact that only by the end of the stay in this posture did stabilization
of the cardiac contraction rate occur. In 37 people in this time interval the
arterial pressure (AP) was measured. All the data obtained in the examination
were processed on a computer. During the transition from the vertical to the
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horizontal position a certain increase occurred in the systolic and drop in the
diastolic AP in the subjects. During standing up a reliable increase was
observed in the systolic and diastolic AP, while the frequency of cardiac con-
tractions dropped in the lying position and rose in 	 standing up (table 1).
The values for the correlation coefficients between the 8 series of indicators
of the pulse in two independent samplings (men and women) fluctuated from 0.03
to 0.18 (absence of a link) and only in single cases was a moderate link observed
(correlation coefficients from 0.3 to 0.32). Within each sampling, the cor-
relation coefficients were considerably higher--from 0.43 to 0.75 (from moderate
to considerable link). Based on a comparison of the latter between the series
of two independent samplings and in each of them one can draw a conclusion on the
presence of a considerable link between the pn1se rate in different positions.
The distribution of probabilities for the values of the difference in the
number of pulse be is during the change of body position in the majority of cases
was bimodal, which indicates the effect on the organism's reaction of at least two
factors: excitation of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. In
different people in the given time activation of a certain section of the nervous
system can dominate.
As shown by an analysis of the distribution curves, as well as an evaluation
of the values for the coefficients of asymmetry and excess (see table 1), the
grouped indices for the rate of cardiac contractions are not subordinate to
the law of normal distribution. There were deviations from it in the organized
series of values for the differences in pulse rate between the different
measurement moments, therefore to work out the standards we dwelt on the percentile
method (D. Glass and 0. Stenli; D. Sepetliyev). As is known, the method of per-
centiles, one of the types of nonparametrical analysis, is being used more and
more in working out different standards, since it is applicable almost to any
forms of distribution.
In order to determine the norms, our data were grouped in intervals that
were uniformly separate from each other, and to obtained the corresponding
percentiles the following formula was used:
4
PXM H+-rE.
Where Px
--unknown percentile, H--lower boundary of interval in which the unknown
percentile is located, C--number of cases that it is required to add to the
cumulative series of cases of the prepercentile interval in order to obtain
the ordinal number of the percentile case, K--number of cases of the percentile
interval, E--size of the percentile interval.
In practice, only some of the percentiles are used most often: 
P3' P10,
P25' P50 , P75' P90 and P97' therefore we presented all the results for the change
in pulse rate during the transition from one position to another in the form of
a discrete seven-interval scale separately for men and women (table 2).
Table 2. Intervals of Standards
Difference in pulse rate in 20 s with
change in body position between
poses
Standing and lying
Standing and lying in 1 min 20 s
Lying and standing
Lying in 1 min 20 s and standing
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Note:. Numerator--indices for men, denominator--for women.
It is apparent from table 2 that conditionally isolated standard (increase or /44
decrease in pulse rate in boundaries from P 25 to P75 ) is almost the same for men
and women. The difference in the pulse oscillations between the men and women is
sharply increased only towards the extreme percentiles. This indicates the
correctness of formulating standards with regard for the sex, although for
approximate studies it is sufficient to isolate the zone of normal oscillations
of the pulse in the orthostatic test without consideration for the sex.
A change in pulse in the limits of the isolated standard can indicate
the resistance of the organism to the orthoclinostatic load, which in turn is
an adequate indicator of the circulatory system regulation.
5
As shown by the first results, the use of the new standards not only makes it
possible to detect earlier unfavorable shifts. but also permits a quantitative
characterization of the degree of impairment in the state of the organism.
Here precise interpretation of the observed shifts is possible (A. M. Veyn; L. G.
Gruyeva).
Thus, the standards can serve as one of the criteria for evaluating the
state and can be widely used in hygienic practice.
References
Arkhangel'skiy, G. V. Rukovodstvo k_ prakticheskim zan ati am .po nevropatologii
["Handbook for Practical Studies on Neuropathology ], Moscow, 1971.
Veyn, A. M. Lektsiya po nevrologii nespetsificheskikh sistem moz a ["Lectures
on Neurology of Nonspecific Cerebral Systems"], Moscow, 1974.
Glass, D.; and Stenli, 0. Statistichekiye metody v ep dagoQike_i psikhol ii_
["Statistical Methods in Pedagogy and Psychology"], Moscow, 1976.
Gruyeva, L. G. gj	 i san., No. 4,(9167), p. 105-108.
Guba, G. P. ,)evrologicneskiy simDtomy, sindromy i funktsional'nvve proby
["Neurological Symptoms, Syndromes and Functional Tests"], Kiev, 1969.
Mogendovich, M. R. _Lektsii k) fiziologii motorno-vistseral'noy regulytsii
["Lectures on the Physiology of Motor-Visceral Regulation"]. Perm', 1972.
Sepetliyev, D. Statisticheskiye metody v nauchnykh meditsinskikh issledovaniyakh
["Statistical Methods in Scientfic Medical Studies", M(scow, 1968.
Sherer, Zh. in Fiziologiya truda ["Physiology of Labor"], Moscow, 1973,p. 140.
C-I C I y17ti'A	 1	 j1N ^1 -)o i y,4	 /`1
6


Orthoclinostatic test as one of the methods for evaluating the human functional state

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