A 20-cm high, 18-cm wide, and 30-cm long (8x7x12 inch) box weighing about 7 kg (15 lbs) and consuming about 7 watts of power was carried on the OSS-1 pallet to monitor the mass build-up or accretion of condensible, volatile materials on surfaces in the shuttle bay during all phases of ascent, on-orbit, and descent. Passively thermally controlled, the box holds two witness samples and four actively temperature controlled quartz crystal microbalances (TQCM) whose temperature can vary from -60 C to +80 C. Graphs show the accretion indicated by the TQCM during the launch and early orbital phase. Conditions during tail to the Sun, nose to the Sun, and bay to the Sun attitudes of the shuttle during STS-3 are reflected in temperatures indicated by the OSS-1 thermistor. These temperatures influence outgassing rates of various materials as well as measurements made by the contamination monitor package. The parameters that bear on TQCM measurements data are shown in graphs and discussed

Kruger, R.

Mcintosh, R.

Triolo, J.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

OSS-l/CONTAMINATION MONITOR 
R. Kruger, J. Triolo, and R. McIntosh 
NASA/Goddard Space Fligfit Center 
1 Preceding page blank 
A-163 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830014033 2020-03-21T04:38:41+00:00Z

Principal Investigator 
Jack fr i o  lo. NASI/GWC 
Co-Investigators 
Raymond Rruger, NASA/GSFC 
C a r l  Wag. 3 9  
Capt . Paul Porzio. USAF/SD 
Instrument Engineer 
Roy WC Intosh, NASAKSFC 
O ~ c r a t  ions Assistance 
C t  (. Edward C h r i s t .  USAF/SD 
Amelia Phi l l l iDs .  JR 
This  f i g u r e  shows t he  major  p a r t i c i p a n t s  i n  t h e  program. 
1 Preceding page blank 
A-165 
This  figure shows a view of t he  Columbia and many parts of the OSS-1 pallet. 
The Contaminat ion Monitor Package (CMP) i s  the small box shown w i t h i n  the circle, 
The CMP effort was sponsored by the USAF; there were two major objectives: 
To monitor the mass b u i l d - u p  or accretion of condensible, volatile 
materials on surfaces i n  the Shuttle bay during a l l  phases of ascent, 
on-orbi t , and descent. 
a, 
b. To demonstrate the usefulness of a "small box" contaminat ion monitor 
as an operational device for contamination management and control. 
A-166 
This  i s  a v i e w  o f  t h e  CMP. It i s  rough ly  20 cm h igh ,  18 cm wide, and 30 cm long 
( 8 x 7 ~ 1 2  inches) .  
i s  about 7 wat ts .  The box i t s e l f  i s  p a s s i v e l y  t h e r m a l l y  c o n t r o l l e d  us ing  s i l v e r  
t e f l o n  f o r  r a d i a t i n g  sur faces  and a lumin ized kapton m u l t i - l a y e r  i n s i i l a t i o n  f o r  
r a d i a t i o n  i s o l a t i o n .  
It weighs about 7 k g  (15 pounds). The average power consumption 
The inst ruments i nc luded  two p a s s i v e l y  c o n t r o l l e d  w i tness  samples (which w i l l  not  
be discussed he re )  and f o u r  a c t i v e l y  temperature c o n t r o l  1 ed q u a r t z  c r y s t a l  m ic ro-  
balances (TQCM). The TQCM temperatures can be v a r i e d  from -60OC t o  +80oC. Th is  
c o n t r o l  can be exerc ised by te lemet ry  f rom t h e  ground; t h e r e  i s  no crew i n v o l v e -  
ment. The d a t a  was recorded on t h e  OSS-1 tape recorder  f o r  l a t e r  playback on t h e  
ground, recorded on t h e  O r b i t e r  t ape  recorder  f o r  playback from o r b i t ,  and was 
te lemetered i n  r e a l - t i m e  d u r i n g  passes over  ground s t a t i o n s .  
The TQCM's have a s e n s i t i v i t y  o f  1.56~10-9g.cm-2.Hz-~, and t h e  da ta  was recorded 
t o  +1 Hz. 
denF i ty  (g.cm-z>, much o f  t h i s  r e p o r t  w i l l  be i n  terms o f  nm/lO ( o r  Angstrom 
u n i t s )  o f  th ickness ,  assuming a contaminant d e n s i t y  o f  1.0g.cm-3. 
