The study site selection is intended to serve all of the different research areas within the project, i.e., soil conditions, soil management, etc. There are seven major soil associations or soils formed on similar landscapes in the Miami Co., and over 38 soil series that were mapped. Soil sampling was conducted in some sites because of its variability in soils and cover types, variable topography, and presence of erosion problems. Results from analysis of these soil data is presented

Fernandez, R. Norberto

Johannsen, Chris J.

Lozano-Garcia, D. Fabian

Wyss, Phillip J.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19910013295 2020-03-19T17:59:24+00:00Z
NASA APPLICATIONS PROJECT IN MIAMI COUNTY, INDIANA
Progress Report: Grant NAGW-1472
April 12, 1989
Prepared by
R. Norberto Fernandez
D. Fabian Lozano-Garcia
Phillip J. Wyss
Chris J. Johannsen
with assistance
of Miami County cooperators, Purdue University investigators
and graduate students, and D.R.T.S.
Laboratory for Applications of
Remote Sensing
Purdue University
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .......................................... i
SITE SELECTION ............................................. 1
SOIL SAMPLING .............................................. 4
DATA ACQUISITION ........................................... 4
SATELLITE DATA ANALYSIS .................................... 9
DIGITAL GEOGRAPHIC DATABASE DEVELOPMENT .................... i0
List of Tables
Table 1 - Soils Sampled in Field Studies ................... 4
Table 2 - Requested Satellite Data ......................... 4
Table 3 - Source of Data for the Digital Data Base ......... i0
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Location of Miami County Within Indiana ......... 2
Figure 2 - Study,Sites in Miami County ..................... 3
Figure 3 - Soil Map of Section 9 T28N, RSE ................. 5
Figure 4 - Land Ownership in Section 9 T28N, R5E ........... 7
Figure 5 - Layers of GIS Information ....................... II
i
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Report
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana.
PROGRESS REPORT
I. SITE SELECTION
The study site selection is intended to serve all of the
different research areas within the project, i.e. soil
conditions, soil management, etc. The primary study areas
are located in Miami Co., Indiana (Figure i). There are
seven major soil associations or soils formed on similar
landscapes in the county and over 38 soil series that have
been mapped. The area extent of each of the seven soil
associations is about equal. Four one-square-mile areas
(sections) were randomly selected from each of the seven soil
associations. Sections in the northern part of the County
will be used for soil erosion studies, while sections located
in the southern part will be used for crop compliance
studies.
The selection process included the identification of all
potential sites. A potential site was defined as a section
that:
a) has represented most or all soil types of a soil
association for which it has been selected;
b) shows large soil units;
c) has different land cover types; and
d) Cooperators have been identified.
A cooperator is a farmer that keeps good records of previous
year's activities and is willing to participate in a project
like this one providing information on land management." This
was a critical point in the selection process.
During the selection process approximately i00 sections
were originally considered based on a), b) and c)
requirements. After cooperators were confirmed, half of the
potential sites were discarded. Twenty-eight sites were
randomly selected from the remaining sections (four one-
square-mile sections were selected for each of the seven soil
associations). Half of the sections will be used as training
areas and the other half will be used as test sites. Figure
2 shows the location of the final 28 study sites.
Currently section 9, T28N, RSE is being used to develop
and verify the data base before expanding it to the remaining
13 sections
U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Figure I - Location of
Miami County Within
Indiana
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U-_._''_LINCOLN, k|ll. Ii77 2
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Report
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T. 211N.
1". 27N.
