Functional and morphological manifestations of adrenal cortex response to hypodynamia (2-hr immobilization on an operating table) under the influence of bromine preparations were studied. The sodium bromide was administered intraperitoneally in 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg doses once and repeatedly during ten days. The adrenal gland was evaluated functionally by ascorbic acid and cholesterol content and morphologically by coloring it with hematoxylin-eosin and Sudans for lipid revealing at freezing. Results are displayed in two tables and microphotographs. They are summarized as follows: the bromine weakens the functional state of the adrenal cortex in intact rats, causing changes similar to those under stress. During immobilization combined with preliminary bromine administration, a less pronounced stress reaction is noticeable

Kirichek, L. T.

Zholudeva, V. I.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

General Disclaimer 
One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document 
 
 This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the 
organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as 
much information as possible. 
 
 This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was 
furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy 
available. 
 
 This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, 
which have been reproduced in black and white. 
 
 This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. 
 
 Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some 
of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original 
submission. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800008459 2020-03-21T19:19:19+00:00Z
rNASA TECIiNICAL MEMORANDUM
	 NASA TM
-75953
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS
OF RAT ADRENAL-CORTEX RESPONSE TO SODIUM BROMIDE
ADMINISTRATION UNDER HYPODYNAMIC STRESS
L. T. Kirichek, V. I. Zholudeva
Translation of: "IIorfofunktsional'nyye proyavleniya
reaktsii kory nadpochechnikov krys na vvedeniye bro-
mida natriya v usloviyakh gi podinamicheskogo stressa,"
Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya, Vol. 38, No. 6, Nov.-
Dec. 1975, PP. 703-706.
(VISA-Tm-7590 !MORPHOLOGI CAL AND FUNCTIONAL
HANIPESTATIONS OT RAT IDErvat-CORTEY
RESPONSE TO SODIQ!! BROMID? ADMINISTRATTON
ONDER HTFODYnHIC STRESS (National
Aeronautics and Space adgiaistration) 12 p
1180-16719
unclas
63/51 46921
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546	 14OVEMBER 1979
E
FF
s.r
.i
MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF
RAT ADRENAL CORTEX RESPONSE TO $ODIUM BROMIDE
ADMINISTRATION UNDER HYPODYNAMIC STRESS
bf
1	 L. T. Kirichek and V. I. Zholudeva
Department of Pharmacology (Head: Professor N. S.
Kharchenko) and Department of Pathological Anatomy
(Head: Doctor of Medical Sciences A. F. Yakovtsova)
of the Kharkov Medical Institute
Functional and morphological manifestations of
adrenal cortex response to hypodynamia (2-hour immo-
bilization on an operating table) under the influence
of bromine preparations were studied in experiments on
132 rats. The sodium bromide was administered intra-
peritoneally in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg doses once and
repeatedly during 10 days. The adrenal gland was
analyzed functionally by ascorbic acid and cholesterol
content, and morphologically by staining with hemato-
xylin-eosin and Sudans for lipid detection at freezing.
Results are displayed in two tables and in microphoto-
graphs. They are summarized as follows: the bromine
weakens the functional state of the adrenal cortex in
intact rats, causing changes similar to those under
stress. During immobilization combined with prelimi-
nary bromine administration, a less pronounced stress
reaction is noticeable.
It is known that the processes of self-regulation can be 	 /703 *
the object of pharmacological influence to the same measure as
the specific functions of individual systems and organs (N. V.
Lazarev, 1962; I. I. Brekhman and 0. I. Kirillov, 1965; 0. I.
Numbers in margin indicate pagination in original foreign text.
1
,1
XIrillov, 1966; V. M. Vinogradov, 1973; Ye.. A. Mukhin and E. B.
Keptya, 1973). This acquires especial importance in stress when
the activity of the adaptive mechanisms is intensified (d. Sel'ye,
1960; P. K. Anokhin, 1965; P. D. 0orizontov and T. N. Protasova,
1968). The effect-i of r;-.e neurotropic resources of damping type
of action must be the host adequate to this state.
Previously we demonstrated that in the central action of
bromine a definite role is played by its effect on the limbic-
reticular structure of the brain that refers to the processes
of self-regulation (L. T. Kirichek and P. V. Voloshin, 1973).
This was reflected in the reducon'in endurance of intact
animals to the effect of such external factors as overheating,
overcooling, physical load and rotation, as well as in the
attenuation in the pronounced nature of stress in animals
exposed to stretching (L. T. Kirichek, 1971).
The task of this work included study of the functional
and morphological manifestations of the adrenal cortex reaction
under the influence of bromine preparations in animals under
immobilization, since hypodynamia is one of the main problems
of the pathological physiology of modern extreme states (P. P.
Qolikov, M. A. Medvedev, 1969; K. M. Smirnov, 1970; B. M. Fedorov
et al., 1973).
Methods of Study
Experioents were made on 132 albino rats weighing 100-150 g.
Sodium bromide was administered intragastrically in the form of
1-5 and 10% aqueous solution in doses that acted on the thera-
peutic level in the animals (I. P. Zapadnyuk et al., 1974). The
substance was administered in different doses (100, 250, 500 mg/
kg) once or repeatedly for 10 days; studies were made in different
times (within 1, 2,3 and 4 h after single administration and at
the end of the 10-day experiment) on intact animals (I series)
4
2
.7
K
Y
-and refs =tapoaed	 tfC `i'4 -#mmobi2isation dn an op ^ 3 g
Amble UZ_'a es)	 ►3aufis rt2id	 i	 d .t p! i l o	 ot1 i =
of sodium chloride-lMer
 analogous conditions ,e0eed as the =
control.
The functional state of the adrenal: •glands was analyzed
according to the content in them of aseob63k'A61d bg` ie Yglroh
et al. method (1933) and cholesterol by the Engel t ilardt method
(N. N. Pushkina, 1963). Jn addition to this a morphological
method was used to study the adrenak.,glands with staining by
hematoxylin-eosin, picrofuehsin (vaaQieson),.as well as Sudan--
III and Black Sudan B to detect lipids curing freezing.
Results
j
	
