The acquisition of tapes which contain vector and scalar data decimated at an interval of 0.5 sec, together with time and position data, is reported. Progress in the study of magnetic anomalies in the vicinity of Japan and in electric currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere is also reported. MAGSAT data was used in obtaining a map of total force anomaly for the area of latitude 10-70 deg N and longitude 110-170 deg E. One of the outstanding features in the map of the magnetic anomaly is a negative magnetic anomaly in the Okhotsk Sea, which is of geophysical interest because of its possible connection with high heat flow values in that area

Fukushima, N.

English

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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820015736 2020-03-21T09:04:13+00:00Z
2	 3c rI} R csLUfCBS SuNey E 8	 o
i^$0 PROGRESS REPORT OF INVESTIGATION
Pr^ rar^ informal+on and wiuwat( _
for any use made (here0t," 	
,JAPANESE MAGSAT TEAK'FROM
RECEIVED
A U, G
S ► S 902.6
-C'Y3
T We
Naoshi FUKUSHIMA
(Chairman, Japanese MAGSAT Team)
Geophysics Research Laboratory
University of Tokyo
Tokyo 113, Japan
TITLES OF JAPANESE MAGSAT INVESTIGATIONS (Statement of Work #M-43)
A. Crustal Structure near Japan and its Antarctic Station
A-1. Regional Magnetic Charts
A-2. Local Magnetic Anomalies and Their Origin
A-3. Crustal Structure in the Antarct;,
B. Electric Currents and Hydromagnetic Waves in the
Ionosphere and the Magnetosphere
B-1. Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Contributions to
Geomagnetic Variations
B-2. Field-Aligned Currents
B-3. Geomagnetic Pulsations and Hydromagnetic Waves
Reporting Date:	 July 20, 1981
Investigation Period: March 15, 1980 - July 15, 1981
* The Japanese MAGSAT Team consists of the following members:
N. Fukushima ( Chairman), H. Maeda ( Vice -Chairman), T. Yukutake (Secretary),
M. Tanaka, S. Oshima, K. Ogawa, M. Kawamura, Y. Miyazaki, S. Uyeda.
K. Kobayashi, M. Kono, N. Sumitomo, K. Kaminuma, T. Araki, A. Suzuki,
T. Iijima, R. Fujii, H. Fukunishi, Y. Kamide, T. Saito.
The following collaborators participated in data analysis during this
investigation period.
M Fjiri and H. Sakurai (National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 173),
M. Yanagisawa ( Inst. Space & Aeronautical Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 1531,
T. Kamei anJ T. Iyemori (Geophysical Inst., Kyoto University, Kyoto 6C
T. Nakatsuka and Y. Ono (Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba 305).
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1. Introduction
For the past four months, efforts have continued in compiling tapes
which contain vector and scalar dat'a decimated at an interval of 0.5 sec,
together with time and position data. Regarding the data analysis, progress
was seen in the study of magnetic anomalies in the vicinity of Japan and in
electric currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Since the supply of
CHRONFIN tapes and Investigator-B tapes has become more regular in recent
months, the analysis by Japanese colleagues has accelerated, and new results
are expected to appear in the coming months.
2. Graphical Display of MAGSAT Data
From the original CHRONINT and CHRONFIN data tapes received from NASA,
a compilation of data is being carried out by the National Institute of Polar
Research and the Geophysics Research Laboratory of the University of Tokyo,
so as to obtain 3-components (X, Y and Z) as well as their residuals from
the MGST (4/81) model with the indication of UT, magnetic local time,
invariant latitude, geographic longitude and altitude. These are basic
materials for analysis. Since only the CHRONFIN tapes are coming in now,
all future compilation will be made with these.
3. Ground Magnetic Data
In order to investigate the crustal magnetic structures in the vicinity
of Japan, all available surface magnetic data are under compilation. Fig. 1
shows the availability of marine magnetic data accumulated at the National
Oceanographic Data Center in the Hydrographic Department, Maritime Safety
Agency. This data center also collects the gravity and bathymetric data near
Japan. Fig. 2 shows the routes of recent airborne magnetic surveys in Japan.
These data will be used fully in the future, for comparison with MAGSAT data.
The world magnetograms for the period of MAGSAT observations are being
collected for comparison of satellite and ground data. T. Iijima and R.
Fujii are trying to compare the field-aligned signatures with the simultaneous
magnetic variations on the ground in high latitudes. Y. Kamide is planning
to compare the MAGSAT data with the ground magnetic data of the Alaskan chain
stations. H. Maeda and his collaborators are analyzing the Sq variation with
the ground magnetic data coming into WDC C2 for Geomagnetism.
Page 3
4. Preliminary Results of MAGSAT Data Analysis
4-1. Geomagnetic anomalies around Japan
Techniques for modelling the regional magnetic field are now being
explored. The first problem to be solved in this modelling is how to reduce