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INDEX TO MAP SHEETS
MIAMI COUNTY, INDIANA
kIJi 11111
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ORIGINAL PAGE IS
OF POOR QUAUTY
Figure 2 - Study Sites in Miami County
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Report -
2. SOIL SAMPLING
Soil sampling has been conducted in section 9, T28N,
R5E. It was selected because of its variability in soils and
cover types; variable topography and presenceof erosion
problems. Surface and subsurface soil samples were obtained
for the following listed in Table 1
Table 1 - Soils Sampled in Field Studies
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Soil unit
FsA
FsB
FzC3
OtA
OsB
MsB
MtC3
MTD3
Soil description
Fox silt loam, 0-2% slope
Fox silt loam, 2-6% slope
Fox clay loam, 8-15% slope
Oshtemo sandy loam, 0-4% slope
Ormas-Oshtemo loamy sands, 2-8% slope
Morley silt loam, 2-6% slope
Morley silty clay loam, 6-12% slope
Morley silty clay loam, 15-25%
slope,severely eroded
Figure 3 shows the location of the sample sites within
section 9. This.'figure partially reproduces the soil map
published by the Soil Conservation Service, for this
particular section.
3. DATA ACOUISITION
3.1. Satellite Data:
Four Landsat scenes and one SPOT scene were requested in
August 1988. None of the scenes have been received as of
this date. The satellite data requested are listed in Table
2.
Table 2 - Requested Satellite Data
Sensor
Landsat-5 TM
Landsat-5 TM
Landsat-5 TM
Landsat-5 TM
SPOT
Cloud cover
10%
10%
30%
O%
O%
Date
3-23-87
7-29-87
8-30-87
4-26-88
11-6-87
4
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana .Progress Report
Cr
0tA
FsA
OcB
FsA
v
• OtA
OcA
)sB .-" ChB
OtA
FsA,
I
OsB
hB
Figure 3 - Soil Map of Section 9 T28N, R5E
NASA Applications Project in Mlaml Co., Indiana Proqres-o Reporu
LARS has a Landsat-5 TM scene from November 15, 1982
over Miami Co. that is being used for training graduate
students. This image has been geometrically corrected and
registered to UTM Coordinates obtained from USGS 71/2' Quads.
3.2. ASCS Records:
ASCS records for each section selected have been
requested and obtained from the Miami Co. ASCS office.
3.3. Farm records:
A questionnaire to obtain ancillary information from
cooperator' records on the field is being elaborated. This
questionnaire will be sent to those farmers that have already
accepted to provide such information. Part of the land
management information to be obtained will include:
a. Description of the tillage systems used.
b. Cropping history (previous crop --1986, 1987, 1988
and approximate yield)
c. Seasonal tillage operations: date of fall or spring
tillage; date of planting.
d. Precipitation records (during 1987): date of
rainfall_ amount of precipitation.
A photocopy of the letter sent by the County Extension
Agent to the potential collaborators is shown in Appendix I.
3.4. Land Ownerships Maps:
Land ownership plat maps are readily available from the
County Surveyor's office in Miami Co. Copies of those maps
for the sections under study have been obtained (enlarged,
scale 1:5000). Figure 4 shows a digitized land ownership map
for Section 9.
3.5. Soil maps:
Copies of the soil maps for the sections have been
obtained from the local SCS office (scale 1:20,000).
3.6. Topographic maps:
Coverage for the entire County has been obtained form
the Earth Science Information Center at Purdue University.
Coverage includes 7 I/2' Quads at 1:24,000 scale.
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Report
Figure 4 - Land Ownership in Sec'tion 9 T28N, R5E
7
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Report
3.7. Aerial Photography:
Copies of aerial 35mm color slides for each section
under study have been obtained from the ASCS office. These
photographs were acquired in April 1987 and are the ones used
by ASCS to check planted and ACR acreages. It should be
noted that the date these photographs were obtained coincide
with one of the Landsat-5 TM scenes requested; this
combination will allow a multistage, multispectral approach
to land cover analysis over the study area.
3.8. Information Needed for the Different Research Areas."
The information needed for the study areas has been
identified for each research project. This information is
listed by project as:
A. Land Cover Assessment:
- Satellite data: Landsat-5 TM (4 dates); SPOT (i
date)
- Soil Map: from SCS (digitized)
- Land Ownership Map (digitized)
- Ancill@ry information: records from farmers;
- Soil p;oductivity map
- Aerial photography.