	 As is apparent from table 1, the administration of bromine
to intact animals weakened the functional state of the adrenal
cortex which was indicated by an increase in the content in them
of ascorbic acid and reduction in the cholesterol level.
I _.'
Table 1	 /704
EFFECT OF SODIUM BROMIDE ON CONTENT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND CHOLES-
TEROL IN ADRENAL GLANDS OF INTACT RATS (M+ m)
Index	 (Control
Ascorbic acid(in mg%)
	
258,8-!-9,2
Cholesterol(in mg%)	 1812-!-310
D
Administration of sodium bromide
single (dose in mg/kg) repeated
250 mg/kg,
250 500 10 days
332,72-34,3 271,5= 13,9 338,7= 14,1 343,0 18,8
<0,05 > O.05 <0,05 <0,05
1111- i8 1072=83 614-75 1614-126
<0,05 <0,05 <O,CS	 I <0105
W:
In the morphological tissue study of the adrenal cortex in
the first series in all periods of observation no significant
differences were found between the control rats and the rats who
had received a single sodium broitide administration in doses of
100 and 250 mg/kg. An increase in the dose to 500 mg/kg in
3
TABLE 2
EFFECT OF SODIUM BROMIDE ON CONTENT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND CHOLES-
TEROL IN ADRENAL GLANDS OF RATS EXPOSED TO IMMOBILIZATION (M+m)
Index Control Stress Administration of sodium bro-
mide + stress
s single  a m n s ra	 on repeated
(dose in mg/kg) admini-
t	
t
— stration
(250 m
E. 100 250 500 10 days)
Ascorbic acid (i n
`258,8- 9,2 324,9- 12,1
<0105
291,7 11,1 243,6= 14,2 214:±:22,9 252,6= 19,6
>0,056 Dmg%) >0,05 <0,05 <0.05
j
Cholesterol (in 1812=310 1162-18,1 969=15E 796-68 186=51 1897"-?36
m ! >0,05 <0105 <0.06	 I <0 1 05 <0,05
r
E these conditions led to the appearance in the rat adrenal cortex
of pronounced vascular (plethora of vessels in swollen reticular
zone, fine-grained vacuolization of cytoplasm of cells in re-
ticular zone, edema of its connective tissue stroma), as well
as dystrophic (appearance of small-cellular formation of cyto-
plasm of cells in fascicular zone and protein eosinophil mass
in the sinusoids) changes (see figure). 	 This was accompanied by
a reduction in the amount of lipids in the adrenal cortex cells
which also reflected the attenuation in their functions, although
certain signs of their compensation were also revealed (expan-
sion of the fascicular zone). 	 The described phenomena increased
from the first to fourth hour after single administration of
bromide and were more pronounced in the cases of repeated
administration of the preparation.
At the end of the 10-day experiment a more pronounced
suppression was noted in the functional state of the adrenal
cortex:
	