the data obtained at various altitudes of MAGSAT orbits to those at a common
level of altitude. T. Nakas-jka and Y. Ono are making softwares for the
upward continuation based on an equivalent source concept. T. Yukutake is
considering application of the Fourier analysis technique to the vector data
in a restricted area over Japan, by which he expects to obtain the field
distribution at any level in a straightforward way.
M. Yanagisawa, M. Kono and T. Yukutake are continuing the analysis of
MAGSAT data for the area of latitude 10-70°N and longitude 110-110°E in
magnetically quiet periods. They obtained a map of total force anomaly after
subtracting the field model of MGST (6/80) and the ring current effect [see
Fig. 1 of the Second Progress Report, March 1981]. One of the outstanding
features in the map of the magnetic anomaly is a negative magnetic anomaly
in the Okhotsk Sea (amounting to -8 nT), which is of geophysical interest
because of its possible connection with high heat flow values in that area.
M. Yanagisawa is now studing also the magnetic anomalies in the north-western
part of the Pacific in comparison with the marine magnetic data of the past
years. Although his analysis is still in a preliminary stage, magnetic
anomalies obtained from MAGSAT data have been found to be well correlated
with the anomalies from the marine data. When this relationship is more
firmly established, the depth to the magnetic source will be determined more
definitely.
4-2. Field-aligned currents in high latitudes
T. Iijima is examining the vector residuals from MGST (4/81) model in
high latitudes with the CHRONFIN data for November-December 1979. Fig. 3
shows some examples of the latitudinal profile of horizontal geomagnetic
perturbation vectors observed with MAGSAT in the northern and southern high
latitudes. He compared the diagrams obtained with CHRONINT and CHRONFIN data.
The occasional deviations in '.ow and middle latitudes, which appeared in the
analysis of CHRONINT data, almost vanished in the analysis of CHRONFIN data.
This indicates that the effect from the field-aligned currents is very small
in middle and low latitudes along the dawn and dusk meridians in comparison
with the effect in the polar regions.
As already described in the Second Progress Report (March 19811, the
main results of analysis are:
1) ell is thought to be mainly due to the field-aligned sheet currents in
the auroral zone (so-called Region 1 and 2 currents); this is concluded after
resolving el l into geomagnetic N-S and E-W components. The sheet currents
in Regions 1 and 2 vary their in-%'ensities, locations and latitudinal widths
during substorms.
2) In the polar region, on the other hand, there are some eB I perturbations
which do not seem to be ascribable to the field-aligned currents; they are
directed generally sunward in the northern hemisphere ara anti-sunward in
the southern hemisphere except for the midday region of the higher -latitude
polar cap. The higher-latitude polar cap Aj can be explained by counter-
clockwise (or clockwise) current flowing in the ionosphere below the MAGSAT
altitude.
3) eB N is inferred to originate primarily from the horizontal electric
currents in the ionosphere that are closely connected with the Region 1 and
2 field-aligned currents. The magnitude of AB,, shows a clear seasonal
dependence; it is approximately twice in the sunlit southern hemisphere than
that in the northern dark hemisphere in November 1979.
4-3. Dawn-dusk asymmetry of daily geomagnetic variations at the MAGSAT level
and on the ground
H. Maeda, T. Araki, T. Kamei and T. Iye-iori compared the dawn-dusk
asymmetry of the observed geomagnetic variations at the MAGSAT level and at
16 stations on the ground, that contained the effect from electric currents
flowing in the ionosphere and magnetosphere [see Figs. 5 and 6 in the Second
Progress Report, March 1981]. The observed ground values are separated into
two parts of ionospheric and magnetospheric origin. They showed the
deviations of components (B H , BD, and B Z ) from the MGST (6/80) along the dawn
and dusk meridians for 16 MAGSAT orbits on 17-18 November 1979. Fig. 4 shows
a peculiar systematic variation in BD in low latitudes (dip latitudes between
20 0 and -20 0 ), always westward in the northern hemisphere and eastward in the
southern hemisphere. Fig. 5 is the average latitude profile of B H , BD , and
BZ for the 16 orbits, to show that the peculiar variation can be found only
in the BD
 component and not at all in both B H
 and B Z
 components in the dusk
meridian. No noticeable variations are obser;P .'. in all three components in
the dawn meridian. The peculiar variation in BD exists every day, although
age
its amplitude varies from day to day. The existence of this Bp variation
will be interpreted in connection with the three-dimensional current closure
in the magnetosphere and ionosphere in the dusk meridian, near the eastern
end of the daytime equatorial electrojet.
4-4. Electric current across MAGSAT orbit loop
A. Suzuki calculated the total amount of electric current flowing through
