The development of a methodology for annual estimates of irrigated rice crop in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using remote sensing techniques is proposed. The project involves interpretation, digital analysis, and sampling techniques of LANDSAT imagery. Results are discussed from a preliminary phase for identifying and evaluating irrigated rice crop areas in four counties of the State, for the crop year 1982/1983. This first phase involved just visual interpretation techniques of MSS/LANDSAT images

Deassuncao, G. V.

Moreira, M. A.

Novaes, R. A.

Parada, N. D. J.

English

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(E84-10131) IRRIGATED RICE AREA ESTIMATION 1484-26081
USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES: PROJECT$$
PEGPOSAL AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS (Institute
de Pesquisas Espac.ais, Sao Jose) 10 p Uuclas
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1. Publication N9 2.	 Version 3. Date 5.	 Distribution
INPE-3205-PRE1504 May, 1984 Ci Internal ED External
q Restricted4. Origin	 Program
DDS	 TRANSF
6. Key words - selected by the author(s)
IRRIGATED RXCE CROP AREA	 SAMPLING" SYSTEM
REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES
7. U.D.C.:	 528. ?11.7 63=3.18 (876.5)
8. Title	 INPE-305-PRE1504 10.	 N9 of pages:	 08
IRRIGATED RICE AREA ESTIMATION USING REMOTE 11.	 Last page:	 OF
SENSING TECHNIQUES; PROJECT'S PROPOSAL	 AND
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 12.	 Revised by
9. Authorship GetuZio Vargas de Assunpao
Mauricio Alves Moreira
Rene Antonio Novaes Antonio Ro erto Formaggio
13. Authorized by
Responsible author
	 I-AM
ldNelsonrada
Director General
14. Abstract/Notes	 U
The objective of this work is to propose the development
of a methodology for annual estimates of irrigated rice crop in the
State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using remote sensing techniques. The
proposed project involves interpretation, digital analysis, and sampling
techniques of LANDSAT imagery. This pager also presents an experimental
phase with the objective of developing a methodology for the identifica
tion and evaluation of irrigated rice crop areas in four counties of the
State,for the crop year 198211983. This first phase has involved just
visual interpretation techniques of MSS/LANDSAT images.
15. Remarks Accepted for publication on vhe Proceedings of the XV ISPRS
(International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Congress),
to be held in Rio de Janeiro on June 18-29, 1984.
The rice crop (Orly. sa
presents the largest
the world. Consideri;
Brazil and the State
developed to achieve
rice cultivars.
sati,^	 L.) is one of the most i:mDortant foods, for it
consumption and occupies tree greatest cultivated area in
7g the economical importance of this culture both for
of Rio Grande do Sul, several researches have been
greater yields through the selection of more productive
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IRRIGATED RICE AREA ESTIMITION USING REMOTE SE NSING TECHNIQUES:
PROJECT'S PROPOSAL AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS.
Getu"lin Vargas de Assunga- o
Mauricio Alves Moreira
Rene Antonio Novaes
CNPq - Instituto de Pesquisas Espacais - INPE
12200 - Sao Jose dos Campos - SP' - Brasil
W.G. 4/62
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to propose the development of a methodology for
annual estimates of irrigated rice crop areas in the State of Rio Grande do
Sul, Brazil, using remote sensing techniques. The proposed project involves
interpretation, digital analysis, and sampling techniques of LANDSAT imagery.
This paper also presents an experimental phase with the objective of develop
ing a methodology for the identification and evaluation of irrigated rice
crop areas in four counties of the State, for the crop year 1982/83. This first
phase has involved just visual interpretation techniques of MSS/LANDSAT images.
1.. IN7TRODL'CTI ON;
Another important point of view is the need to seek more accurate methods to
evaluate rice production in order to provide means for better trade actions.
The use of remote sensing techniques for crop identification and area
assessment has been proved to be an effective tool and of great potentiality.
