The specific objectives were as follows. The effectiveness and function was evaluated of the hand held, manually powered v-vac for suction during microgravity. The function was evaluated of the battery powered laerdal suction unit in microgravity. The two units in control of various types of simulated bodily fluids were compared. Various types of tubing and attachments were evaluated which are required to control the collection of bodily fluids during transport. Various materials were evaluated for absorption of simulated bodily fluids. And potential problems were identified for waste management and containment of secretions and fluids during transport. Test procedures, results, and conclusions are briefly discussed

Gosbee, John

Krupa, Debra T.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUSAND ABSORPTIONMATERIALSEVALUATION
J r
? //
N91-32784
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:
CO-INVESTIGATORS:
FLIGHT DATES:
Debra T. Krupa
John Gosbee, M.D.
March 28, 1990
April 19, 1990
TEST OBJECTIVE:
Evaluate the function of a battery powered apparatus, a manually powered
apparatus, and various types of materials for the containment of bodily
secretions in microgravity.
TEST DESCRIPTION:
The specific objectives of the experiment were:
• to evaluate the effectiveness and function of the hand held, manually
powered v-vac for suction during micrgravity
• to evaluate the function of the battery powered laerdal suction unit in
microgravity
• to compare the two units in control of various types of simulated bodily
fluids
• evaluation of various types of tubing and attachments required to
control the collection o bodily fluids during transport
• evaluation of various materials for absorption of simulated bodily
• identification of potential problem areas for waste management and
containment of secretions and fluids during transport
MEmcaL EVALUATIONSON TIlEKC-135:1990 Fua_rr REPORt Su_.4RY
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910023470 2020-03-17T14:59:45+00:00Z
TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUS AND ABSORPTION MATERIALS EVALUATION
STRUCTURAL LOAD ANALYSIS:
See memo from NASA structures for HMF glove box
ELECTRICAL LOAD ANALYSIS: no electrical power required
INFLI GHT TEST PROCEDURES (CHECKLIST FORMAT):
All procedures were completed within the closed environment of the glove
box.
1. Deploy the suction devices and fluids in containers
• fluids suctioned included water, milk, pudding, and canine blood
• each fluid was placed inside the glove box in a separate container
for the type of fluid
• the containers were 60cc catheter tip syringes which allowed for
containment of the fluid, and easy deployment of the contents
within the box for attempts at suctioning
• each container was restrained to the inner floor of the glove box by
tape until needed for deployment within the box
2. Attempt suction with the v vac on the various fluids
• use large and small bore suction tubing
• use hard and pliable tip catheters
3. Attempt suction with the laerdal on the various fluids
• utilize large and small bore suction tubing
• utilize hard and pliable tip catheters
4. Evaluation of various types and weaves of materials for absorptionof
fluids:
• tight and loose weave guaze
• blotting and wiping motions
• sponges, combine dressing, and abd pads
MFa_ICALEVALUATION5ON _ KC-135:1990 FuGlrr R_PORT SUMMARY
98
TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUS AND ABSORPTION MATERIALS EVALUATION
PARABOLA REQUIREMENTS, NUMBER AND SEQUENCING:
No special requirements for intervals and spacing between parabolas.
Parabolas 1-10
• Deploy and secure fluids and suction apparatus within box
Suction of milk
v vac with large and small bore tips
v vac with hard and pliable tips
laerdal with large small bore tips
laerdal with hard and pliable tips
Parabolas 11-20
Suction of pudding
- v vac with large bore tips
- v vac with hard and pliable tips
- laerdal with large small bore tips
laerdal with hard and pliable tips
Parabolas 21-30
Suction of canine blood
v vac with large and small bore tips
vvax with hard and pliable tips
laerdal with large and small bore tips
laerdal with hard and pliable tips
Parabolas 31-40
Evaluation of absorption of various materials
- loose weave guaze on blood, milk, and pudding
- tight weave guaze on blood, milk, and pudding
- abd pads on blood, milk, and pudding
sponges on blood, milk, and pudding
combine dressing on blood, and milk
• Evaluation of various methods ofblottingand wiping for fluid absorption
on blood, water, milk and pudding
MEDICAL EVALUATIONSON WE KC-135:1990 Fua_rr REPORT SUMMARY
99
TRANSPORT SUCTIONAPPARATUS AND ABSORPTIONMATERIALS EVALUATION
• Repeat of any of the previousprocedures which need further evaluation
TEST SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS (GROUND AND FLIGHT):
Space required: Full width of KC-135, and 10 feet of length.
