NASA Aerospace Medicine and Bioiogi - A Continuing Bibliography with Indexes NASA SP-7011(291) December 1986 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870004491 2020-03-20T13:45:46+00:00Z . ACCESSION NUMBER RANGES Accession numbers cited in this Supplement fall within the follclwing ranges. STAR (N-10000 Series) N86-29762 - N86-31524 IAA (A-10000 Series) A86-43459 - A86-47158 This bibliography was prepared by the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by RMS Associates NASA SP-7011(291) AND BIOLOGY A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES (Supplement 291) A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in November 1986 in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA). Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1986 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC This supplement is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161, price code A04. INTRODUCTION This Supplement to Aerospace Medicine andBiologylists 131 reports, articles and other documents announced during November 1986 in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) or in Inter- national Aerospace Abstracts (MA). The first issue of the bibliography was published in July 1964. In its subject coverage, Aerospace Medicine and Biologyconcentrates on the biological, physiolog- ical, psychological, and environmental effects to which man is subjected during and following simulated or actual flight in the Earth’s atmosphere or in interplanetary space. References describing similar effects of biological organisms of lower order are also included. Such related topics as sanitary problems, pharmacology, toxicology, safety and survival, life support systems, exobiology, and person- nel factors receive appropriate attention. In general, emphasis is placed on applied research, but references to fundamental studies and theoretical principles related to experimental development also qualify for inclusion. Each entry in the bibliography consists of a bibliographic citation accompanied in most cases by an abstract. The listing of the entries is arranged by STARcategories 51 through 55, the Life Sciences division. The citations, and abstracts when available, are reproduced exactly as they appeared originally in IAA or STAR, including the original accession numbers from the respective announcement journals. The IAA items will precede the STAR items within each category. Seven indexes - subject, personal author, corporate source, foreign technology, contract, report number, and accession number - are included. An annual index will be prepared at the end of the calendar year covering all documents listed in the 1986 Supplements. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Category 51 Life Sciences (General) Includes genetics. Category 52 Aerospace Medicine Includes physiological factors; biological effects of radiation; and weightlessness. Category 53 Behavioral Sciences Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; and psychiatric research. Category 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support Includes human engineering; biotechnology; and space suits and protective clothing. Category 55 Planetary Biology Includes exobiology; and extraterrestrial life. Page 391 394 403 405 41 0 Subject Index ................................................................................................................................ A-1 Personal Author Index ................................................................................................................. B-1 Corporate Source Index .............................................................................................................. C-1 Foreign Technology Index ........................................................................................................... D-1 Contract Number Index ............................................................................................................... E-1 Report Number Index .................................................................................................................. F-1 Accession Number Index ........................................................................................................... G-1 iv TYPICAL REPORT CITATION AND ABSTRACT NASA SPONSORED 1 r ON MICROFICHE ACCESSlON NUMBER- N86-11830'# Massachusetts Inst. of Tech , Cambridge. Dept - CORPORATE SOURCE of Applied Biological Science. CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO FOOD COMPONENTS: TITLE- UTILIZATION OF NON-CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS FOR POTENTIAL FOR UTILIZATION OF ALGAE IN ENGINEERED FOODS Annual Report PUBLICATION DATE AUTHORS- M. KAREL, A. R. KAMAREI. and Z. NAKHOST Mar. 1 9 8 5 4 p refs (Contract NCC2-231) AVAILABILITY SOURCE REPORT NUMBERS- (NASA-CR-176257, NAS 1 26 176257) Avail NTfiS HC AO3IMF -PRICE CODE >hEal:fc nutritional components of the green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) grown in a Constant Cell density Apparatus were determined Suitable methodology to prepare proteins from which three major undesirable components of these cells (I e , cell walls, nucleic acids, and pigments) were either removed or substantially reduced was developed Results showed that processing of green algae to protein isolate enhances its potential nutritional and organoleptic acceptability as a diet component in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System Author COSATI CODE TYPICAL JOURNAL ARTICLE CITATION AND ABSTRACT NASA SPONSORED ACCESSION NUMBER - A86-12001' National Biomedical Research Foundation, Washington, D. C. NEW PERSPECTIVES ON BACTERIAL FERREDOXIN - TITLE EVOLUTION (National Biomedical Research Foundation, Washington, DC)- AUTHOR'S AFFILIATION AUTHORS - D. G. GEORGE, L. T. HUNT, L.-S. L. YEH. and W. C. BARKER TITLE OF PERIODICAL - Journal of Molecular Evolution (ISSN 0022-2844), VOI. 22. no. 1, PUBLICATION DATE 1985. p. 20-31. refs (Contract NASW-3954; NIH-GM-08710; NIH-RR-01821) - Ferredoxins are low-molecular-weight, nonheme, iron proteins which function as electron carriers in a wide variety of electron transport chains. Howard et al. (1983) have suggested that the amino end of Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin shows a greater similarity to the carboxyl end of ferredoxin from Chromatium vinosum and that their half-chain sequences are homologous when the half-chains of either species are considered in inverse order. Examination of this proposition has made it necessary to reevaluate previous conclusions concerning the evolution of bacterial ferredoxin. Attention is given to the properties of the bacterial ferredoxin sequences, and the evolution of the bacterial ferredoxins. G.R. CONTRACT NUMBERS V ~~~~~~ AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A Continuing Bibliography (Suppl. 