B. Land Use:
- Aerial photography
- Satellite data
- Soil Map from SCS
- USGS topographic maps (1:250,000; road network)
- Drainage network
C. Soil Management:
- Satellite data
- Watershed boundaries
- Topographic maps
- ASCS records
- Farmers records
- Soil Maps (from SCS)
- Drainage network
8
NASA Applicatlons Project in Miami Co., Indiana _ Progress Report
D. Soil Erosion:
- Land use/land cover maps (derived from satellite
data)
- Soil Maps (from SCS)
- Topographic maps
- Land ownership maps
- Drainage network
- Soil physical and chemical properties
- Soil spectral properties (Exotech 20C)
- SCS records
- Farmer records
4. SATELLITE DATA ANALYSIS
We have began analyzing the 1982 Landsat-5 TM data in
order to get familiar with the land cover types present in
the area. This data set is also used to train graduate
students that will be involved in the project.
Most of the numerical analysis of satellite data will be
performed with an ERDAS system (Earth Resource Data Analysis
System). This d_cision has been made because the objective
of this project is to develop a Geographic Information System
able to interact with an image analysis system based on
microcomputer. It is expected to use LARSYS when performing
a classification of the entire County. The LARSYS software,
operating on the campus IBM 3090 mainframe, provides the
ability to analyze large amounts of data rapidly and
efficiently.
Since the analysis of satellite data will be primarily
done for land cover/land use, statistics will be generated
from training areas representative of all different cover
types present in the study area (supervised classification).
The analysis will include utilization of aerial photography
and farmer's records to check the spectral classes obtained
from satellite data.
9
NASA Applications ProJecU in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Repor_
5. DIGITAL GEOGRAPHIC DATABASE DEVET.QRMEhI_
5.1. Introduction:
The design of the digital data base is the most
important part of the geographic information system
development. Several meetings have taken place among all
parties involved in the project with the objective of
identifying those variables to be included in the data base
and to define different ways the data base would be accessed.
The selection of variables still continues, since this is an
iterative process.
We have acquired the pcARC/INFO system. This is a
geographic information system with vector data structure and
relational data base linking point and polygon topologies
with physical attributes. This system is being utilized as
another option for GIS development since it is microcomputer-
based, commercially available, and compatible with the ERDAS
system.
Table 3 - Source of Data for the Digital Data Base
DATA
LANDSAT -5-TM
SPOT
Topography
Land Ownership
Soils
Soil Productivity
Drainage Network
Watersheds
Road Network
SOURCE
EOSAT
SPOT Corporation of America
USGS 71/2' Quads
County Survey
SCS
Derived from soil maps
Derived from topo maps,-aerial
photography, and field information
Derived from topo maps, aerial
photos, and field information. It
will include flow directions
Digital lineqraph US Geo Data
I0
NASA Applications Project An _lami Co., Indiana Progress Report
Digital Geographic Database Development
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co. Indiana
/
/
/
/
/
i. Landsat-4 TM; 7 bands
2. Landsat-5 TM;
. N Wl
• f_ V|
. N
6. SPOT 3 bands
11-15-82
4-26-87
7-29-87
8-30-87
3-23-87
3-23-88
7. Land Cover
8. Land Ownership
9. Soils
10. Soil Productivity
ii. Drainage Network
12. Watersheds
13. Road Network
Figure 5 - Layers of GIS Information
ii
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana 2rogress Report
Figure 5 shows the different layers of information to be
included in the geographic information system. Table 3 lists
the source of that information.
5.2 . Variables to be Included in the Data Bases_L
5.2.1 Land Ownership Data Base:
,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ID#: Identifies the farmer
Owners' name
Township
Range
Section
Quarter Section
Taxing Unit #
Individual parcel #
Acreage of each parcel defined in 8.
5.2.2. Land Cover Data Base:
It will be derived from satellite data and recoded to
meet the classes defined under the tax assessment law.
i. Tillabke Land:
i.I. Cropland
1.2. Pasture
1.3. Cover Crops
2. Non-tillable land
3. Woodland
4. Other farmland:
4.1. Buildings
4.2. Water
Agricultural support land
Homesite
Flooding Class:
,
6.