Loaded at beginning of flight week: HMF glove box and table
Loaded on flight day:
• video camera
• restraints for investigators
• carry on bag containing waste disposal container, fluids in containers,
suction devices, catheter tips, absorption materials,
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM:
In flight written check list self report post flight video
MANIFEST: Debra T. Krupa (KRUG)
John Gosbee (KRUG)
Roger BiUica (KRUG) flight 1
Perry Bechtle (KRUG) flight 2
Dedicated photographer
PHOTO GRAPHIC REQUIREMENTS:
• Dedicated video photography
• Non-dedicated still photography
HAZARD ANALYSIS/SAFETY:
1. Potential Hazard: Fluids could become dislodged and float freely
throughout the cabin
Response: All fluids were placed within the glove box within their
sealed containers before the parabolas began.
MEDICAL EVALUanO_VSON vaz KC-135:1990 Fuam" R_PORT Su_Y
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TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUS AND ABSORPTION MATERIALS EVALUATION
No protective covers were to be removed unless within the confines of
the glove box.
2. Potential Hazard: Corners of box could scrape or contuse
experimeters
Response: Upper edges of the glove box are padded with foam as
required on previous flights for protection of those around box area.
See memo from NASA structures on HMF glove box.
INFLIGHT WORKSHEET KC 135 FLIGHT EVALUATION
TRANSPORT SUCTION
MATERIALS
Principle Investigator:
Co-investigators:
APPARATUS AND ABSORPTION
Debra T. Krupa (DK)
John Gosbee (JG)
Roger BiUica-flight 1 (RB)
Perry Bechtle-flight 2 (PB)
PREFLIGHT:
Load equipment onto KC 135 and secure:
• video camera
• restraints for investigators
• waste disposal containers
- solid, wet, and sharp
• Laerdal suction
- extra containers
• V Vac
- extra containers
• suction catheters
- yankauer
- pliable small and large
• suction tubing
• absorption materials
• non-sterilegloves
• fluids
- blood in syringes
• needles
MEDICAL EVALUa770NS ON rn_ KC-135:1990 FLicrrr Rr.r,ORT Su_Y
101 --
TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUS AND ABSORFrlON MATERIALS EVALUATION
• extra syringes
• chucks pads
• ice chest for syringe containment
• plastic bags for trash
• chicken breast
• duct tape
• scalpel
• needles
• windex
• paper towels
BEFORE PARABOLAS BEGIN:
Deploy suction devices from bags and place within glove box
This was easily accomplished. The laerdal was taped into place with duct
tape against the wall of the glove box. The lid was propped open to allow
access to the controls. The V Vac was taped to the side of the glove box.
Secure water and blood within glove box for first set of parabolas
The first syringes were placed within the glove box inside of the syringe
covers. (See still photo 35939)
Remaining equipment and fluids to be secured to floor within ice chest
at base of glove box for easy access within parabolas or at breaks
The syringes were separated by contents and placed within styrofoam
boxes. The boxes were taped to the base of the glove box with the lids taped
for easy and rapid, yet secure access. The extra attachments were placed
within a bag below the glove box. The igloo cooler with the chicken was
secured below the glove box also.
Position attachments within glove box for first set of parabolas
The yankauer tips and flexible tips were taped to each side of the box for
access by each experimenter. The needles and tips for the syringes were
secured to the inside wall of the glove box with double stick duct tape. This
allowed the experimenter to acces them when required, and then replace
them easily.
MEDICAL EVALUATIONSON THEKC-135:1990 FuG_r REPORT SUiVI_ARY
102
TRANSPORTSUCTIONAPPARATUS AND ABSORPTION MATERIALSEVALUATION
Position waste containers
The large trash bags were taped to the side of the aircraft for ease of access.