291) 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes genetics. A06-43540# ALTERATION OF RAT BRAIN CATECHOLAMINE LEVELS UNDER HYPOXIA I. SAKURAI and A. NAKAMURA Japan Air Self Defence Force, Aeromedical Laboratory, Reports (ISSN 0023-2858), vol. 26, Dec. 1985, p. 181-186. In Japanese, with abstract in English. An investigation was conducted to ascertain the effects that hypobaric and hypoxic hypoxia have on catecholamine (CA) synthesis in the brain of a rat. Male Wistar rats were exposed to either a simulated altitude of 18,000 ft (corresponding to 10.5 percent 02) for a time period approaching 72 hrs or to hypoxic gas mixtures (10, 7 and 6 percent 02) for a period of 2 hrs. Norephinephrine (NE) concentration decreased initially and then stabilized at the control level despite continued hypoxic conditions at 18,000 ft. Dopamine (DA) levels significantly increased upon 6 hrs of hypoxic exposure and ultimately stabilized at the control level. The increment at which DA decreased upon 2 hrs of hypoxic exposure was parallel to the severity of the hypoxia. The NE concentration decreased linearly with the concentration of oxygen present during exposure. K.K. refs A0643676 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM RHYTHMS AND THE BODY'S BIOLOGICAL CLOCK [RITMY PISHCHEVARITEL'NOI SISTEMY I BlOLOGlCHESKlE 'CHASY' ORGANIZMA] N. N. LEBEDEV (Nauchno-lssledovatel'skii lnstitut Obshchei Patologii i Patologicheskoi Fiziologii, Moscow, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 001 5-329)0, vol. 72, April 1986, p. 466-475. In Russian. refs A0643677 THE ROLE OF GRAVITY IN PRODUCING DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CHANGES [O ROLl GRAVITATSIONNOGO FAKTORA V FORMlROVANll IZMENENII PISHCHEVARITEL'NOI SISTEMY] K. V. SMIRNOV Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 001 5-329)0, vol. 72, April 1986, p. 484-489. In Russian. The effect of sustained weightlessness on the activities of gastraintestinal proteases, carbohydrases, and lipases was investigated in rats flown aboard the Cosmos 782, 936, and 11 29 biosatellites. Homogenized gastric mucosa and pancreas and homogenized and intact mucosa of small intestine were analyzed 5-6 h after landing. Compared with the ground-based controls, rats exposed to weightlessness exhibited activation of proteolytic enzymes and pancreatic lipase and suppression of amylase activity. The activity of intestinal lipase was redistributed: a decrease in the proximal segment was accompanied with a significant increase in the distal end. The morphological examination of gastric mucosa revealed signs of hypersecretion syndrome. The use of artificial gravity during flights had a normalizing effect on proteolytic enzymes but suppressed the activity of pancreatic amylase even more and had no effect on lipolytic activities. Twenty-five days refs DECEMBER 1986 after the landing, enzyme activities were close to control levels. IS. A0644195 SOLUTE CONDUCTANCE OF BLOOD-GAS BARRIER IN HAMSTERS EXPOSED TO HYPEROXIA D. WANGENSTEEN, R. PIPER, J. A. JOHNSON, A. A. SINHA, and D. NIEWOEHNER (Minnesota, University; USVA, Medical Center, Minneapolis) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161 -7567), vol. 60, June 1986, p. 1908-1 91 6. refs A86-44196' Marquette Univ., Milwaukee, Wis. SUSPENSION AND IMMOBILIZATION R. H. FITTS, J. M. METZGER, D. A. RILEY, and B. R. UNSWORTH (Marquette University; Wisconsin, University, Milwaukee) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567), vol. 60, June 1986, p. 1946-1953. refs (Contract NAG2-212; NCC2-266) The effects of 1 and 2 weeks of hindlimb suspension (HS) on the contractile properties of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles of male Sprague Dawley rats are studied and compared with hindlimb immobilization (HI) data. The optimal length and contractile properties of the slow-twitch soleus, fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus, and the vastus lateralis are measured. It is observed that HS and HI affect slow-twitch muscles; isometric twitch duration in the slow-twitch soleus is decreased. Soleus muscle mass and peak tetanic tension declines with disuse. A major difference in the influence of HS and HI on the maximal speed of soleus muscle shortening, V(max) is detected; HS produced a twofold increase in V(max) compared to control data and HI had no significant effect on V(max). The relation between V(max) and myosin concentration is analyzed. The data reveal that HS modifies slow-twitch muscle yielding hybrid fibers with elevated shortening velocities and this change may be dependent on the elimination of load-bearing contractions. I.F. MODELS OF DISUSE - A COMPARISON OF HINDLIMB A0644197 HOW WELL MIXED IS INERT GAS IN TISSUES? L. D. HOMER and P. K. WEATHERSBY (U.S. Navy, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567), vol. 60, June 1986, p. 2079-2088. Navy-supported research. refs Potential mechanisms which cause multiexponential curves for washout of inert gas from tissues are examined. Computer simulations of the random walk of gas molecules across a capillary bed are conducted and the data reveal that heterogeneity in adjacent capillaries does not cause significant relative dispersion to produce the curves. The effect of variable flow and transit time on the relative dispersion are studied. The countercurrent exchange and isotropic diffusion are analyzed. It is observed that variations in spacing and countercurrent exchange between capillaries do not produce the multiexponential character of tissue washout curves. Simple diffusion calculations are utilized to display that gas molecules can wander up to several millimeters away from their entry point during an average transit through a tissue bed. It is noted that gas molecules enter and exit tissues from vessels larger than 20 microns in diameter rather than capillaries. A hypothesis that the multiexponential character of skeletal muscle tissue inert gas washout curves are due to either heterogeneity 39 1 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) between tissue regions separated by 3 mm or more, or to countercurrent exchange in vessels larger than 2 microns in diameter is proposed. I.F. A86-44295 THE PHOTOBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION DAMAGE IN CELLS [FOTOBIOLOGICHESKIE ASPEKTY RADIATSIONNOGO PORAZHENIIA KLETOK] M. N. MIASNIK, V. G. SKVORTSOV, and V. A. SOKOLOV Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1985, 152 p. In Russian. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation damage caused in microorganisms by ionizing radiation and UV light are described, together with the mechanisms of photoreactivation by visible light. The role of DNA-located pyridine dimers in such radiobiological phenomena as the oxygen effect, radioprotective effects, and the relative biological effectiveness of ionizing radiation is considered. Special attention is given to photorecoverable damages connected with Cerenkov radiation. A biophysical model is presented for bacterial cells reacting to radiation by gamma A86-45251' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. GRADED HEMORRHAGE IN ANIMALS H. HINGHOFER-SZALKAY (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Graz, Universitaet, Austria) American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology (ISSN 0363-61 35), vol. 19, 1986, p. H342-H350. refs (Contract FFWF PROJECT 3470) Rapid fluid shifts in four pigs and two dogs subjected to graded hemorrhage are investigated. Arterial blood density (BD), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial plasma density (PD), hematocrit (Hct) and erythrocyte density were measured. The apparatus and mechancial oscillator technique for measuring density are described. Fluid shifts between red blood cells and blood plasma and alterations in the whole-body-to-large vessel Hct. F(cel1) are studied using two models. The bases of the model calculations are discussed. A decrease in MAP, CVP, and BP is detected