A combustion engine having no piston, a single cylinder, and a dual-action, that is applicable for solid and liquid fuels and propellants, and that functions according to the principle of annealing point ignition is presented. The invention uses environmentally benign amounts of fuel and propellants to produce gas and steam pressure, and to use a simple assembly with the lowest possible consumption and constant readiness for mixing and burning. The advantage over conventional combustion engines lies in lower consumption of high quality igniting fluid in the most cost effective manner

Pabst, W.

English

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NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NASA TM 77714
COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR SOLID AND LIQUID FUELS
W. Pabst
(N6S&-TH-77714) COHBUSfJON ENGINE FOR SOLID N86-21855
AND LIQUID FUELS= JNational Aeronautics and
Space administration) 10 p HC A02/MF &Q1
CSCL 131 Unclas
G3/37 05724
Translation of "Brennkraftmaschine fiir feste und fliissige
Brennstoffe," West German patent declaration P 34 40 370.1,
Cologne, West Germany, November 5, 1984, pp. 1-8.
MR 198 6 ^
«W£IV£0
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 MARCH 1986
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SOLID FUELS
COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR LIQUID AND
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March 1986
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Washington, DC 220546
IX. Sponiorin-p Ap»ncy Coci*
15. Suppi.m.ntory Not., Translation of "Brenndraftmaschine fuer feste und fluessige
Brennstoffe," West German patent declaration P 34 40 370.1, Cologne, West
Germany, November 5, 1984, pp. 1-8.'
The invention deals with a combustion engine having no piston, a single
cylinder, and a dual-action, that is applicable fethsolid and liquid fuels and
propellants, and that functions according to the principle of annealing point
ignition. The invention uses environ-mentally benign amounts of fuel and pro-
pellants to produce gas and steam pressure, and to use a simple assembly with"^
the lowest possible consumption and-constant readiness for mixing arid burning.
The advantage of this .invention as compated to- conventional combustion 'engines
lies, in lower.consumption of high-quality igniting fluid in the most cost-
effective manner.
ORIGINAL PAGE i3
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NASA-HQ 2
COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR LIQUID AND SOLID FUELS
W. Pabst
The invention deals with a combustion engine having no /I*
piston, a single cylinder, and a dual-action, that is applicable
for solid and liquid fuels and propellants, and that functions
according to the principle of annealing point ignition, which is
triggered by a foreign, hypergolic liquid igniting agent. The
use of electricity for annealing and igniting is not absolutely
necessary for normally dimensioned combustion engines. The
single cylinder operation may involve a multiple cylinder
application depending on casing construction.
The combustion engine in this invention consists of a block
with a cylinder recessed in its middle. A partition and a gate
subdivide the cylinder longitudinally in two halves creating two
identical combustion chambers, in which different fuels are mixed
and combusted in alternation while propellants are injected in a
final step.
On the one hand power issues mechanically from the cylinder
axle to which the swinging gate is attached, or it is generated
by the vaporized gas directed alternat ingly into exhaust channels
and thus, according to the direction, causing thrust or
rotation.
Examples of common combustion engines which operate with
different fuels and propellants are the steam engine and flight
turbine drives.
While the steam engine generally burns coal to produce /2
steam pressure, the flight turbine drive operates with high
quality liquid fuel, as well as with injected water to increase
thrust power, and with a so-called booster for reheating.
*Numbers in the margin indicate pagination in the foreign text.
These additional assemblies underline what is principally
necessary to obtain optimum thrust power. These elements are
not, however, combined in the drive mechanisms known to us, which
is already evident from the fact that water injection is possible
only for a maximum of 2.5 minutes.
Disadvantages of the steam engine include its large volume,
long heating time, and excessive weight from fuel and machinery.
Further disadvantages which occur with the flight turbine are the
explosive effect of the liquid fuel in case of accidents, the
large tank space needed, and the damaging influence of exhaust
gases on the environment.
Substantial amounts of expensive, high-quality liquid fuel
are consumed, while in reality this fuel should be necessary only
for triggering the combustion process of cheaper materials.
The annealing head motor must be considered when comparing
annealing point combustion to the processes discussed above.
This motor is sturdy and processes nearly all liquid fuels. It
does, however, have the disadvantage of high consumption,
producing useless and damaging gases, and requiring complicated
assemblies for initial firing and injection.
For this reason, the present invention intends to use
environmentally benign amounts of fuel and propellants to produce
gas and steam pressure, and to use a simple assembly with the
lowest possible consumption and constant readiness for mixing and
burning.
Ignition should occur safely and dependably even without
batteries. As far as possible, the structural parts should
perform several functions simultaneously, and they should be /3
as lightweight as possible. The combustion, water injection, and
afterburning make it possible to use one and the same motor in
this system.
Accordingly, the combustion engine in this invention is
equipped with a cylindrical pressure chamber, through the middle
of which runs a cylinder axle, preferably constructed as a pipe
or, to fit specifications, formed by two pipe sections or bolts
running through the center point of the cylinder's surfaces and
positioned in the block. A swinging gate is connected to this
axial mounting. When the cylinder is in the horizontal position,
the gate hangs down and fills up half the cylinder's longitudinal
