The preliminary design of the Information Adaptive System is presented. The role of the microprocessor in the implementation of the individual processing elements is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on multispectral image data processing

Kelly, W. L., IV

Meredith, B. D.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

THE ROLE OF THE MICROPROCESSOR IN ONBOARD
IMAGE PROCESSING FOR THE INFORMATION ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
W. Lane Kelly, IV, and Barry D. Meredith
Langley Research Center
Hampton, Virginia
The Information Adaptive System (IAS) is an element of the NASA End-to-
End Data System program and is focused toward high speed onboard data pro-
cessing for NASA missions in the 1980's. Particular emphasis is placed on
multispectral-image data processing since the speed and quantity of that variety
of data places the greatest burden on the current NASA data system. Some of the
image processing functions planned for the IAS include sensor nonuniformity
correction, geometric correction, data editing, formatting, packetization
and adaptive system control.
The design of the IAS is intended to apply to a variety of future missions;
therefore, architectural flexibility is a key design feature. The programmability
of the microprocessor lends this required flexibility to the system, allowing
it to accommdate new processing functions and interface with a variety of sensor
configurations. .The high throughput rate required for multispectral image data
processing prohibits the use of conventional computer software approaches
without significant increases in the speed of the central processing unit. Hence,
a combination of high speed special purpose hardware and microprocessors for
control and computational support, appears to offer the best technical approach
for the near term. In addition, a sophisticated microprocessor will serve as
the overall system supervisor interfacing with commands from the spacecraft
and the ground. .
.This paper presents the preliminary design of the Information Adaptive System
and discusses the role of the microprocessor in the implementation of the
individual processing elements.
37
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810003142 2020-03-21T16:10:47+00:00Z
THE CURRENT NASA DATA SYSTEM PROBLEM
• EVER INCREASING DEMAND MET WITH PROBLEM BY PROBLEM
SOLUTIONS.
• CURRENT DATA LOAD - 10" bits/day.
• DATA PROCESSING DELAYS ARE EXCESSIVE.
• DATA PROCESS ING COSTS ARE TOO HIGH.
• FORTHCOMING PROJECTS WILL INCREASE DATA LOAD BY AN
ORDER OF MAGNITUDE.
• SHUTTLE CAPABILITY WILL BOOST LAUNCH RATE BY FACTOR
OF 6.
NEEDS?H-INFORMATION ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
GOAL: DESIGN, DEVELOP AND DEMONSTRATE IN EARLY 1983
A SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE THAT UTILIZES ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH-SPEED MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE
DATA PROCESS ING.
DESIGN
FEATURES: • HIGH DATA THROUGHPUT RATE
• PROGRAM/VIABILITY
• FLEXIBLE ARCHITECTURE
• ADAPTABILITY
38
IAS DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
DISTRIBUTIVE DATA BUS
RADIO/METRIC
CALIBRATION
GEOMETRIC
CORRECTION
MP