Whi le  t h e  more bas i c  u n i t  of measure f o r  t h e  TQCM i s  a sur face l o a d i n g  
A-167 
r 
ACCRETION DURING ASCENT PHASE 
25 c OPEN 
-+-----+---# TQCM 1, AFT I 0 
I=- 5 -25 
cn 
- 
DATA LOST 
---J TQCM 4, STBD 
-_ Z Z  25X 
-50-- I 1 I , I I  i 
1 2 3 4 5 
ELAPSED TIME (hrs) 
T h i s  f i g u r e  shows t h e  a c c r e t i o n  i n d i c a t e d  by t h e  f o u r  TQCM's d u r i n g  t h e  
launch and e a r l y  o r b i t a l  phase. Note t h a t  t h e  zero  v a l u e  has been 
s e t  as t h e  va lues  i n d i c a t e d  by t h e  TQCM's a t  about 4 minutes p r i o r  t o  
launch. 
t o  be c o n t r o l l e d  a t  +15OC d u r i n g  t h e s e  phases. 
(Launch occur red  a t  081 :16:00:00 GMI.) The TQCM's were s e t  
C e r t a i n  segments o f  t h e  da ta  have been l o s t .  
A-168 
MET 
000: 04: 29: 16 
OSS-1 Thermistor 617 
The STS-3 miss ion  invo lved t h r e e  major  a t t i t u d e s  w i t h  respect t o  t h e  sun f o r  
t h e  purpose o f  v e r i f y i n g  t h e  O r b i t e r  thermal design. These were: t a i l  t o  t h e  sun 
(TTS) w i t h  t h e  o r b i t e r  bay always fac ing  away from t h e  ear th ;  nose t o  t h e  sun (NTS) 
where t h e  r o l l  r a t e  al lowed t h e  o r b i t e r  t o  view t h e  ear th ,  and bay t o  sun (BTS) 
where t h e  o r b i t e r  bay faced t h e  sun. The ITS c o n d i t i o n  prov ided a very c o l d  con- 
d i t i o n ,  NTS a moderately c o l d  cond i t i on ,  and BTS a very ho t  cond i t ion .  
These cond i t ions  a re  r e f l e c t e d  i n  t h e  temperatures i n d i c a t e d  by OSS-1 t h e r m i s t o r  
$17 which was at tached t o  a p iece  o f  equipment under t h e  thermal b lanke t  on t h e  
pal 1 et.  
For  about t h e  f i r s t  day (TTS) t h e  temperatures dropped sharp ly .  
by a Passive Thermal Cont ro l  (PTC) mode t h a t  prov ided a more benign thermal 
environment i n d i c a t e d  by t h e  r i s e  i n  temperature. Th is  was fo l lowed by about 
3-1/4 days i n  t h e  NTS a t t i t u d e  shown by t h e  cool-down. 
BTS c o n d i t i o n  f o r  about a day w i t h  a warming t rend.  PTC, TTS, BTS, and o the r  
a t t i t u d e s  fo l lowed u n t i l  deorb i t .  
Th is  was fo l lowed 
Th is  was fo l lowed by t h e  
The importance of  these temperatures i s  t h a t  they i n f l u e n c e  t h e  outgassing ra tes  
of t h e  var ious  ma te r ia l s ,  and so i n f l uence  t h e  measurements mgde by t h e  CMP. 
A-169 
c 
NET 000:104: 29: I 8  
I 
--- 
-eo iOi 
1 
28 Hours ------I 
-100) 
7-- 
OSS-1 ThermistorR2B 
It i s  i n t e r e s t i n g  t o  look  a t  da ta  from OSS-1 p a l l e t  t he rm is te r  #28 which b a s i c a l l y  
measures t h e  temperature o f  low thermal mass m u l t i - l a y e r  i nsu la t i on .  Here we 
can see wide f l u c t u a t i o n s  i n  r a p i d  response t o  t h e  var ious  O r b i t e r  o r i en ta t i ons ,  
These a re  more s p e c i f i c  i n  t h e  expanded t ime-scale p o r t i o n  o f  t h e  cha r t  where 
t h e  f l u c t u a t i o n s  w i t h  each o r b i t  become apparent. 
appear t o  be c o r r e l a t a b l e  t o  o ther  O r b i t e r  maneuvers such as those f o r  alignment 
o f  t h e  I n e r t i a l  Measurement U n i t  (IMU). 
Other temperature v a r i a t i o n s  
As one might  expect, o the r  temperature da ta  e x i s t s  f o r  i tems w i t h  very h i g h  
thermal i n e r t i a  and these show r e l a t i v e l y  small changes w i t h  O r b i t e r  a t t i t u d e .  
