Rats were exposed to X-radiation to study the influence of immobilization and shielding of part of bone marrow during exposure on survival. It is concluded that (1) the beneficial effect of the stress factor (created by the immobilization of rats during exposure) can aggregate with the effect of bone marrow shielding and, under certain conditions, imitate the latter; and (2) the probability of the protective effect of immobilization should be taken into account when assessing the influence of bone marrow shielding

Gronskaya, N. F.

Strelin, G. S.

English

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NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM	 NASA TM-76828
ROLE OF IMMOBILIZATION OF IRRADIATED RATS IN THE
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BONE MARROW SHIELDING
N. F. Gronskaya, G. S. Strelin
(NASA-TM-76828) ROLE OF IMMOPILIZATIOR OF
	 N82-21866
IRRADIATED RATS IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF
BONE MARROW SHIELDING (National Aeronautics
and Space Adainistration) 7 p HC A02/8F A01
	 unclas
CSCI 06C G3/51 09426
Translation of 110 Znachenii Immobilizatsii Krys Pri
Obluchenii v Zashchitnom Effekte Ekranirovanlya Chasti
Kostnogo Mozga", Radiobiologiya ,  Vol. 20, No. 2s, 1980,
pp. 259-262.
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Translation of ""d Znachenii Immobioizatsii Krys Pri
Obluchenii v Zashchitnom Effekte Ekranirovaniya Chasti
Kostnogo Mozga". Radiob ologiya, Vol. 	 20, No.	 2,	 1980,
pp.	 259-262.
la. A^•!r•sl'
In experiments on rats exposed to X-radiation, a study was
made of the influence-on sl,irvival of animals of their
immobilization and shielding of part of bone marrow during
exposure. It is concluded that (1) beneficial effect of the
stress factor, created by immobilization of rats during expo-.
sure, can aggregate with the effect of bone marrow shielding
and, under certain conditions, imitate the latter;	 (2) the
probability of the protective effect of immobilization should
be taken into account when assessing the influence of bone
marrow shielding.
17. Key ••rd• (selected by Avb er(s# 111. Ohtt'W"on sl!•!•ment
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IMPORTANCE OF IMMOBILIZATION OF IRRADIATED RATS
IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BONE MARROW SHIELDING
N. F. Gronskaya and G. S. Strelin*
immobilization of animals induces redistribution of cellular
elements af.the blood and hemopoietic organs, temporary hyperplasia
of the myeloid tissue and other processes of an adaptation nature
(1). There are published data regarding a decrease in radiation
damage during stress effects [2-4). The action of adrenaline causes
a similar, effect. Its administration before irradiation increases
the survival rate of the irradiated mice [5,6 and others).
This publication clarifies the degree to which immobilization
of rats during irradiation protects them from irradiation death and
how the combined effect of tvyo factors is manifest: immobilization
of animals by tying to a machine during irradiation, and screening
part of the bone marrow, which, as is known, promotes survival of
the animals by dispersing the stem cells and repopulating the irra-
diated aplastic bone marrow [7).
Materialnod Technique
In the three series that we conducted on mongrel male rats, with
irradiation respectively of 700, 820 and 900 R doses, a comparison
was made of the dynamic's of animal death after total irradiation
when they were immobilized by tying to the machine for the time of
irradiation, and death of the animals . who spent the irradiation time
in plexiglass boxes. Other experiments of the same series compared
*Central Scientifl—c Research X-Ray Radic ►logical Institute of the
USSR Mints'try of Public Health, Leningrad
Numbers in margin indicate pagination in original text.
1
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/260
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tthe effects of tying the rats with incom plete irradiation. In
these experiments, the animals were screened during the irradiation
by a lead sleeve (thickness of wall 5 mm) on one limb (shin) or four
limbs (two shins and two forearms which corresponds to increasing
the shielded volume of bone marrow by roughly 3-fold). Under these
conditions, both the immobilization of the animals and the screening
of part of the bone marrow could influence the rat survival rate.
In all the experiments, the limbs that were screened during
irradiation of Cie rest of the body were preliminarily (3 h) exposed
to local irradiation in a large dose (1500 R). This could promote
attenuation of radiation sickness because of reimmigration of the
stem cells that initially had immigrated and reproduced in the irra-
diated bone marrow. For details on the technique see publication (8).
The irradiation conditions were: voltage 180 M-1, current strength
15 mA, filters 0.5 mm Cu + 1.0 mm Al, skin-focal distance 60 cm,
dosage power 90 R/min It was shown in a special series of experi-
ments that tying in a position on the back and on the stomach did
not affect the irradiation results. After irradiation, the rats
were kept under the same conditions.
Results and Discussion
The figure ill"strates the results of experiments with survi-
val rate of rats irradiated under different conditions respectively