at the beginning of hemorrhaging; continued bleeding results in further BD decrease correlating with volume displacement. The data reveal that at 15 ml/kg blood loss the mean PD and BD dropped by 0.99 + or - 0.15 and 2.42 + or 0.26 glliter, respectively, and the Hct dropped by 2.40 + or 0.47 units. The data reveal that inward-shifted fluid has a higher density than normal ultrafiltrate and/or there is a rise in the F(cell) ratio. It is noted that rapid fluid replacement ranged from 5.8 + or - 0.8 to 10.6 + or - 2.0 percent of the initial plasma volume. I.F. refs rays. I.S. CONTINUOUS BLOOD DENSITOMETRY - FLUID SHIFTS AFTER A86-453 18 THE EFFECTS OF CEREBRAL HYPOXIA AND HYPERVENTILATORY HYPOCAPNIA ON THE EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF CATS [DEISTVIE TSEREBRAL'NOI GlPOKSlI I GIPERVENTILIATSIONNOI GlPOKAPNll NA EPILEPTIFORMNUIU AKTIVNOST' KORY BOL'SHIKH POLUSHARII KOSHKI] S. I. FRANKSHTEIN, L. N. SMOLIN, and L. N. SERGEEVA (Institut Obshchei Patologii i Patologicheskoi Fiziologii, Moscow, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 001 5-329)0, vol. 72, May 1986, p. 576-579. In Russian. refs A86-45319 THE SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON THE ACTIVATION OF COLD RECEPTORS IN THE NASAL CAVITY OF CATS [PODAVLIAIUSHCHEE VLllANlE DVUOKlSl UGLERODA NA VOZBUZHDENIE KHOLODOVYKH RETSEPTOROV POLOSTI NOSA KOSHKI] V. D. GLEBOVSKll and A. V. BAEV (Pediatricheskii Meditsinskii Institut, Leningrad, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 0015-329X), vol. 72, May 1986, p. 595-602. In Russian. refs The effect of carbon dioxide concentration in the air passing through the nasal cavity on the afferent fiber impulse activity were studied in decerebrated cats. Passage of air through the nasal cavity in the direction from the nostrils to the choanes effected strong activation of cold receptors in the nasal cavity walls. When air was drawn in the opposite direction (Le., 'exhaled'), the receptors' activity decreases. When a 1, 3, or 6-percent CO2-air mixture was blown through the nasal cavity, the cold receptor activity became depressed in direct proportion to the C02 concentration. Thus, like the receptors in the process that regulates lung distension, the cold thermoreceptors in the nasal cavity possess characteristics of chemoreceptors. I S . A86-45320 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND CEREBROVASCULAR REACTIVITY AND THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF BRAIN TISSUE [O VZAlMOSVlAZl UROVNIA KROVOTOKA I REAKTIVNOSTI MOZGOVYKH SOSUDOV S FUNKTSIONAL'NYM SOSTOIANIEM TKANI MOZGA] 6. V. GAIDAR, V. N. SEMERNIA, and G. 6. VAlNSHTElN (AN SSSR, lnstitut Evoliutsionnoi Fiziologii i Biokhimii; Voenno-Meditsinskaia Akademiia, Leningrad, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 001 5-329)0, vol. 72, May 1986, p. 603-61 1. In Russian. refs Changes in the cerebral blood flow and reactivity of brain vessels to C02, taking place during the process of brain restoration, were studied in rabbits with experimental local brain lesions. In the zones within a 15-mm distance from the lesion focus, a decrease in the local blood flow was observed, with a minimum on the 2nd to 5th day after the lesion, followed by normalization on the 10th-14th day. The cerebrovascular reactivity to C02 decreased and returned to normal in a fashion similar to that exhibited by the blood flow, indicating that the vascular reactivity can serve as a valuable criterion in evaluating the process of functional restoration in brain tissue. I S . A86-45321 CHANGES IN PERICARDIAL MICROCIRCULATION IN DOGS DURING ADAPTATION TO STATIC MUSCLE LOADS [IZMENENIIA MlKROTSlRKULlATSll PERIKARDA U SOBAK PRI ADAPTATSll K STATICHESKIM MYSHECHNYM NAGRUZKAM] V. A. SHESTAKOV, A. V. MURAVEV, and L. G. ZAITSEV (Gosudarstvennyi Pedagogicheskii Institut, Yaroslavl, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 001 5-329)0, vol. 72, May 1986, p. 625-631. In Russian. refs Physiological changes in cardiovascular and respiratory systems were correlated with morphological changes taking place in the pericardial microcirculatory system of dogs adapted for 6 weeks to loads sustained daily for 1 hr at a time. The observed changes in pulse rate, respiratory rate, oxygen consumptions, and vascular permeability, which indicated increased efficiency of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, were accompanied by beneficial morphological changes in the pericardial microcirculation. These changes included decreased vascular diffusion area, capillary diameters, and blood volume, and an increased number of capillary vessels. All changes reversed during deadaptation. I S . A86-45322 THE CONTRACTILE FUNCTION AND THE ENERGY METABOLISM OF THE MYOCARDIUM UNDER EMOTIONAL STRESS AND DURING ADAPTATION OF ANIMALS TO SHORT STRESS EFFECTS [SOKRATITEL'NAIA FUNKTSllA I ENERGETICHESKII METABOLIZM MIOKARDA PRI EMOTSIONAL'NOM STRESSE I ADAPTATSII ZHIVOTNYKH K KOAOTKIM STRESSORNYM VOZDEISTVIIAM] V. V. MALYSHEV, L. S. KATKOVA, V. I. LIFANTEV, and T. P. DVORETSKAIA (Gosudarstvennyi Meditsinskii Institut, Irkutsk, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 001 5-329)0, vol. 72, May 1986, p. 632-636. In Russian. refs 392 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) A86-45323 THE EFFECT PERIPHERAL OF HYPOXIA ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE LYMPH FLOW [DINAMIKA IZMENENII PERIFERICHESKOGO LIMFOTOKA PRI DElSTVll GIPOKSII] S. G. TOPOROVA (Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Meditsinskii lnstitut Dushanbe, Tadzhik SSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 0015-329X), vol. 72, May 1986, p. 642-649. In Russian. The effect of hypoxia (1-60 min at 5000 m in a decompression chamber) on the dynamics of the direction and speed of the lymph flow in the mesenteric vessels of rats with exposed mesenterium was investigated by means of an attached microscopic installation. The vessels’ locomotor reaction to hypoxia and the changes in the vessel valve activity were also observed. Five minutes after introduction of the hypoxic condition, an increase in the lymph flow was observed, due to the following compensatory changes in the lymph vessels: a vasodilation, a decrease in the frequency of the spontaneous changes in the vessel lumen and an increase in the amplitude of these changes, and a synchronization of locomotion in lymphangiomas. During the duration of hypoxia the lymph valves remained open, with a steady distance maintained between the cuspate ends, except for brief periods of closing during equilibration of hydrostatic pressure between adjacent vessel segments. It is suggested that the funnel-like shape of the lymph valve causes a hydrostatic pressure drop (due to increased flow speed), in its narrow segment leading to a sucking effect, which I.S. refs in turn promotes lymph movement. A86-45324 THE CONTENT OF LACTIC ACID IN THE BLOOD AND ERYTHROPOIESIS DURING HYPOXIA [SODERZHANIE MOLOCHNOI KISLOTY V KVOVI I ERITROPOEZ V USLOVllAKH GIPOKSII] M. IA. SHCHUKINA (AN KSSR, lnstitut Fiziologii i Eksperimental’noi Patologii Vysokogori’ia Frunze, Kirgiz SSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 0015-329X), vol. 72, May 1986, p. 668-672. In Russian. refs The effects of acute blood loss and elevated altitude on the blood titers of lactic acid, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin were studied in rats bled to 20 to 25 percent