Since outgassing i s  a s t rong  f u n c t i o n  o f  temperature, we can expect t o  see 
s i g n i f i c a n t  d i f f e r e n c e s  w i t h  o r b i t e r  a t t i t u d e  as indeed we do. 
so many d i f f e r e n t  t m p e r a t u r e s  and outgass ing sources e x i s t ,  one would expect 
t o  be ab le  t o  p r e d i c t  on l y  general trends. 
dep le t i on  o f  an outgass ing source w i l l  occur  w h i l e  t h e  temperature i s  increas ing.  
These competing e f f e c t s  add t o ’  t h e  unce r ta in t y  o f  p r e d i c t i n g  what w i l l  occur. 
However, s ince  
It i s  poss ib le  t h a t  i n  some cases, 
A-170 
0 2 4 E B 10 12 i4 16 18 20 22 24 
Time of Osy. MET Hour 
D8y 0 
The published proceedings o f  t h i s  meeting conta in  data on 8 days of t he  mission 
so t h a t  they may be reviewed by t h e  reader more ca re fu l l y .  
time, only some s i g n i f i c a n t  po in ts  w i l l  be h igh l igh ted  i n  the  presentation. 
This f i gu re  i s  ra the r  complicated i n  order t o  inc lude many o f  t h e  parameters 
tha t  bear on t h e  TQCM data. 
S ta r t i ng  a t  t h e  bottom, t h e  Mission Elapsed Time (MET) i s  shown on the  abcissa 
and includes t h e  day and t h e  hour o f  t h e  day. 
i s  labeled "Accretion." 
o r  Angstrom u n i t s  assuming a mater ia l  dens i ty  o f  lg.cm-3) occurr ing between 
t h e  two downward po in t i ng  arrows ahove t h e  p r in ted  values, 
e i t h e r  p o s i t i v e  o r  negat ive i nd i ca t i ng  mater ia l  being added t o  t h e  TQCM o r  leaving 
it. 
(1-1/2 o r  3 hours). 
and thereby minimize correct ions.  S i m i l a r l y ,  most data po in ts  used i n  t h i s  repor t  
are selected from t h e  dark po r t i on  o f  t h e  o r b i t .  
Immediately above i s  t h e  approximate temperature o f  t h e  sensing surface of t h e  
TQCM. The TQCM's were a c t i v e l y  con t ro l l ed  t o  +15OC a t  launch. Changes i n  o r b i t  
were commanded by t e l  emetry. 
Day and n igh t  are shown next w i t h  the  dark l i n e  i nd i ca t i ng  t h e  shadow po r t i on  of 
t h e  o r b i t .  A t t i t u d e  i s  shown next. 
v e r t i c a l )  i s  shown f i r s t ;  t h e  PTC, TTS, NTS, and BTS descr ipt ions are as noted 
before. "GG" i s  a g r a v i t y  gradient mode. 
F i n a l l y ,  a t  t h e  very top  are  notes i n d i c a t i n g  events dur ing t h e  flight--"PLflD" a re  
bay door a c t i v i t i e s ,  IMU and COAS r e f e r  t o  Orb i te r  a t t i t udes  taken f o r  purposes 
of t he  I n e r t i a l  Measurement Un i t  and t h e  C r e w  Opt ical  Alignment System. S I A  i s  
an a t t i t u d e  taken f o r  ob ta in ing  c e r t a i n  instrument measurements. 
t o  t h e  Remote Manipulator System. 
Other notes (DSCr, LZU, VRCS, etc.) r e f e r  t o  o ther  operations t h a t  af fected t h e  
Orb i te r  A t t i tude ,  
In tegra ted  Environmental Contamination Monitor operations. 
As yet ,  no accret ions have been noted t h a t  could be re la ted  t o  RMS, POP, VCAP, 
o r  s i m i l a r  operations w i t h  any ce r ta in t y .  
i n  t h e  notes. 
The accretions shown are general ly below 2 n m / l O  (Angstrom u n i t s )  w i th  the  TQCM's 
a t  OOC and t h e  Orb i te r  i n  t h e  TTS a t t i tude .  