7.
12
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana ._rogcess Report
5.2.3. Crop Compliance Data Base:
I. Farm ID#
2. Ownership
3. Tenancy
4. ASCS Farm # and other numbers per tenant
5. Corn Base (ASCS)
6. Wheat Base (ASCS)
7. Set Aside Acreage
8. Land Quality
9. Tract #
I0. Field #
ii. Crop grown in each field
12. Acreage of crop grown in each field defined in Ii.
5.2.4. Soils Data base:
The soils data base is the most extensive one and
it will be divided in four different levels. Soil
variables have been selected taking into account all the
different research areas of this project (soil erosion,
soil management, etc). For each variable listed there
is also an _xample of the kind of descriptive
information_that will be included in the data base. The
Fox silt loam is shown in this example:
Level la: General Information
variable
I. Map Unit Symbol:
2. Soil Name:
3. Soil Taxa:
4. Soil Association:
5. % of each soil:
6. Terrain Information:
7. Soll Productivity factor:
8. Watershed #:
FsA.
Fox Silt Loam, 0-2%
slope.
fine-loamy over sandy,
mixed, mesic Typic
Hapludalf.
Fox-Oshtemo
(within the Soil
Association) Fox 30%, 26%
Oshtemo, 44% minor.
nearly level to strongly
sloping, well drained,
etc.
0.77
watershed in which the
soil pedon is located.
13
NASA Applications Project in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Report
Level Ib: Physical Propertie__t
The inclusion of these variables is intended, primarily,
for soil erosion and soil management studies, and they
will be added to the first level:
,
i0.
ii.
12.
13.
14.
Depth of the soil layer:
Permeability:
Available water capacity:
Erosion factors K, T, L & S
Wind erodibility group:
Soil Drainage classes
cm or inches
in cm/hr or in/hr
in cm/cm or in/in
according to SCS
Level 2: Soil series description (Pedon site)
15. Location of the pedon site: It could be Lat &
Long, or a description like the one in the soil
survey: "...in cultivated field, 980 ft south and
15 ft east of the NW corner of Sec 29, T27N, R3E."
16.
17.
Physiography: the dominant landform of the area
where the pedon is located. It will be divided in:
16a. Regional Physiography:glaciated upland, lake
plain, etc.
16b. _ocal landform: moraine, kamefield, etc.
Geomorphic component: It is the specific part of
the hillslope: summit, shoulder, backslope, etc.
18. Slope: It refers to the slope of the site where
the pedon is located. It will be expressed in
percentage and described by:
18a: Shape
18b: Aspect
14
NASA ADplications Project in Miami Co., Indiana Progress Report
Level 3: Horizon Description:
These variables refer to a description of each soil
layer identified for each profile.
19. Horizon #
20. Horizon Symbol: /%o. (The symbols used will be the
ones described in the Soil Taxonomy). This
variable will include: Lithologic discontinuity,
master horizon and horizon modifiers.
21. Horizon depth: in cm.
22. Soil Color, moist: according to Munsell Color
System
23. Soil Color, dry: according to Munsell Color System
24. Soil Color from spectral reflectance, moist
25. Soil Color from spectral reflectance, dry
26. Mottles: defined by: Abundance, Size and
Contrast.
27. Texture
28. Structure: defined by: Size, Type and Grade.
29. HCI Reaction
30. Lower Boundary: It will include any possible
combination of topography and distinctness.
31. Stoniness Class
32. Consistence: It will include: Dry, Moist,
Stickiness and Plasticity.
Level 4: Horizon Physicochemical data:
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Pedon #
Organic Carbon; Organic Matter: in %
N (in %), P (in ppm), K (in ppm)
Iron (as Fed, in %): extracted: Dithionate,
Citrate, Bicarbonate
pH
Extractable Bases
Exchange acidity
Cation Exchange Capacity
Laboratory sample ID
Laboratory ID
Particle Size
15


NASA applications project in Miami County, Indiana

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