the plane of MAGSAT orbit loop after integrating the tangential component of
the observed magnetic field along a complete satellite orbit loop; this is a
direct application of Maxwell's equation. Although he showed earlier that
the total electric current wa,: '-5 million Amp4res, his recent more careful
analysis indicated 1 -5 x W r.mperes in both sunward and anti-sunward. He
will check in the near future whether this is due to the earth's rotation or
to the electric current passing through the dawn-dusk meridian.
5. Publications
Only oral presentations have been made on the actual MAGSAT data
analysis on the occasion of some domestic meetings. At the 69th Semi-annual
Meeting of the Society of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity of Japan in
May 1981, the following papers were presented:
M. Kono and M. Yanagisawa,
Magnetic anomalies in the vicinity of Japan observed by MAGSAT.
T. Iijima, N. Fukushima, R. Fujii and H. Sakurai,
Characteristics of magnetic field variations observed by MAGSAT
satellite.
Y. Kamide, T. Iijima, R. Fujii and N. Fukushima,
Simultaneous magnetic observations by MAGSAT and Alaskan chain
stations.
A. Suzuki, T. Kamei and T. Kumamoto,
Calculation of magnetospheric currents by means of MAGSAT data.
S. Tsunomura, T. Iyemori, H. Maeda and T. Araki,
Analysis of SC with MAGSAT data.
H. Maeda, T. Kamei and T. Iyemori,
Analysis of geomagnetic diurnal variation by means of MAGSAT data.
The following papers have been submitted to the Fourth General Scientific
Assembly of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy in
August 1981 in Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K.:
Page 6
M. Yanagisawa, M. Kono, T. Yukutake and N. Fukushima,
Magnetic Anomalies over Japan and Its Surrounding Area (submitted
to the session on "Scientific Results from MAGSAT").
T. Iijima, N. Fukushima and R. Fujii,
Characteristics of Magnetic Field Disturbances Observed by MAGSAT
(submitted to the session "General Contributions to IAGA Division
III").
T. Iijima, Y. Kamide, R. Fujii and N. Fukushima,
Spatial Relationship between Field-Aligned Currents and the Auroral
Electrojets -MAGSAT and Alaskan Chain Observations (submitted to
the session "General Contributions to IAGA Division III").
H. Maeda, T. Kamei and T. Iyemori,
Magnetic Effect on Sq Deduced from an Analysis of MAGSAT data
(submitted to the session "General Contributions to IAGA Division
III").
Conclusions
It is of great benefit to the geophysical community in Japan to carry
out extensive analysis of MAGSAT data provided by NASA. The work of the
individual members of the Japanese MAGSAT Investigation Team is progressing,
and some interesting results are coming out. We hope to be able to report
a series of important conclusions in the coming trennial reports, although
only some preliminary results are written in this third report.
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Page 8	 ORiG ►NAL PAGE IS
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MLT	 17 : 52 17:48	 17:43 17:37	 17:28	 17:14	 16:46	 15:28	 10:45	 7:49	 7: 2	 6:43	 6:32	 6:24	 6:19	 6:15
LAT	 39.5	 47.3	 55.1	 62.7	 70.3	 77.4	 82.7	 81.4	 75.2	 67.9	 60.3	 52.6	 44.9	 37.1	 29.4	 21.7
LON	 100.6	 98.3	 95.4	 91.3	 84.8	 71.4	 34.8 -25.1	 -5C.9 -61.2 -66.7 -70.3 -73.0 -75.1 -7E..9 -7F.6
ALT	 384.5 374.4 365.9 355.1 354.3 351.6 351.0 352.S 350.2 361.9 369.5 378.8 389.7 401.6 415.0 429.0
UT	 10: SC	 10:52	 10:54	 10:56	 10:58	 11: 0	 11: 2	 1.: 4	 11: 6	 11: 8	 11:10	 11:12	 11:14	 11:16	 11:15	 11: Z C
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14:48	 14:50	 14:52	 14:54	 14:56	 14:58	 1S: 0	 15: 1	 15: 4	 15 : 6	 15: 8	 15:10	 15;12	 15:14
Fig. 3. Geomagnetic vector residuals of MAGSAT CHRONFIN data (1050-1120 UT
northern pass and 1444-1514 UT southern pass, November 13, 1979,
during severe substorms), separated into AS (the perturbation trans-
verse to the main geomagnetic field and directed towards the sun),
AD (the perturbation transverse to the main field and to the dusk-
to-dawn direction), ABU (the perturbation parallel to the main field).
AF (total force perturbation) is also shown.
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	 14	 255
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Page 9
	
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DIP LATITUDE
Fig. 4. Latitudinal dependence of D-component, measured by MAGSAT at various
longitudes during November 17-18, 1979. A peculiar westward (in the
northern hemisphere) and eastward (in the southern heuiisphere)
deviation in the D-component is observed during every duskside
orbit in low latitudes.
BH
BD
E 
9
BH
E C
B 
G
Page 10
OF	 : Y
MAGSAT	 OPWN MER I D I H;N PvEPPCE	 I 11; NT
1979.11.17-18
^^GSRT	 DijSK i`1ER D I Air, AVLR AGE 	 I to NT
Fig. 5. Average latitudinal profile of the three-components (deviations from
model fields; designated as BH, BD, and BZ) for 16 orbits on November
11-18, 1919.
	 The peculiar latitudinal profile is only seen in BD in
the dusk meridian.


Investigation from Japanese MAGSAT team

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