Recheck video placement
The NASA video camera focus was verified, and positioning checked prior
to flight. A detail of what was to be accomplished was provided, with
suggestions for camera angles.
BETWEEN SETS OF PARABOLAS:
Change out various fluids in preparation for next set as follows worksheet
As required during the sets of parabolas, as well as between sets, empty
syringes were exchanged for new full ones.
Clear fluids out of suction tubing as required with water
This was often accomplished with milk as well as water. It was easy to clear
the blood out of the tubing, however the pudding required water and milk
to clear. A syringe of water/milk was kept within the glove box oneach end
for this purpose.
Dispose of used tubing in waste containers
This was accomplished as required.
Turn off laerdal when not in use to conserve battery life and decrease
noise level.
This was very important, more for the noise level than for the battery life.
The laerdal is very noisy, and, when added to the engine noise and noise
created by other experiments, turning it off became mandatory.
MU)IC__L EVALUATIONSON _ KC-135:1990 FL1c_rr REPORT SUMMARY
103
TRANSPORTSUCTIONAPPARATUSANDABSORFTIONMATERIALSEVALUATION
KC135FLUIDEVALUATIONRESULTS
SUCTIONWITHLAERDAL:
Yankauertip:
Suctionedoutofthecupandoff ofthewallverywell,butasmallamount
travelsup the sides of the catheter. It could not really "grab" globs or
streams of blood out of the air.
Flexible tip:
Suctioned out of the cup well. Not as well off of the wall, due to the holes
at the end of the catheter are misplaced for non-gravity depended drainage.
It was not able to "grab" blood out of the air. It did an outstanding job on
suctioning off of the chicken.
Funnel tip:
The blood that was squirted into the funnel stuck onto the inside surface of
the funnel, but the suction wasn't powerful enough to remove it off of the
funnel and into the suction hose.
SUCTION WITH V VAC:
Yankauer tip:
Fair suction off of the wall and out of the cup. Adequate suction off of the
chicken. The experimenters each complained that their hands tired easily
with this apparatus with long, slow squeezing; or with short, fast squeezing.
The whole assembly was too long to direct the tip accuraely, and to use
inside the glove box.
Flexible tip
Fair suction out of the cup. Fair to poor suction off of the wall, again due to
poor hole placement on the catheter for zero gravity suction. Fair suction
off of the chicken. Again, the hands became tired with long slow squeezing
or short, fast squeezing.
M_DW_4L EVALUATIONSON _ KC-135:1990 F_G_¢r REPORT SUMMARY
m 104
TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUS AND ABSOI_PTION MATEKIALS EVALUATION
Funnel tip
The blood that was squirted into the funnel stuck onto the surface of the
funnel, but the suction wasn'tpowerful enough to remove it from the funnel
and into the hose.
GAUZES:
4x8 Surgical Dressing
Stream of blood shot was soaked up to 90%, and the remaining 10% either
stayed as a "bead" on the surface, or bounced off the surface of the dressing.
Blotting the chicken was adequate, but a bit slow. When moving the
dressing away in a "flicking" motion, some of the blood particles scattered
in several directions from the surface of the dressing.
"Lap" sponges
No difference from the 4x8 above.
ABD pad
Stream of blood was soaked up to 80%, and the remaining blood beaded up
in small globs (less than I cm) or bounced off of the pad. Blotting the chicken
was unwieldy, and no more efficient than the 4x8 or lap sponges.
Kerlix roll
Excellent at all tasks (streams,blobs, chicken). The roll captured and soaked
up the blood readily (very absorbent in microgravity). The roll retained the
blood within the Kerlix even when it was forcibly shaken to dislodge the
soaked blood.
PHOTOGRAPHY:
Video:
Dedicated NASA video was taken on both of these flights. At the time of the
presentation of this report, neither video has been received for review.
MEOICAL EvAtua77o_vs oN mr. KC-135:1990 FLtcn'r Rra,oRr SUMMARY"
m 105
TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUS AND ABSORPTION _V_ATERIALS EVALUATION
Stills:
The number and quality of stills for both of these flight was below average.
$90-35931
DK is blotting with the kerlix as PB squirts the blood.