a considerably greater loss of fat and lipids was noted,
excess content in the fascicular and reticular zones of the ad-
renal cortex of so-called dark cells, which indicated the state
of prolonged impoverishment.
4
^;„^'.!i Y ^ ^•i^^^+JCMi w1N".l^T"^\r^.^ow.-r. i
L	 dig,
r'	 -'	 `^.= s . `2 Vic'
•rte{ K..^ki
• .- 4L	 46
	
"'> 
	
rj ;ti.e+' 	 ^° Vi i , s
s^ 
1 3	 ab
r
t
e, J^
	
4, !..\ Y ♦ ^^ 	 r a ti ^" . i ^' K•	 O
	
( n re f*^^ f 	 ► . .r 7 ^^ a,.^.^i
._w.•3^."	 a•	 T^ ^•.	 2r^ .fir
_ pia ^ ,' a e ms' •• • 1 f a ^ e+4'^^ "`^
: r. IE
State of Adrenal Cortex in Rats Normally (a) and with Single
Administration of Sodium Bromide in Dose 500 m /k^ (b).1-1Stair^in_ with heina t oxylin-eosin. Mag. 200 x.
Two-hour immol)ilization of the rats resulted in attenuation
	 /705
of the functional state of the adrenal cortex. As is apparent
from table 2, here the quantity of ascorbic acid in the adrenal
glands was increased, while cholesterol and its esters was reduced.
The morphological picture of the adrenal cortex still reflected
its active state: the glomerular zone and the outer layer of the
fa;,cicular zone consisted of light cells with fine-grained cyto-
plasm filled with lipid droplets.
rAUNAL WAGE tiF
	