Due to multispectral, synoptic, repetitive and global coverage properties
provided by land remote sensing systems, it is possible to monitor the
expansion of crop areas and to evaluate periodically the area of a crop of
interest.
The objective of this work is to propose the development of methodologies for
annual estimate of irrigated rice area cultivated in the State of Rio Grande
do Sul, using remote sensing techniques through visual interpretation of
MSS/LANDSAT images, computeryzed techniques for LANDSAT data management and
through a sampling system.
2. STUDY AREA,
This project proposes to analyze the whole irrigated rice crop area of the
State of Rio Grande do Sul. (FIGURE 1).
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FIGURE 1 - Irrigated rice crop region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul.
3. PHASES OF THE PROJECT
For the development of the proposed methodology, this project will be divided
into 5 distinct phases presented in the flow diagram that follows.
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITIES
4.1 - FIRST PHASE - IRRIGATED RICE CROP IDENTIFICATION MID AREA MAPPING
LOUGH VISUAL INTERPRETATION OF LANI)SAT DATA
In this phase., visual interpretation methodology will be applied using the
following MSS/LANDSAT products: black and white imageries (channels HISS-5
and MSS-7) and color infrared composite imageries, all at the scale of
1:250.000. The spectral criterion krill be utilized as well as the rice
crop seasonal variation.
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The objectives of this phasb will be:
a) to define the dates for better identification and evaluation of the
irrigated crop area in that region;
b) to develop methodologies for estimating the accuracy and precision of the
visual interpretation.
To roach these objectives, representative areas will be defined in all the
rice crop regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul in order to observe the
possible variations between the irrigated rice crops and neighbouring targets.
These variations include mainly the size and shape of crop fields, the
9	 different spectral signatures of the race crops, the soil influences and the
phytosanitary conditions.
Firstly, a bibliographic research will be made to obtain physiographic data
of these areas and a field information collection.
In order to obtain cloud-free LANDSAT data of the study areas, a survey of all
the passages over those regions will be made during the following rice crop
stages: planting, jointing, heading, flowering soft dough and harvesting.
For each stage of the crop, LANDSAT data from at least one satellite passage
will be acquired. For each acquired data a visual
interpretation will be made. Subsequently the results will be analyzed
quantitatively to define the best dates for the rice crop identification.
During this phase two fields checks will be realized to settle uncertainties
of interpretation and to evaluate the utilized methodology.
4.2 - SECOND PHASE - DIGITAL PROCESSING AND SAMPLING SYSTB1 FOR RICE CROP
AREA ESTIMATION
x	 The objec';ivesof this phase are:
a) development'of a methodology for rice crop identification and classification
through computer-aided techniques;
b) definition of a sampling system for rice crop area estimation;
}	 ) comparison of the results of this phase with the results of the firstP
phase.
Initially each study area will be stratified, considering that care should be
taken for large areas with considerable variations in grouch stage, field
size, field shape, soil types, etc. Certainly a stratification of these
areas into homogeneous strata should provide better accuracy and precision
of the obtained results.
The next step is the LANDSAT data acquisition for these study areas.
For the establishment of one digital classification methodology,a study with
several classification annroaches (su pervised and unsunervised classifications)
will. be
 realized using different classifiers implemented in INPE's (Institute
for Space Research) Image-100 System.
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Subsequently the definition of a sampling system (a statistic method, a unit
size and a sample size) must also be investigated
The results of the irrigated rice crop area estimation obtained both through
	