$90-35932
DK is preparing to blot the chicken as PB prepares the needle to simulate a
bleeding wound.
$90-35935
JG is suctioning with the V Vac as PB simulates blood flow with the needle
in the chicken.
$90-35937
JG is suctioning with the V Vac and the pliable catheter off of the wall of the
glove box where PB has squirted blood.
$90-35938
PB is holding the cup of blood forJG to suction with the V Vac and yankauer
tip.
$90-35939
JG is simulating blood flow through the chicken while PB suctions it with
the laerdal and the pliable tip catheter. Note the manner of containment of
the additional syringes along the inside of the wall of the glove box.
$90-33952
JG is squirting the pudding for RB to suction with the V Vac and the
yankauer. DK is watching from over the glove box.
$90-33985
JG has squirted pudding on the wall of the glove box for RB to suction with
the tip of the V Vac.
$90-33986
Same as 33985
MF.DZCaLEVALUAnONS ONZ_CeKC-135:1990 Fucm" R_PORr SUMMARY
106
TRANSPORT SUCTION APPARATUS AND ABSORPTION MATERIALS EVALUATION
CONCLUSIONS:
V Vac:
The V Vac was very tiring on the arm and hand. It required quite a bit of
pumping to keep up with the laerdal. When the air port of the V Vac became
wet, it would leak fluid out of the sides. This is unacceptable. There should
be some method for delayed deployment of suction.
Laerdah
The laerdal functioned as it did in one gravity as a pump. The difficulty was
with the tips placed within or next to the fluid for suctioning.
Yankauen
The tip tended to accumulate fluid around it. Fluid would travel up the
sides of the catheter as well as up into it.
Pliable:
This catheter functioned well. It will benefit with different design for tips.
This tip was unable to suction the pudding, and would not do well for thick
tenacious bodily secretions (mucus). There should be further investigation
into how we will do this in space station. This is a serious concern for suction
of a patient on a ventilator.
Gauzes:
The kerlix roll worked by far the best of all types of material. It was able to
absorb all fluids, and did not dislodge any fluid capture. Wiping tended to
push the fluid along front of the material.
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
The chicken breat worked well for simulated flow, and did not smell too
badly. The canine blood also worked well, and did not smell. The pudding
was quite adequate at simulation of various bodily secretions.
We were able to instill water down at ETT very easily. However, this
MEDICAl. EVALUATIONSON THEKC-135:1990 FL1a_rr REPORT SUMMARY
107 p
TRANSPORTSUC ION APPARATUSAND ABSORPTIONMATERIALS EVALUATION
required the entire ETr being filled with fluid prior to any drainage of fluid
out of the distal end. This should be repeated with a bag valve mask.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. The gloves attached to the box are very thick and difficult to work with.
It would be much more useful if a thinner glove could be changed for
the present ones. Also, there was some difficulty in reaching across the
box due to the length of the gloves. Longer ones would work much
better.
o The difficulty with suction in microgravity is related to the type of tip
placed within the medium to be suctioned. New approaches to design
of catheters is required. Possible areas for examination include: large
bore catheter tips, funnel tips of various sizes, catheters with numerou s
holes up the side (as in abdominal surgical suction). This area of
investigation is crucial to our ability to adequately provide airway
management, surgicalcapabilities, and wound management. It should
be followed up upon with new approaches to design of the tips which
come into contact with the fluids.
o A question was raised as to suction of a patient on a ventilator. A flight
to examine different tips for this purpose will be required. Doubt as to
the ability of present catheters to remove tenacious secretions is very
strong. This should be examined with application of fluid instillation,
and bag-valve-mask force applied to the tube.
4. The laerdal is easily used for suction in microgravity. Modifications to
solve the EMI and battery problems should be pursured.
So The V Vac functions adequately in microgravity. Modifications are
possible to pursue development of this tool. This would require: a) ease
of energy required to pump, b) a method for delay of presentation of the
suction for use on slow suction situations, c) prevention of leakage of
the fluid out of the air port when it becomes wet.
M_DIC_4LEVaLUAZTO_SON _ KC-135:1990 Fu(;ffr REPORT SUMMARY
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Transport suction apparatus and absorption materials evaluation

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