cross section with its flat surface. A section of the gate's
edge directed against the cylinder lining forms a stripping edge
or toothed rim. Thus, the swinging gate can scrape small amounts
of one or more cartridges of solid fuel fed to the cylinder
lining from below and disperse the resulting dust particles
alternatingly to one side or the other. The gate swings upward
with the flakes building up in front of the gate, compresses the
air entering from the middle of the swing area, and strikes
against the filigree-coated clamps of a preferably wedge-shaped
separating wall directed from above against the cylinder axle.
This separating wall likewise fills up half the cylinder's
longitudinal cross section and combines with the gate to divide
the cylinder into two identical combustion chambers. The
separating wall's core is permeable or equipped with channels and
serves as the source for a liquid igniting material which
releases the swinging gate's fiber-filled, preferably lens-shaped
clamps whose side surfaces are recessed on both sides into the
separating wall. The mixing of the flakes with the igniting
material in the presence of compressed air causes ignition and
combustion. This forces the gate onto the opposite side, /4
where this process is repeated. The excess gas pressure is
released each time into exhaust channels located on the sides. A
mixture of water and alcohol is introduced into these channels to
further increase the pressure by evaporation. The filigree
coating on the clamps is heated to incandescence as the
alternating combustion process continues. Thus, the coatings
assume the igniting function, so that no further igniting fluid
needs to be used.
The advantage of this process as compared to conventional
combustion engines lies in lower consumption of high-quality
igniting fluid, which is used here only to induce the burning
process using cheap fuel, which, likewise, as a result of the
scraping process, is used in the most cost-effective manner.
Batteries and magnetic igniters are not necessary, nor are
starter motors, since the amount of energy required for the
gate's first motion is low enough for this operation to be
executed manually.
The gate, which represents the most important structural
component, assumes multiple functions simultaneously. It
determines the amount of solid fuel and disperses it, brings it
in contact with the igniting agent, thereby compresses the air,
and serves as a valve for both combustion chambers.
The solid fuel is pushed from a cartridge against one or more
openings in the cylinder wall, and, in case of accidents, will
not explode, as was the case with the liquid fuels used to date.
The solid fuel takes up less space, and, as such, the amount of
solid fuel stored onboard makes longer air flights possible.
Cartridges can be replaced in seconds, while fuel supplying
and tanking with combustion engines used to date take a greater
amount of time.
The drawings provide a detailed example of the invention. /5
Figure 1 shows a parallel view of the cylinder with its
intake and exhaust channels. The drawing has been made without
block contours to enhance clarity.
Figure 2 shows a cross section through the middle of the
cylinder and the block.
Cylinder 1 is in its horizontal position in both drawings.
It is situated on cartridge 2, which is standing vertically.
This cartridge is pushing its solid fuel contents 3 against the
lower cylinder wall.
Gate 4 is hung so that it swings on cylinder axis 5, and
combines with wedge-shaped, permanently fixed partition 6 to
divide cylinder 1 lengthwise into two halves. This forms two
identical combustion chambers 7 and 8.
Gate 4, which is shown hanging down in the resting position,
exhibits toothing 9 on the lower edge. As the gate swings back
and forth this toothing first scrapes solid fuel 3 which emits
from cartridge 2, and the alternatively disperses this fuel into
combustion chambers 7 and 8.
Wedge-shaped partition 6 which is secured from above through
block 10 against cylinder axle 5 exhibits a forked channel 11 in
its middle for introducing the igniting agent. This channel
forking supplies liquid igniting agent to the two clamps 12
located in the partition's sides.
Ventilation channels 13 are shown in fig. 1 on both sides
against the cylinder surfaces under cylinder 5. These channels
are not needed when air is blown through the cylinder axle
itself.
Exhaust channels 14 turn out on both the left and right sides
from the middle of the cylinder wall. Injection channels 15
supply the exhaust channels with liquid activators.
Patent Claims /6
1. Combustion engine having no piston, a single cylinder,
and dual-action, that is applicable for solid and liquid fuels
whereby the cylinder (1) is divided by a gate (4) hung on the
cylinder's inner axle and filling out half of its longitudinal
cross section, and a preferably wedge-shaped, regenerating
partition (6) located against the cylinder axle and which fills
the cylinder's other logitudinal cross section, with the result
being two combustion chambers (7 and 8). The gate (4), set in
swinging motion by the pressure in the opposing chamber,
alternatingly introduces fuel mixtures intended for combustion
into the two chambers and compresses them.
2. Dual-action combustion engine of Claim 1 whereby an
igniting agent is supplied to both sides of the partition (6).
3. Dual-action combustion engine of Claims 1 and 2, whereby
the gate's edge has toothing (9), or else a scraping edge, with
which the swinging gate scrapes off solid fuel (3) which is
pressed into the cylinder in a regulated fashion as it emerges
from at least one input opening.
4. Dual-action combustion engine of Claims 1 through 3 /7
whereby fireproof balls (12) which can be saturated for
introducing igniting liquid are released on both sides of the
partition (6).
5. Dual-action combustion engine of Claims 1 through 4
whereby the balls (12) released in the partition (6) have a
filigree metal coating (16).
6. Dual-action combustion engine of Claims 1 through 5
whereby air is introduced through openings in the pipe-shaped
cylinder axle (5).
8
7. Dual-action combustion engine of Claims 1 through 6
whereby the geometric cylinder (1) is replaced by an
alternatively designed, hollow space taking the shape of a
rotating body.
16
10


Combustion engine for solid and liquid fuels

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