blood loss and adapted to 760 m above the sea level, and then to 1700 m. Acute blood loss caused a threefold increase in lactic acid concentration as soon as 20 min after the bleeding, while the erythropoietic indices changed only days later. By the time the hemoglobin and erythrocyte titers increased significantly, the lactic acid titer was again at the control level. The degree of lactacemia was found to decrease with adaptation to high altitude, and was lower in female, compared with male, rats. The observed sequence of the lactacemic and erythropoietic changes supports the hypothesis of the lactacemia-induced onset of erythropoiesis. IS. A86-45960’ Calif. HYDROXYLAPATITE 0. L. ACEVEDO and L. E. ORGEL (Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA) Nature (ISSN 0028-0836), vol. 321, June 19, 1986, p. 790-792. refs (Contract NGR-05-067-001) It has been suggested that the prebiotic synthesis of the precursors of biopolymers could have occurred on a solid surface such as that provided by clay or some other mineral. One such scheme envisages that growing polymers were localized by adsorption to a mineral surface where an activating agent or activated monomers were supplied continuously or cyclically. Here, it is reported that a sequence of reactions in which initially formed oligo(G)s are reactivated by conversion to phosphorimidazolides in the presence of poly(C) and then allowed to ligate is ideal, in that repeated cycles can be carried out on the surface of hydroxylapatite, whereas in the liquid phase the cycle could be achieved only with considerable difficulty. C.D. Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, TEMPLATE-DIRECTED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE LIGATION ON I A86-46960# SPACE STATION - LIFE SCIENCES R. S. YOUNG (Management and Technical Services Co., Washington, DC) AIAA, Space Station in the Twenty-first Century, Meeting, Reno, NV, Sept. 3-5, 1986. 4 p. The use of the Space Station for biomedical research and the study of biological cellular and subcellular processes is described. The research will require: (1) a health maintenance facility, (2) a life science research facility, and (3) instruments and platforms for automatic experiments. Experiments analyzing physiological changes induced by microgravity and the relationship between gravity, cellular and organismal physiology, and biochemistry are to be performed on the Station. The development of closed ecological life support systems is to be studied on the Space Station. The Station’s facilities are also to be utilized to examine the interaction of the earth’s biota with the planet environment, and the origin, evolution, and distribution of life throughout the universe. I.F. (AIAA PAPER 86-2346) N86-30302’# National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. LIFE SCIENCES SPACE STATION PLANNING DOCUMENT A REFERENCE PAYLOAD FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES RESEARCH FACILITY Aug. 1986 132 p (NASA-TM-89188; NAS 1.15:89188) Avail: NTlS HC A07/MF A01 CSCLO6B The Space Station, projected for construction in the early 1990s, will be an orbiting, low-gravity, permanently manned facility providing unprecedented opportunities for scientific research. Facilities for Life Sciences research will include a pressurized research laboratory, attached payloads, and platforms which will allow investigators to perform experiments in the crucial areas of Space Medicine, Space Biology, Exobiology, Biospherics and Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). These studies are designed to determine the consequences of long-term exposure to space conditions, with particular emphasis on assuring the permanent presence of humans in space. The applied and basic research to be performed, using humans, animals, and plants, will increase our understanding of the effects of the space environment on basic life processes. Facilities being planned for remote observations from platforms and attached payloads of biologically important elements and compounds in space and on other planets (Exobiology) will permit exploration of the relationship between the evolution of life and the universe. Space-based, global scale observations of terrestrial biology (Biospherics) will provide data critical for understanding and ultimately managing changes in the Earth’s ecosystem. The life sciences community is encouraged to participate in the research potential the Space Station facilities will make possible. This document provides the range and scope of typical life sciences experiments which could be performed within a pressurized laboratory module on Space Station. Author N86-31207# ADVANTAGES OF THE GAS EXCHANGE APPROACH TO MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES Memorandum Report, 1983 - 1985 P. J. HANNAN and D. S. JONES 3 Apr. 1986 43 p (AD-A166887; NRL-MR-5744) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 CSCL 06M Studies of the effects of various chemical or physical stimuli on the growth rates of microorganisms generally involve some measure of biomass. In the case of algae, one might measure the cell number, the chlorophyll concentration, the fluorescence, or the wet weight of the culture as a function of time. Each such measurement requires a sampling of the culture which could be a disturbing factor in the system being measured. Another disadvantage of these traditional measurements is that the times required for significant change to take place in the culture might be hours or days; furthermore, growth rate measurements calculated from the data must be based on the assumption that during the time between measurements the growth rate was Naval Research Lab., Washington, D. C. 393 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) constant. This report describes another approach to the problem. It consists simply of monitoring the 0 2 or C02 concentration of an air stream passing through the system (the gas exchange method), and it has several distinct advantages: (1) there is no need to take samples of the culture, (2) each measurement is a rate measurement and indicates the performance of the culture at that very moment, and (3) transitory changes in growth rates are readily detected. Examples are given of studies made previously with this method at NRL. Also the possible value of these methods in a study of the corrosion susceptibility of alloys is described. GRA N86-31208# Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry. THE PREDICTION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY USING MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY INDICES D. H. ROUVRAY 23 Apr. 1986 31 p (Contract NO001 4-84-K-0365) (AD-A166986; TR-21) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 CSCL 060 A highly influential paper by Randic entitled On characterization of molecular branching appeared in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. In this paper a new topological index was introduced which has since become known as the molecular connectivity index. Topological indices (Tis) are graph-theoretical invariants which are employed extensively as matheamtical descriptors for a wide range of molecular species. They have been used mainly for the purpose of correlating the properties of molecular species with their topological structure. The molecular connectivity index was originally put forward with the aim of characterizing the branching in alkane