I n  t h e  i n t e r e s t  o f  
The f i r s t  sec t ion  o f  t h e  ord ina te  
The values shown are t h e  net accretions (given i n  m/lO 
These values may be 
The arrows, i n c i d e n t a l l y ,  a re  genera l l y  one o r  two o r b i t s  apart i n  t ime 
This i s  done t o  choose thermal condi t ions which are s i m i l a r  
ZLV ( the  Orb i te r  Z ax is  i n  t h e  l oca l  
RMS notes r e f e r  
The " I E C M  ops" note re fe rs  t o  t h e  gas release phase o f  t he  
None o f  these are there fore  included 
A-171 
m m  
0 0  
Q Q C  
0 
u an 
GI io’m 
u ua I zz L m 
J J J  J J 
0 6 12 
Attitude 
Day/Ni gh t 
c v )  
o E 1.Aft  
22 2. Port 
L E m 3. out 
7 4. Sthd 
W \ c )  
a 2  
0 2 ‘ 4  6 8 10 12 14 lfj iti 20 22 2 4  
Time o f  Oay. MET Hour 
Day 1 
W h i l e  i n  t h e  NTS mode, a bake-out o f  t h e  TQCM’s was conducted. T h i s  involved r a i s i n g  
t h e i r  temperatures t o  + 6 0 0 C  t o  d r i v e  o f f  accreted mater ials.  
happen rap id ly  and, possibly except for t h e  value o f  -13 f o r  TQCM 3,  i s  not 
s p e c i f i c a l l y  seen on t h i s  chart .  
T h i s  appears t o  
A-172 
P win 
d V  
*U 
L. ,  
Vffl 
f f l I  ou 
on 
4.4. 
0 
4.4. 
12 
4.4. 
2 4  
0 2 4 6 0 10 12 14 1B !8  20 22 24 
Ti ine o f  Day. MET tlotir 
Day 3 
ude 
50 
0 
-50 
I. A f t  
2. P o r t  
3. Out 
4. Stbd 
0 1 Ii 
E 
L 
0 c 
e, 
ffl 
V 
U > 
4. 
24 
A-173 
E 
u n PbI a a e m  
A t  t 1 tude 
Day/Night 
50 :; 
gj 
b a l  0 
2 P -50 - 
1.Aft  
" 0 0  ,, . 2. Port =>'; 3.Out 
2 p 4. Stbd 
4 4  
2n I 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 10 ( 8  20 22 fine of Uay. HE1 tfour 
Day 5 
C LD r.
On day 5, t h e  Orb i te r  took t h e  BTS o r ien ta t i on .  
TQCM's can be seen dur ing  the  f i r s t  sec t ion  marked "BTS." 
temperatures were ra ised t o  O°C and then +15OC, these accret ions continue. 
The immediate response o f  the  
Even when the  TOCM 
0 
C 0 a
A 0 
d 
m 
%I 
J 3 L a c( 
Att i tude 
Day /N ight  
. - - _ - . . _ . _  . . . .  _ .  . . . . .  . .  . . . 
0 2 4 fi H 10 12 14 l(i 1 0  20 22 ;'4 
Time o f  Uay. WET flour 
On day 6, t h e  Orb i te r  l e f t  t h e  RTS cond i t ion  and t h e  TQCM accret ions show an 
immediate response. 
d i f f e r e n t  temperatures i n  preparat ion fo r  deorb i t .  However, because o f  landing 
s i t e  condi t ions,  deo rb i t  was delayed f o r  1 day. 
Towards t h e  end o f  t h e  day the  TQCM's were a l l  set  t o  
A-174 
C 
m 
.r( 
r( 
m 
3 
L: 
n 
4 
0 12 
C + J c  4J m 3 m  JJ 
.r( c - i  m 
r( v ) r (  
m m o  
0 L 
3 m = ,  o z J I  0 
n a n  o 
4 4 4  4 
18 24 
A t t  f tude 
Da y/Ni gh t 
0 2 4 8 10 12 14 16 10 20 22 24 
Time o f  Day. MET Hour 
Day 7 
The data shown f o r  day 7 i s  taken from t h e  r e a l - t i m e  transmissions. 
a v a i l  ab le o n l y  when t h e  O r b i t e r  passed over an appropr ia te  ground s t a t i o n .  
These are  
The TQCM's temperatures were rese t  on day 7 f o r  d e o r b i t  which occurred a t  about 
2300 hours. 
F a 
ea 
A-175 
.+ + + + TQCM 1 
.+ .+ + TQCM 2 
r + t + + +  
Mission Elapsed Time, Days 
I n  order  t o  see some o f  t h e  longer- term t rends ,  t h e  da ta  f o r  t h e  f o u r  TQCM's 
was p l o t t e d  s e l e c t i n g  po r t i ons  about 10 o r b i t s  apar t  ( t o  s i m p l i f y  t h e  data 
reduc t ion  process). The da ta  shown have been normalized by s e t t i n g  them a l l  
t o  zero a t  one t i m e  (day 0, 06:46:17). 