CONTROLLER
DATA SET
SELECTOR
(EDITOR)
MP
CONTROLLER
FORMATTER
MP
CONTROLLER
PACKETIZER
MP
CONTROLLER
MP
CONTROLLER
ADAPTIVE SYSTEM CONTROLLER
TEST SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
-SPACECRAFT DATA/ COMMANDS
STATAS/DATA
RADIOMETRIC CORRECTION - LINEAR CURVE
FIT APPROACH
DIGITAL
SENSOR
INPUT
DATA
INPUT
DATA
CLOCK
CORRECTED
OUTPUT
DATA
39
LOOKUP TABLE DESIGN FOR RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION
INPUT
SENSOR
DATA S
W
ADDRESS
BUS
LOOKUP
TABLE
MEMORY
PIA
MC6800
SYSTEM
MEMORY
S
W
I
T
C
H
E
S
CORRECTED
OUTPUT
DATA
DATA
BUS
SOURCES OF DISTORTION IN IMAGE DATA AND THEIR
CORRESPONDING ERROR MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
EPHEMERIS VARIATIONS -GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
SPACECRAFT AHITUDE
VARIATIONS
SENSOR MISALIGNMENT
EARTH CURVATURE
-ADVANCED STAR TRACKER
•PERIODIC GROUND CALIBRATION
-GPS WITH LOCAL EARTH RADIUS
INFORMATION
40
GEOMETRIC CORRECTION
INPUT
MATRIX
PIXEL
CENTERPOIIMTS
f
f
I
L.
OUTPUT
MATRIX
O
X—
GEOMETRIC CORRECTION PROCESSING
FROM
ASC
RADIOMETRICALLY
CORRECTED
INPUT PIXELS
ATTITUDE
EPHEMERIS
LOCAL RADIUS
ALIGNMENT
ERROR •
SPECIAL PURPOSE RESAMPLING
HARDWARE
• APPLIES CUB 1C CONVOLUTION
ALGORITHM TO INPUT PIXELS
• PERFORMS ALONG TRACK AND
ACROSS TRACK RESAMPLING
CONTROL
l\ UNDISTORTED
-/OUTPUT PIXELS
DISTORTION
PARAMETERS
SOPHISTICATED GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSOR
• PERFORMS COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS
• SUPPLIES DISTORTION PARAMETERS .
• CONTROLS RESAMPLING HARDWARE
41
EDITING CRITERIA UNDER INVESTIGATION
FOR THE IAS
TIME
SPACECRAFT POSITION
INFORMATION FROM OTHER EXPERIMENTS
CLOUD COVER
IMPLEMENTATION OF CLOUD DETECTION ALGORITHM
BAND1
1.55 urn'
BAND 2
0.65 urn
BAND 3 .
0.85 ym
RATIO AND THRESHOLD
S.P. HARDWARE
HIGHSPEED
MULT. AND
COMPARATOR
CIRCUITS
PlXft COUNTER
MP BASED CONTROLLER
TO
42
BUFFER MEMORY SYSTEM FOR DATA FORMATTING
INPUT
DATA
SWITCHING CIRCUITRY
MEMORY
A
MEMORY
B
SWITCHING CIRCUITRY
MICROPROCESSOR
FORMATTED
OUTPUT
DATA
NASA DATA PACKET FORMAT
h PRIMARYHEADER SECONDARYHEADER SOURCEDATA PACKET _|PARITY"!
SOURCE I.D.
MISSION I.D.
PACKET LENGTH
ETC.
• } 1
ANCILLARY DATA:
TIME/SPACECRAFT
POSITION AND ATTITUDE
ETC.
— < (
) J
VARIABLE
LENGTH PROCESSED
DATA
-( I...
ERROR
CODES
43
HIGH SPEED PING-PONG MEMORY APPROACH TO DATA
PACKETIZATION
 3_s
PROCESSED
DATA >
INPUT
[SWITCHES |
PING-PONG
MEMORIES
CONTROLLER
U
F
F
E
R
S
[SWITCHES!
PACKET
PARAMETER
MEMORY
SWITCHING AND
CONTROL
MICROPROCESSOR
PACKETIZED
DATA
ADAPTIVE SYSTEM CONTROLLER TASKS
• INITIALIZE INDIVIDUAL CONTROLLERS
• ASSIST CONTROLLERS IN INITIALIZATION OF IAS COMPONENTS
• ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN OPERATING MODE
• MONITOR STATUS OF ALL IAS COMPONENTS
• FORMULATE ERROR MESSAGES
• MAINTAIN COMMUNICATION WITH SPACECRAFT AND GROUND
• PROVIDE COMPUTATIONAL SUPPORT TO IAS MODULES
44
ADAPTIVE SYSTEM CONTROLLER DESIGN
FEATURES
SOPHISTICATED MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
ADAPTABLE
EXPANDABLE
COMPATABLE WITH HIGH ORDER LANGUAGE
45


The role of the microprocessor in onboard image processing for the information adaptive system

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