species, but more recently has been shown to have numerous applications in both the physical and biological sciences. In this review we shall focus on the use of the index in the more biologically oriented sciences, such as pharmacology and toxicology. In particular, we shall discuss the prediction of biological activity in chemical species by means of this index. The molecular connectivity index as originally presented by Randic was designed to parallel the ordering obtained for sets of isomeric alkane molecules based on their physicochemical properties. GRA N86-31209# LASER KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY OF UNIMOLECULAR AND BIMOLECULAR PROCESSES IN THE GAS PHASE Final Report, 1 Oct. 1982 - 30 Sep. 1985 C. WllTlG and H. REISLER 15 Nov. 1985 14 p (Contract AF-AFOSR-0022-83) (AD-A166998; AFOSR-86-0226TR) Avail: NTlS HC A02/MF A01 CSCL 07E This research is concerned with the study of unimolecular processes in the gas phase. We concentrated on simple bond fission reactions, and determined both the collision free unimolecular rates Benzylamine (C6H5CH2NH2), Nitrosomethane (CH3)3CNO), and the energy disposal in the products Nitrosyl cyanide (NCNO), Trifluoronitrile methane (CF3CN). Cyanogeniodide (ICN). Most of the molecules were dissociated either via IRMPD(CF3CN, C6H5CH2NH2) or by electronic excitation followed by radiationless transitions (NCNO(CH3)3CNO). They exhibited statistical behavior, and the results were compared with the predictions of statistical theories. The most detailed experiments involved the photodissociation of NCNO, which provided complete mapping. of product internal states. The CN and NO E,V,R distributions are textbook examples of statistical product state distributions deriving from a unimolecular reaction. In our studies of the direct photodissociation of ICN, we obtained sub-Doppler LIF spectra of nascent CN(X2 sigmat state), following the 266 nm photolysis of 300 K molecules. These studies provided a detailed picture of the fragment recoil spatial anisotropies as well as CN E,V,R, T and and 111 excitations. The CN rotational distributions were dissected into two separate distributions for the channels producing I and I. GRA University of Southern California, Los Angeles. 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE Includes physiological factors; biological effects of radiation; and weightlessness. A8643750 THE INVERSE PROBLEM IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY - A MODEL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF GEOMETRY AND CONDUCTIVITY PARAMETERS ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EPICARDIAL POTENTIALS 8. J. MESSINGER-RAPPORT and Y. RUDY (Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (ISSN 0018-9294), vol. BME-33, July 1986, p. 667-676. Research supported by the American Heart Association and North East Ohio Affiliate, Inc. refs (Contract NIH-HL-33343; NIH-HL-17931; NIH-GM-07250) An eccentric spherical model is utilized to study the effects of variations in torso geometry and volume conductivity parameters on the accuracy of the recovered epicardial potentials and the orthogonal expansion terms. The solution to the electrocardiographic inverse problem of the eccentric sphere is presented. The ability to distinguish separate local electrical events on the epicardium is examined. The data reveal that changes in the conductivity and geometry parameters influence the amplitude, resolution, and position of the reconstructed epicardial potentials; proper estimations of secondary sources external to the epicardium and geometry parameter are necessary for accurate recovery of epicardial potentials. The application of the homogeneous assumption to inverse-recovered epicardial potentials results in good recovery of anterior epicardial potentials; however, resolution loss for posterior potentials is detected. Deviations in the conductivity of the lungs and skeletal muscle tissue and incorrect estimation of the heart size affect the recovery of the anterior and posterior epicardial potentials. I.F. A8644087 CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS OF SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVALS J. TIMBAL, J. COLIN, and H. MAROl-fE (Centre #Etudes et de Recherches de Medecine Aerospatiale, Paris, France) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562). vol. 57, July 1986, p. 642-646. refs In order to test the reality of a circadian evolution of systolic time intervals, an experiment was conducted on six subjects resting in a supine position for 24 h. Heart rate (HR), systole (S), diastole (D), presystole (PS), isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT), normal and corrected ventricular preejection and ejection time were computed by electric rheoplethysmography every 3 h in supine and sitting positions. Evidence of the existence of a circadian rhythm was clear in supine subjects; especially left preejection period (LPEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) acrophases were, respectively, 4.03 + or - 2.36 h and 4.31 + or - 1.1 5 h. In sitting subjects, a circadian rhythm was evidenced for IVCT, corrected left ventricular ejection time, and LPEP/LVET, and on the difference of resting-sitting for PS, IVCT, and LPEP, suggesting a decrease in orthostatic tolerance at the end of the night. However, values for characteristics of circadian rhythms (mean, amplitude, phase) strongly depend upon experimental conditions (position, activity, diet). A phase difference between systolic times and HR was also observed. This phenomenon was due to an advance in phase of D relative to S. Finally, all these results show that it is always necessary to take circadian factors into consideration during cardiovascular studies, especially for the preparation of protocols and the interpretation of results. Author 394 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE A0644000 NALOXONE ENHANCES MOTION SICKNESS - ENDORPHINS IMPLICATED M. E. ALLEN. C. MCKAY. D. M. EAVES. and D. HAMILTON (Simon ~ ___ Fraser University, Burnaby; Lions Gate Hospital, North Vancouver, Canada) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 647-653. refs This study evaluated the time course to malaise 111 in human subjects given naloxone and placebo with a double-blind crossover protocol in the prevention of motion sickness induced by exposure to coriolis stimulation in a rotating chair. During naloxone tests, subjects reached the designated level of sickness sooner than during the placebo testing (significance greater than 0.05) and their discomfort lingered for up to 3 d, a feature not seen with the placebo. This implicates endogenous opiates with an endogenous protective or adaptive role in the control of motion sickness. It is suggested that when subjects experience endogenous opioid withdrawal, such as post exercise, they could be in a state of neuron hypersensitivity, and thus more prone to any form of exogenous emetic stimuli. Greater tolerance to motion stresses could be experienced in subjects whose endorphins were repeatedly elevated, thus avoiding a hypersensitivity state from endogenous opiate withdrawal. Subjects whose endorphins have not been elevated in the first instance cannot secondarily suffer opioid abstinence. Author A0644009 MULTIPLE-SINUSOIDS TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING SINGLE SINUSOIDS COMPARED WITH A HORIZONTAL SEMICIRCULAR CANAL