The t h r e e  bake-outs t h a t  were conducted are  shown on t h i s  char t .  
There i s  a general downward t r e n d  f o r  TQCM 1 i n t o  day 5 and a general upward 
t rend  f o r  TQCM's 2, 3, and 4. 
them i n  t h e  pe r iod  from about day 5-1/2 t o  day 6-1/2. 
BTS c o n d i t i o n  and occurs when we would expect outgassing t o  increase. 
Most s t r i k i n g  i s  t h e  upward t r e n d  f o r  a l l  of 
Th is  corresponds t o  t h e  
A-1 76 
rime D i  f f erence -- Thickness D i f f e r e n c e ,  pm/10 (Angstrom U n i t s )  
TQCM 1, A f t  TQCM 3, Out TQCM 4. Stbd 
lay 2 t o  Day 4 -5 
lay 2 t o  Day 7 4-89 
-10 
+40 
+7 
4-59 
Thickness D i f f e r e n c e s  Between Bake-outs 
It i s  most i n t e r e s t i n g  t o  no te  t h e  r e s u l t s  of t h e  t h r e e  bake-outs conducted on 
days 2, 4, and 7. 
The d i f f e r e n c e  i n  t h e  th icknesses i n d i c a t e d  by t h e  TQCM's a f t e r  a p e r i o d  a t  +60OC 
between days 2 and 4 show two a t  a lower  th ickness  on t h e  l a t e r  da te  and one w i t h  
an inc rease i n  7 nm/lO (Angstrom u n i t s ) .  
even w i t h  bake-out, t h e r e  was a ne t  inc rease o f  40 t o  89 nm/lO (Angstrom u n i t s )  
between days 2 and 7. Th is  inc ludes  t h e  p e r i o d  when t h e  O r b i t e r  was i n  t h e  RTS. 
(TQCM 2 data i s  no t  presented because i t s  temperature was not  a t  t60OC d u r i n g  
bake-outs on days 4 and 7.) 
However, t h e  second l i n e  shows t h a t ,  
M r .  Car l  Maag o f  JPL w i l l  con t inue t h i s  p resen ta t i on  and w i l l  d iscuss da ta  taken 
du r ing  ascent and descent and w i l l  p resent  t h e  conclusions. 
A-177 
1 
ACCRETION DURING DESCENT PHASE 
ENTRY 
ENDl r400.000 
W 
._._._._._. -.-._._._. -.-.A TOCM 3, OUT 
1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 T T+40  rnin 
ELAPSED TIME FROM TOUCHDOWN (hrs) 
The data on t h i s  f i g u r e  i s  referenced back t o  approximately 4 minutes p r i o r  
t o  launch. 
TQCM 4 t o  +15oC i n  p repara t ion  f o r  entry.  
these temperatures through t h e  land ing  phase. 
TQCM 1 was s e t  t o  OOC, TQCM 2 t o  -1OOC, TQCM 3 t o  - 5 O C ,  and 
The system was designed t o  ho ld  
The data has no t  been co r rec ted  f o r  temperature e f fec ts  on t h e  TQCM. 
It i s  i n t e r e s t i n g  t o  no te  t h a t  not even TQCM 2 a t  -1OOC showed a very l a r g e  
increase or stopped o s c i l l a t i n g  by t h e  t ime  o f  end o f  data. This  i n d i c a t e s  
t h a t  t h e  dew p o i n t  was below -1OOC f o r  t h e  per iod  over which t h e  data was 
taken. 
RESULTS 
c ALL OBJECTIVES OF. CMP WERE MCT. PRINCIPALLY TllAT OF 
DEMONSTRATING THE USEFULLNESS OF AN OPERATIONAL 
MONITOR FOR CONTAMINATION MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 
MASS ACCRETION HIGHLY WPENWNT UPON ORBITER ATTITUDE 
AND TEMPERATURE 
SOLAR VIEWING ATTACHED PAYLOADS MAY BE SUBJECT TO 
IRREVERSIBE DEGRADATION BY NON-REhWVABLE DEPOSITS 
The major r e s u l t s  based on t h e  da ta  reduc t ion  t o  da te  a re  expressed on t h i s  
f igure .  
A-178 


OSS-1/contamination monitor

Abstract

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