5
OF PnOR QUAL M!
t.
The single and repeated administration of sodium bromide
that preceded the hypodynamic stress restored the content of
ascorbic acid in the adrenal cortex of rats to the initial. The
content of cholesterol in the adrenal glands with single admini-
stration of sodium bromide progressively dropped, and with
repeated administration reached the initial figures.
Morphologically under these conditions disruptions were
found in the form of edema of the capsule, fascicular zone, stroma
of the cerebra' substance, swelling and vacuolization of indi-
vidual cells of it, plasmorrhagi.a more pronounced than in the
Intact animals.In addition, in the adrenal cortex pronounced
compensatory phenomena dominated: dilatation of the glomerular
zone due to the direct and indirect division of cells, presence
of foci of hypertrophied and hyperplastic cells of the glomeru-
lar and fascicular zone with penetration of part of them into
medulla. In the experiments with repeated administration of
sodium bromide in the cells of the fascicular zone, especially
in its outer part a large number of fine- and large-dispers5d
lipids were noted.
Thus, as the data showed of the funetional and morphological
study the activity of the adrenal cortex in intact rats under
the influence of sodium bromide is weakened. An analogous
effect is produced by the state of hypodynamic stress. Immo-
bilization on the background of sodium bromide administration,
evidently, is endured by the animals more easily. Such an effect
was noted by G. Neshev (1970) with aminazine, which, in the
author's opinion, has a positive effect on the development of
stress, since the so-called repeated ga7wsslon is Inherent to it 	 /706
that is governoa by the ability of the preparation to produce
In Intact animals shifts that are characteristic for the stress
reaction.
6
Conclusions
1. Sodium bromide with single intragastric administration
in a dose mf 500 mg/kg and repeated administration for 10 days
in a dose of 250 mg/kg weakens the functional state of the adrenal
cortex in intact rats.
2. Preliminary administration of sodium bromide in the
studied intervals of doses and periods reduces the manifestation
in rats of the stress reaction induced by 2-hour immobilization.
References
Anokhin, P. K. in Refleksy golovnop mozga [Reflexes of the Brain]
?towcow, 1965, 297-311.
Brekh- ,an, I. I. and Kirillov, 0. I. in Materialy 22- 1y nauchnoy
sessii Khabarovsko(-o med. in_-ta ["Materials of 22nd Scien-
tific "Jession of Khabarovsk 	 Medical Institute"], Khabarovsk,
1965, 212-213.
Vinogradov, V. M. in Povysheniye rez_istentnosti organizma k
eks remal'nykm vozdeystviyam ["Increase in Resistance of
Organism to Extreme Effects"], Kishinev, 1973, 105-127.
uolikov, P. P. and Medvedev, M. A. Jn Materialy nauchnoy sessii
Vsesoyuznogo nauch.-issled. in-ta fizkul'tury_za 1967
["Materials of Scientific Session of All-Union Sci.Res. In-
stitute of Physical Culture for 1967"], 1969, p. 370-371.
Gorizontov, P. D. and Protasova, T. t1. Rol' AKTG i_ kortiko-
steroidov v patologii ["Role of ACTH and Corticosteroids
in Pathology"], Moscow, 1968, 98-122.
Zapadnyuk, I. P.; Zapadnyuk, V. I. and Zakhariya, Ye. A. Labora-
torny,ye zhivotny ,fie, ikh razvedeniye, sode_rz_haniye i
ispol'zovaniye v eksperimente ^'^Laboratory Animals, Their
Breeding, Maintenance and Use in Experiment"], Kiev, 19711,
289.
Kirillov, 0. I. Opyt farmakologicheskoy re;ulyatsli stressa
["experimental Pharmacological Regulation of "tress"],
Vladivostok, 1966, 6-25.
Kirichelc, L. T. Sovrem_ennyyeoblemy farmakolo-ii ["Current
Problems in Pharmacology" 
pr 
Kiev,	 11>1I5.
7
y ^r
Kirichek, L. T. and Voloshin, P. V. Materialy 2 Eo s"yezda
farmakolor.ov Ukrainskoy SSR ["Materials of Second Congress
of Pharmacologists of the Ukrainian SSR"], 1973, 97
-9•
Lazarev, N. V. Simnozium,y po eleut_eroko_kku 1 zhen'shenyu ["Sym-
posiums on Eleutherococcus and (3lnseng"], Vladivostok,
1962, 7-10.
Mukhin, Ye. A. and Keptya, E. B. Po_vi sheniye rezistentnosti
or&anizma k ek s tremal'nym vozdeyst_v_iyam ["Increase in
Resistance of Organism to Extreme Factors"], Kishinev,
1973, 5-20.
Neshev, G..Pat. fiziol, 970, No. 5, 42-46.
Pushkina, 11. N. B_iokhimicheskiye metody issledo_vaniya ["Bio-
chemical methods of Research"], Moscow, Meditsina, 1963,
114-117.
Sel'ye, G. Ocherki ob ada tatsionnom sindrome ["Essays on the
Adaptation Syndrome , Moscow, 1^60.
Smirnov, K. M., Gi. i san., llo. 2 (1970), p. 74-78.
Fedorov, B. M.J. Krotov, V. P., and Zhuravleva, Ye. N. Pat. fiziol.
No. 6 (1973), 27-31. 	 - -
Birch, T. F., Harris, L. J. and Roy, S. N. ?9iochem. J., Vol. 27,
(1933), 590-594.
Copyright Holder-: "Farmakologiya i toksikologi,ya", 1975
8


Morphological and functional manifestations of rat adrenal-cortex response to sodium bromide administration under hypodynamic stress

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

NASA Technical Reports Server