FUNCTION J. W. WOLFE, E. J. ENGELKEN, K. W. STEVENS, and J. E. OLSON (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB; USAF, Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 667-670. refs The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of 162 normal subjects was evaluated using two rotational testing procedures. Data from 79 subjects were collected using a set of five single-frequency stimuli (0.01 to 0.16 Hz) and 83 subjects were tested using multifrequency stimuli (0.01 to 0.27 Hz). The use of multifrequency stimuli in place of single frequencies reduced testing time from 75 min to 20 min per subject. The diagnostically useful phase response of the VOR, as estimated by the two tests, were not statistically different. Equivalent phase measures may be obtained within a shorter testing period using the multifrequency procedure. Author A0644090 ANTAGONIST MUSCLE VIBRATION ON H-REFLEX IN MAN INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF COMBINED AGONIST AND 6. J. MARTIN (Institut National de Recherche et de Securite pour la Prevention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles, Vandoeuvre, France), J. P. ROLL, and G. M. GAUTHIER (Aix-Marseille I, Universite, Marseille, France) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 681-687. Research supported by lnstitut National de Recherche et de Securite pour la Prevention des Accidents du Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles and CNRS. refs The differential effects of vibration locally applied to gastrocnemius soleus and tibialis anterior muscles separately and to both muscles simultaneously are studied. From the results, it is deduced that combined agonist and antagonist muscle vibration may lead to summative interaction between pre- and postsynaptic inhibition at motoneuronal level. Whole-body vibration is taken to mean a combination of synchronous vibrations applied locally and simultaneously to several muscles. The results also demonstrate that the level of inhibition of the H-reflex resulting from the vibration is directly related to the displacement amplitude of the vibration, regardless of the frequency. Author ~a6-44091 THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF PG12 IN THE PEEP-INDUCED CHANGES IN CARDIAC OUTPUT AND BLOOD PRESSURE W. DURANTE and F. A. SUNAHARA (Toronto, University, Canada) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 688-693. Research supported by the Ontario Heart Foundation and Department of National Defence of Canada. refs Ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is employed in clinical and aviation medicine. The widespread application of PEEP, however, is limited principally because of its adverse effect on cardiac output (CO) and systemic arterial blood pressure (BP). Recently, it has been suggested that this PEEP-induced cardiovascular depression may be mediated by vasoactive agents, possibly prostaglandin in nature. This study examined the possible involvement of PG12 in the PEEP-induced decreases in CO and BP. Chloralose-anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs were subjected to brief intervals (75 s) of PEEP 10 or 20 mm Hg. Arterial levels of 6-keto-PGFla (stable metabolite of PG12) were monitored by radioimmunoassay. These parameters were compared before and during PEEP application. During PEEP, tracheal pressure-related decreases in both CO and BP were noted. Application of either PEEP 10 or 20 mm Hg resulted in an increase in circulating 6-keto-PGFla levels in three animals while a decrease was noted in two others. Overall, application of PEEP did not result in a significant change from baseline levels. Furthermore, there was no correlation between changes in either CO or BP with changes in arterial 6-keto-PGFla levels. These results do not support the hypothesis that the short term PEEP-induced changes in CO or BP are mediated by endogenously released PG12. Author A0644092 LOW BACK PAIN IN PILOTS P. FROOM, J. BARZILAY, Y. CAINE, S. MARGALIOT, D. FORECAST (Israel Air Force, Aeromedical Center, Ramat Gan) et al. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 694, 695. refs A questionnaire on low back pain (LBP) was administered to 373 fighter pilots, 165 transport pilots, and 264 helicopter pilots. Helicopter pilots had more pain during flight than did fighter or transport pilots (34.5, 12.9, and 5.1 percent, respectively). A history of LBP temporally unassociated with flight was found in 26.5 percent of helicopter pilots, 31.5 percent of transport pilots, and 25.2 percent of fighter pilots. It is concluded that, despite the pain experienced by helicopter pilots in flight, they are not at increased risk for LBP unassociated with flight. Author A0644093 PNEUMOTHORAX IN A PILOT - A CASE REPORT DIFFUSE PULMONARY OSSIFICATION AND SPONTANEOUS P. F. EKHOLDT, B. R. OPPEDAL, and P. ARVA (National Hospital; Luftfartsverket, Oslo, Norway) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 696-698. refs ~a6-44095 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RECURRENT CHILDHOOD RESPIRATORY DISORDERS IN FLIGHT TRAINING APPLICANTS M. FELDMAN, P. FROOM, Y. CAINE, S. MARGALIOT, and J. BENBASSAT (Israel Air Force, Aeromedical Center, Ramat Gan; Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 706-708. refs A random sample of 1700 18-year-old applicants for flight training, who had been free from respiratory symptoms for one year or more was screened for respiratory symptoms in the past. Those who denied such a history had a questionnaire sent to their parents for further verification. Altogether 70 subjects with a past history of 'wheezing', 'asthma', or 'spastic bronchitis' were thus identified. Abnormalities in either FEV1 /FVC, Vmax50 or Vmax75 were found in 40 percent of the subjects with a history of childhood 'wheezing', 'asthma', or 'spastic bronchitis', but only 395 in 8 percent of controls without such a history. A history of wheezing had no effect on the residual volume/total lung capacity ratio. The age at which the last bout had occurred had no apparent effect on the degree of flow abnormalities. The most sensitive index for a flow abnormality was Vmax50, which was less than 74 percent of the predicted values in 2/(30 percent) of the 70 subjects tested. It is concluded that, in subjects with a history of 'wheezing', 'asthma', or 'spastic bronchitis', flow abnormalities may persist even after prolonged remissions. Author A06-44096 PHYSICAL TRAINING AND +GZ TOLERANCE REEVALUATED R. BULBULIAN (Kansas State University of Agriculture and Applied Science, Manhattan) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 709-711. refs The effect of physical training on +Gz tolerance is of vital interest in the aerospace community. The data on the effect of physical training on orthostatic tolerance or simulated air combat maneuvers is equivocal. The effects of aerobic and strength training programs is briefly reviewed. The data suggest a need for careful reinterpretation of research results in light of conflicting reports and methodological shortcomings. Aerobic training cannot be assumed to always be detrimental nor can strength training be assumed to be universally effective in improving +Gz tolerance. In selecting appropriate screening criteria and training regimens for aircraft personnel, it seems prudent to reinvestigate strength and endurance training effects on +Gz tolerance using multivariate research paradigms. Special attention should be directed to commonly accepted physiological principles which may vary under conditions of altered gravitation. Author A06-44097 SIMULATED AERIAL COMBAT MANEUVERING TOLERANCE AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONING - CURRENT STATUS R. R. BURTON (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 57, July 1986, p. 712-714. refs A06-44194 EFFECT OF HEAD-OUT WATER IMMERSION ON RESPONSE TO EXERCISE TRAINING L. M. SHELDAHL, F. E. TRISTANI, P. S. CLIFFORD, J. H. KALBFLEISCH, and G. SMITS (USVA, Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Wisconsin, University, Milwaukee) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567), vol. 60, June 1986, p. 1878-1 881. Research supported by the Wisconsin Heart Association. refs (Contract USVA-7876-01 P) During spaceflight and head-out water immersion (WI) there is a cephalad shift in blood volume. It has recently been shown that left ventricular end-diastolic dimension is significantly greater during moderate cycling exercise with WI compared with on land. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cephalad shift in blood volume and accompanying increase in cardiac preload with WI alters the normal cardiovascular adaptations to aerobic exercise training. Nine middle-aged healthy men trained on cycle ergometers in water, nine trained on land, and four served as controls for 12 wk. Following training, both training groups showed similar increases (P less than 0.05) in stroke volume and similar decreases in heart rate (P less than 0.01) and blood pressure (P less than 0.05) at a given submaximal exercise 0 2 consumption. Maximal 0 2 consumption increased (P less than 0.01) similarly for both training groups. The control group did not demonstrate any significant changes in submaximal or maximal exercise responses. It is concluded that the cephalad shift in blood volume with WI does not alter the normal cardiovascular adaptation to aerobic exercise training. Author A06-44770 HUMAN FACTORS PROBLEMS IN THE TACTICAL AIR COMMAND R. M. DEHART (USAF, Tactical Air Command, Langley AFB, VA) SAFE Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, Summer 1986, p. 18-20. The increase in human-factor (HF) variable mishaps to 60-70 percent of the USAF aircraft mishaps in 1984 and 1985 is discussed. The most important HF problems are accelerative force problems, particularly spatial disorientation (SD) and high-G loss of consciousness. SD mishaps account for 30 percent of the F-16 HF mishaps and 19 percent of the F-15 and F-4 HF mishaps. Current medical screening policies to minimize high-G mishaps include coronary artery risk evaluations and hyperlipemia selection standards. High-G fighter pilot training is also being implemented. R.R. A06-44700 INFLIGHT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS - A FIRST LOOK AT THE US. NAVY EXPERIENCE D. C. JOHANSON (US. Navy, Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA), H. T. PHEENY (US. Navy, Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, DC), J. F. PALMER (US. Navy, Pacific Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, CA), and R. A. MATTHEWS (US. Navy, Naval Hospital, Rota, Spain) SAFE Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, Summer 1986, p. 30-35. Navy-sponsored research. This paper represents the first public release of a recent NAVAIR-sponsored survey studying the incidence of in-flight acceleration (g) induced loss of consciousness (GLOC) in the United States Navy. The survey provides some valuable information on aviator attitudes, practices, and performance, in addition to suggesting the requirement for a follow-up study. The survey indicated a 12 percent incidence of GLOC within the Navy, which is in agreement with the findings of the Air Force study of two years previous which also indicated a rate of 12 percent for that service. The primary goal of this survey was to determine the relative incidence of GLOC. However, in the process, the survey examined a number of items of potential interest to the life support systems designer which may prove beneficial to future designs. In addition to discussing the primary goal, this report looks at several areas of potential interest with respect to the life support aspects of the flight environment. Author A06-44014 G-INDUCED LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS - COMBAT AIRCRAFT PILOTS HEAD FOR TROUBLE G. CHAMBOST and P. TURK lnteravia (ISSN 0020-5168), vol. 41, May 1986, p. 507, 508. The problem is examined of modern combat aircraft being able to sustain G forces greater than their pilots can tolerate and remain conscious. Between 1983 and 1984, the US. Air Force officially acknowledged nine accidents in which loss of consciousness under high G loads was deemed to have been the primary cause. An aircraft such as the F-16 or Mirage 2000 can not only maintain loads of 9G for several tens of seconds but can also reach these high values in only a few seconds; the body has no time to organize its automatic defense mechanisms such as accelerated heart rate and increased blood pressure. Studies at the Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine indicate that the ability of the cardiovascular system to maintain correct irrigation of the brain is inversely proportional to the rate of onset of G forces; this is why the problem is so serious in high performance combat aircraft. Techniques for dealing with the problem (inclined crew seats, G suits) are considered. The G-LOC (G-induced loss-of-consciousness) problem has been shrouded in mystery in part because of a knowledge of how far one has pushed back the limits of G tolerance is of great interest to an adversary. D.H. 396 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE A86-45254*# Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. FLUID DYNAMIC STUDY IN A FEMORAL ARTERY BRANCH CASTING OF MAN WITH UPSTREAM MAIN LUMEN CURVATURE FOR STEADY FLOW Y. I. CHO, L. H. BACK (California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena), and M. R. BACK ASME, Transactions, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 107, Aug. 1985, p. 240-248. NASA-supported research. refs (Contract NIH-HL-23619-05) An in-vitro, steady flow investigation was conducted in a hollow, transparent vascular replica of the profunda femoris branch of man for a range of physiological flow conditions. The replica casting tested was obtained from a human cadaver and indicated some plague formation along the main lumen and branch. The flow visualization observations and measured pressure distributions indicated the highly three-dimensional flow characteristics with arterial curvature and branching, and the important role of centrifugal effects in fluid transport mechanisms. Author A86-45325 THE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THE HEAT EXCHANGE AND THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PILOTS [VLIIANIE VYSOKOI TEMPERATURY NA TEPLOOBMEN I SOSTOlANlE PlTANllA U LETCHIKOV] A. N. AZHAEV, V. E. POTKIN, P. A. LOZINSKII, and V. A. EFIMOV Voenno-Meditsinskii Zhurnal (ISSN 0026-9050), April 1986, p. 39-41. In Russian. Changes in body mass, pulse rate, oral and average skin temperatures, urine volume, and mineral excretion were studied in pilots after flights from moderate climatic zones into zones with higher (by 15 to 20 C) temperatures. In addition, caloric and liquid intakes of the subjects were