of doses 700, 820 and 900 R. It follows from the cited data that 	 Y
with dose of 700 R'(figure, A), in which the total irradiation with-
out tying resulted in the death of m 80% of the animals (curve 1),
screening of four limbs'(curve 4) and one limb (curve 3) of the 	 ;{
tied rats caused the same protective effect as tying without screening	 u
(curve 2). This can be explained by the fact that tying alone
without screening guaranteed the survival of almost all the experi-
.mental animals. With total irradiation' in' a rose of 820 R (figure,
B), all the animals died by the 14th day (curve 1). Screening of
the four' limbs (curve 4) in this'case yielded a greater Protective
2
u_	 w
M
effect than immobilization of tho unscreened animals (curve 2)
Screening of one shin of the immobilized rats (curve 3) did not pro-
tect them from death to a greater degree than tying to the machine
alone.
In the series of experiments with dose of 900 R (figure, C),
the death of all the totally irradiated animals occurred already
by the 11th day (curve 1). Under these conditions, immobilization
without screening did not yield a positive result at all (curve 2)
while screening of four limbs (curve 4) in combination with immo-'
bilization prevented the death of a considerable number of animals
(all the animals survived that did not die from gastrointestinal
syndrome). In the experiments with radiation dose of 900 R,
screening of one shin (curve 3) had almost no effect on the rat
survival rate. Out of 20 animals, only 1 survived to the 30th day
after irradiation. The insignificant protective effect of screening
one shin in this case agrees with the lack of effectiveness of
immobilizing totally irradiated rats, and with the same protective
effect of immobilizing and screening one shin when irradiating the
animals with a dose of 820 R.
Analysis of the dynamics of rat death indicates that with total
irradiation, immobilization of the animals for the time of radiation
effect in a sublethal dose (700 R) and minimum absolutely lethal
dose (820 R) distinctly reduces the death of the animals and is not
effective with a dose of 900 R that causes 100% death of rats in
11 days.
Since irradiation of rats with screening of part of the body is
usually combined with immobilizing them on machines for the period
of irradiation, it was important to clarify whether the protective
effect of screening is reduced to the effect of immobilization of
animals, and if this is true, then under what conditions, and to
what degree.
/261
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Dynamics of Death of Rats under Different Con-
ditions of the Effect of X-Rays
Key: Irradiation in doses:
A. 700 R
B. 820 R
C. 900 R
1. Total irradiation without immobilization
2. Total irradiation with immobilization
3. Irradiation with screening of one limb
4. Irradiation.with screening of four limbs
On y-axis survival rate of animals,%
On x-axis: days after irradiation
in parentheses: number of animals used in
experiment.
Tha findings indicate that screening-of a small volume of the
bone marrow (one ,shin) with a sublethal, dose and lethal dose close
to it has no effect on the survival rate of L mobilized rats. The
protective effect under these conditions can be entirely explained
by immobilization of the animals. With a dose of 820 R, screening
S
4
tof a greater volume (four limbs) acquires importance since the
perccntage of surviving rats because of screening doubles. One can
acknowledge that weakening of the damage as a result of tying the
rats and screening is summed. With an increase in the radiation
dose to 900 R at which half of the experimental animals die
from Bast-^oi,ntestinal syndrome, immobilization of the animals does
not cause a protective effect. At the same time, screening of a
fairly large amount of bone marrow (four limbs) guarantees survival
of the rats that did not die from intestinal syndrome.
/262
It is obvious that in evaluating the protective effect of
screening part of the bone marrow on irradiated rats, one should
take into consideration the possibility of weakening the effect of
radiation through immobilization.
Bibliography
1. Gorizontov, P. D. Arkhiv patologi, 35, 8, 1973, 3-11.
2. Gorizontov, P. D.; and Rudakov, I. A. Patolog. fiziol. i eksperim.
terauiya 2, 1964,
  17-22.
3. Van Bekkum, D. in Sravnitel'naya kleto^chnaya i v1d^ovaya radio
chuv6tvitel'nost' ["Compara ve Cellularr and Species Radio
Sensitivity"], Moscow, Atomizdat, 1974, pp. 141-150.
4. Keizer, H. J.; and van Putten, L. M. Radiation Res., 66, 1976,
326-336.
5. Semenov, L. F. Profilaktika ostr2y luc^hevoy bolezni v ek e
mente [ "Prevention o Acute - ation Sicknes^n Experiment"]
Leningrad,'Meditsina, 1967.
6. Bychkovskaya, I. B.; Strelkov, R. B-.; and Parosochko, L. A. Radio-bioloeiva, X, 6, 1970,
  914-916.
Strelin, G. S. Regeneratsionn ve protsessv v razvitii j j li,_kvi-
datsi .luchevogo povrea en va ["Regeneration Processes in the
Development and Elimination of Radiation Damage"], Moscow,
Meditsina , 1978,
  p. 191.
8. Gronskaya, N. F.; and Strelin, G. S. Dokl. AN SSSR, 223, 5, 1975
1276-1279„
5


Role of immobilization of irradiated rats in the protective effect of bone marrow shielding

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