a .	 the computer-aided procedure and the sampling system will be compared with
the results obtained in the first phase of the project. The objective of these
comparisons is to quantify aspects of costs, expendend time, precision and
accuracy.
i
The methodologies obtained in the first and second phases must be developed
t	 with MSS/LANDSAT data acquired in the same crop year, in order to achieve
	
. 	 bet the visual and automatic methods.a comparison b sis be 
4.3 - THIRD PMSE, - RICE CROP AREA ESTZI•i4TION THROUGH SAMPLING SYSTENI USING
VISUAL I IEIVREI'ATIONNT CO,MPU 'ER-AMED ANALYSIS OF THE MSS
	 SAT
DA i'A
	
'	 The objective of this phase is the rice crop area estimation on all the
State of Rio Grande do Sul, through the sampling system defined in the
s
second phase.
In this phase, a stratification of the irrigated rice drop region of the
State of Rio Grande do Sul must be made. For each stratum a representative'
sample will be extracted through a simple random procedure without reposition.
The irrigated rice area of each sampled unit will be obtained using the
visual interpretation and the computer-aided methodologies defined in the
first and second phases.
results obtained from each sampled unit will be in	 cput to the statistiThe 	 	 i
method for the irrigated rice crop area estimation for each stratum.
The total irrigated rice crop area estimation for the State of Rio Grande do
Sul will be obtained through the aggregation of the estimated area for each
stratum.
The performance of the utilized methodologies (visual interpretation, computer-
-aided analysis and sampling system) will be indicated by the precision and
the accuracy that will also be calculated in this phase.
4.4 - FOURTH PHASE - TEST AND EVALUATION OF,THE METI-IODOLOGY
In order to fret operational, any methodology must be tested and evaluated.p	 gY
For that, this phase will consist of several applications of the procedures
established anteriorly, in order to turn the irrigated rice crop area estimatior
system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul feasible.
During this phase, other precision and accuracy indexes will be obtained in
order to evaluate the established methodology.
4.5 - FIFTH PI]ASE: OPERATION OF THE METHODOLOGY
'	 phase will consist in transferring this methodologyIbis a
	 g	  l y to governmental and
private organs, in order to provide parameters to the rice crop yield.
estimation for the State of Rio Grande do Sul.
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ORIGINAL, PAGF tea
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S. FIRST PHASE RESULTS
In August 1982' the Instituto de Pes uisas Es aciais - INPE in collaboration
a	
with the Insituto Rio Grandense do Arroz -IRGA, elaborated a study plan for
I	 irrigated rice crop identification, mapping and area evaluation on four
J	 municipalities, and considered test sites selected in differents rice crops
E	 regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. This study was considered an
a	 ,
experimental project.
Several MSSAANDSAT imageries were used for this study, and the Table 1 shows
the path/row of these data.
i
TEST S7TE PATH ROW DATE
Santa Vitoria do Palmar 222 83 11/10/82
12/11/82
20/03/83
05/04/83
Dom Pedrito 223 & 821 81 18/10/82
22/01/83
Itaqui 224 80 09/10/82
28/12/82
Cachoeira do Sul 222 81 12/11/82
30/12/82
20/03/83
TABLE 1 - Path, row and acquisition dates of 	 the
MSS/LANDSAT data for the test sites studied.
The Table 2 shows the obtained results employing the methodology proposed in
the first phase, using visual interpretation, where MSS/LANDSAT data for
this 1982/1983 crop year were utilized. This table also shows information
about the irrigated rice crop area provided by the Centro de Estatistica do
IRGA (IRGA Statistic Center) and by the Banco do Brasil (Brazilian Bank).
TEST SITES RICE CROP AREA FOR THE 1982/1983  CROP YEAR (IN HECTARESMSS/LANDSAT BANCO DO BRASIL IRGA
S. Vitoria do Palmar 67,065 64,000 57,000
Itaqui. 36,537 34,000 42,800
Dom Pedrito 260100 UNAVAILABLE 24,520
Cachoeira do Sul 29,987 21,282 253000
TABLE 2 - Rice crop area obtained through visual interpretation of MSS/LANDSAT
data, Centro de Estatistica do IRGA and Banco do Brasil, for the
1982/1983 crop year.
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G, FIRST PHASE CUNCLUSIONS
Considering that the first phase objectives were to study the rce crop
spectral signature patterns in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and to
estimate the cultivated rice- crop area for each test site established in
the 3982/1983 crop year, tlke following conclusions were reached:
1) The MSS/LANDSAT imageries present attributes that make possible to
identify and to evaluate the irrigated rice crop area for the State
of Rio Grande do Sul conditions.
2) Considering that it was not possible to obtain MSS/LA\'DSt;: data for
	 #
every rice crop growing stages, due to the great cloud incidence over
the test sites in the 1982/1983 crap year, a new research is recommended
in order to define the best dates for the rice crop identification.
}
i


Irrigated rice area estimation using remote sensing techniques: Project's proposal and preliminary results

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