correlated with their objective evaluation of appetite and thirst, efficiency, and the state of well being. Compared with psychophysiological changes registered in the same pilots after flights within moderate climatic zones, flights into a hotter zone were accompanied by large increases of pulse rate and by other unfavorable changes of the analyzed psychophysiological indices. It is recommended that pilots designated for flights from a moderate into a hot temperature zone be screened on the basis of clinical and physiological tests, and that prophylactic measures be taken against dehydration and overheating of the organism before, during, and after the flight. IS. refs A86-46270 RADIOFREQUENCIES AND MICROWAVES - RADIATION MIKROVOLNY - RADlATSlONNAlA BEZOPASNOST' SAFETY OF THE OPERATOR [RADIOIZLUCHENIIA I OPERATORA] B. I. DAVYDOV Kosmicheskie lssledovaniia (ISSN 0023-4206), vol. 24, May-June 1986, p. 459-465. In Russian. The radiofrequency and microwave radiation safety standards existing in the USSR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, USA, Canada, Great Britain, and West Germany are examined along with the proposals of the IRPA/INIRC. It is noted that the dosimetric principle provides best results in evaluating biological effects but is associated with certain difficulties in interpretation; therefore the use of the effective dose as a criterion of biological effects is preferable. Some organizational aspects of radiation safety are discussed. V.L. refs A86-46938# AN UPDATED MODEL FOR A SPACE STATION HEALTH MAINTENANCE FACILITY W. T. HARVEY, S. M. FARRELL, A. J. HOWARD, and F. C. PEARLMAN (Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) AIAA, Space Station in the Twenty-first Century, Meeting, Reno, NV, Sept. 3-5, 1986. 7 p. The Space Station Health Maintenance Facility (HMF) is required to provide 'critical care' capability for one crew-nember for 28 days. The HMF must also provide routine monitoring and care for the Space Station crew for the duration of the mission. (AIAA PAPER 86-2303) The equipment necessary to meet these requirements has been defined and an estimate of the physical characteristics of each piece of equipment has been completed. The equipment has been integrated into two Space Station standard outfitting packages, one which contains the laboratory and data management equipment and one which holds the critical care equipment and X-ray reader. The front panel configuration has been designed for optimum crew interface. The total system weight, volume and power requirements have been estimated at 1500 Ibs, 140 cubic feet, and 0.512 kilowatts (routinel critical care). The HMF Medical Data Management System hardware and architecture has been designed to complement the Space Station Data Management System. Author N86-30303'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. THE TEMPORAL RESPONSE OF BONE TO UNLOADING R. K. GLOBUS, D. D. BIKLE (California Univ., San Francisco.), and E. MOREY-HOLTON 19 Dec. 1984 34 p Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration Hospital, San Francisco, Calif. (Contract NAGW-236) (NASA-TM-89228; NAS 1.1589228) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 06P Rats were suspended by their tails with the forelimbs bearing the weight load to simulate the weightlessness of space flight. Growth in bone mass ceased by 1 week in the hindlimbs and lumbar vertebrae in growing rats, while growth in the forelimbs and cervical vertebrae remained unaffected. The effects of selective skeletal unloading on bone formation during 2 weeks of suspension was investigated using radio iostope incorporation (with Ca-45 and H-3 proline) and histomorphometry (with tetracycline labeling). The results of these studies were confirmed by histomorphometric measurements of bone formation using triple tetracycline labeling. This model of simulated weightlessness results in an initial inhibition of bone formation in the unloaded bones. This temporary cessation of bone formation is followed in the accretion of bone mass, which then resumes at a normal rate by 14 days, despite continued skeletal unloading. This cycle of inhibition and resumption of bone formation has profound implication for understanding bone dynamics durng space flight, immobilization, or bed rest and offers an opportunity to study the hormonal and mechanical factors that regulate bone formation. B.G. N86-30304# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Mass. THERMOREGULATION AFTER ATROPINE AND PRALIDOXIME ADMINISTRATION M. A. KOLKA, L. A. STEPHENSON, S. P. BRUlTIG, B. S. CADARETTE, and R. R. GONZALEZ Mar. 1986 19 p (AD-A165868) Avail: NTlS HC A02/MF A01 CSCL 060 The effects of intramuscular saline (control), atropine (2mg), pralidoxime (600 mg) or a combination of the two drugs on heat exchange was evaluated in four healthy males during moderately intense seated, cycle exercise (55% v02 peak) in a temperate environment (T sub a = 30.3 C, P sub W = 1.0 kPa). Esophageal, rectal, and mean skin temperatures, and chest and forearm sweating were continuously measured. Skin blood flow (FBF) from the forearm was measured twice each minute by venous occulusion plethysmography. Whole body sweating was calculated from weight changes. The expected result of atropine injection, decreased eccrine sweating (-6O%, P 0.05) with ensuent elevated esophageal (+0.4C, P<0.05) and skin temperature (+2.1C, P<0.05) was observed relative to control. Heart rate (+28 b/min) and FBF (+9 mV100cc) were higher after atropine. Pralidoxime, in general, did not affect the core and skin temperature responses to the exercise differently from control; however, a slightly elevated FBF (+3m1/100cc min, 33%) compensated for the reduction in whole body sweating (-45%, p<0.05) that we observed. The combination of the drugs resulted in significantly higher esophageal (0.4C) and skin (0.9C) temperatures than atropine alone, as has been previously shown. The thermoregulatory disadvamtage of inhibited sweating by atropine was partially compensated for by enhanced 397 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE skin blood flow in this environment where T sub a>T sub sk. Pralidoxime was shown to decrease whole body sweating, by a mechanism as yet unexplained. GRA N86-30305# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Mass. HUMAN VASCULAR FLUID RESPONSES TO COLD STRESS ARE NOT ALTERED BY COLD ACCLIMATION A. J. YOUNG, S. R. MUZA, M. N. SAWKA, and K. B. PANDOLF Mar. 1986 26 p (AD-A165869; USARIEM-M-19/86) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 06s Repeated cold water immersion can induce the development of an insulative type of cold acclimation in man. This investigation determined if repeated cold water immersion produced changes in vascular fluid response to cold stress in addition to the previously reported changes in thermoregulation. Seven male subjects performed a standardized cold air and cold water exposure before and again after a cold acclimation program. The cold acclimation program consisted of daily immersion (90 min) in cold water (18 C, stirred) repeated five times per week for five consecutive weeks. Cold acclimation did not alter the responses of plasma volume or electrolyte concentrations, nor urinary flow or electrolyte excretion during either cold air or cold water exposure. The percent reduction in plasma volume was larger (P

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